The Beginning of History

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Kathleen Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Human Control ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Genesis ◽  
The One ◽  
End Times ◽  
Creation Mandate ◽  
Young Earth Creationism

These Christian curricula herald the Bible as the authoritative text for interpreting the earliest history of the world. On the basis of their insistence on biblical inerrancy, they present fundamental positions that underlie their historical analysis, as follows. The Bible establishes Young Earth creationism, divides human beings into races, and stipulates that God established government as limited. The Tower of Babel indicts humanism and efforts to unify governments or societies. The Creation Mandate, taken from the Book of Genesis, endorses both human control of the earth and Christian hegemony. Mosaic Law defines the legitimate basis for law and morality. The ancient Israelites set the standard against which other ancient civilizations are judged for their failure to believe in the one God. The modern state of Israel points to the fulfillment of biblical prophecies of end times. These central claims developed within evangelicalism.

Misreading Egypt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Schotter
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Technologies

The first chapter of Hieroglyphic Modernisms exposes the complex history of Western misconceptions of Egyptian writing from antiquity to the present. Hieroglyphs bridge the gap between modern technologies and the ancient past, looking forward to the rise of new media and backward to the dispersal of languages in the mythical moment of the Tower of Babel. The contradictory ways in which hieroglyphs were interpreted in the West come to shape the differing ways that modernist writers and filmmakers understood the relationship between writing, film, and other new media. On the one hand, poets like Ezra Pound and film theorists like Vachel Lindsay and Sergei Eisenstein use the visual languages of China and of Egypt as a more primal or direct alternative to written words. But Freud, Proust, and the later Eisenstein conversely emphasize the phonetic qualities of Egyptian writing, its similarity to alphabetical scripts. The chapter concludes by arguing that even avant-garde invocations of hieroglyphics depend on narrative form through an examination of Hollis Frampton’s experimental film Zorns Lemma.

The Dissemination of Scottish Theology: T&T Clark

2021 ◽  
pp. 001452462110433
Author(s):  
John Riches
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
The Bible ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Study ◽  
The One

This chapter outlines the history of the Scottish family firm of publishers T&T Clark, which for nearly 200 years made a significant contribution to the development of an historical and critical approach to theological study. This was chiefly effected through a series of publications of mostly German-speaking works of theology and biblical studies. It is suggested that these were principally of a mediating kind, seeking to achieve a complementarity between forms of confessional Protestant belief and theology on the one hand and historical and philosophical studies on the other. This reached a climax in the early twentieth century with the publication of major works by Ritschl and Schleiermacher. Thereafter the firm’s publishing programme became more influenced by confessional forms of theology, particularly through its translation of Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics. Its legacy, however, remains not only in the form of Barth but of Schleiermacher and historical critical studies of the Bible.

What Is Diversity?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Mona Sue Weissmark
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Attributes

This introductory chapter traces the history of ideas about race and human classification systems, from the bible to the Classical period and on to the first “scientific” attempts to rank differences and ascribe characteristics to races. Starting with the view from the Tower of Babel came the notion that linguistic and cultural diversity was the Supreme Being’s punitive response to such human hubris of reaching for heaven on earth. Following that came a litany of scholars, scientists, and doctors, who established hierarchies that left white Europeans on the top of the intellectual period, and other races lagging behind. Among these was Hippocrates, who wrote that the forms and dispositions of human beings corresponded with the nature of the country, their region’s climate and topography. Meanwhile, the French physician Francois Bernier developed the first post-Classical racial classification system, basing it on physical attributes. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach was the first phrenologist, and although he also classified race, he asserted that all races belonged to a single species. Physician George Morton measured cranial size and then estimated brain size in an effort to rank humans based on intelligence. The chapter then looks at more modern concepts, such as Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution; scientific rejection of the notion that races were biologically different; and UNESCO’s statement that social issues give rise to racism.

Hermeneutics in Modern Theology: Some Doctrinal Reflections

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Webster
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Thought

The territory indicated by my title is impossibly vast, and some delimitations are in order at the beginning. What follows does not attempt any kind of thorough or nuanced historical analysis of the great tangle of issues to which the terms of the title refer. ‘Hermeneutics’ and ‘modern theology’ don't exist as simple entities; the terms are shorthand ways of identifying very complex traditions of thought and cultural practices, and a serious attempt to trace those traditions and the variations in their relationship would be little short of a history of Western Christian thought since the rise of nominalism. What is offered here is more restricted and precise, chiefly an essay in Christian dogmatics. At its simplest, my proposal is that the Christian activity of reading the Bible is most properly (that is, Christianly) understood as a spiritual affair, and accordingly as a matter for theological description. That is to say, a Christian description of the Christian reading of the Bible will be the kind of description which talks of God and therefore talks of all other realitiessub specie divinitatis. There is certainly an historical corollary to this proposal — namely, the need for some account of why the dominant traditions of Western Protestantism (and more recently of Western Catholicism) have largely laid aside, or at least lost confidence in, this kind of dogmatic depiction of the church's reading of the Bible, replacing it with, or annexing it to, hermeneutical theory of greater or lesser degrees of sophistication and greater or lesser degrees of theological content.

The Knack of Selling: scientific salesmanship, relational themes and military metaphors in early marketing thought

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-262
Author(s):  
Mark Tadajewski ◽  
D.G. Brian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Context ◽  
The One ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Early Training

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an historical analysis of an important early contribution to the history of marketing thought literature – the six-book series titled The Knack of Selling – which was published in 1913 and intended as an early training course for salesmanship. Design/methodology/approach This research utilized a close, systematic reading of The Knack of Selling series and places it in the professional and intellectual context of the early twentieth century. Books published about marketing are primary source materials for any study of the history of marketing thought. In this case, The Knack series constitutes significant primary source material for a study of early thinking about personal selling. Findings Echoing A.W. Shaw, Watson offers a more sophisticated interpretation of the “one best way” approach associated with Frederick Taylor. Watson’s advice did not entail the repetition of canned sales talks to each customer. His vision of practice was more complicated. Sales presentations were temporally and locationally relative. They were subject to ongoing evolution. As the marketplace changed, as customer needs and interests shifted, so did organizational and salesperson performances. To keep sales talks relevant to the consumer, personnel were encouraged to undertake rudimentary ethnographic research and interviews. Unusually, there is oscillation in the way power relations between marketer and customer were described. While relational themes are present, so are military metaphors. Originality/value This is the first systematic reading of The Knack of Selling that has been produced. It is an important contribution to the literature inasmuch as this book set is not in wide circulation. The material itself was significant as an input into scholarship subsequently hailed as seminal within sales management.

The Scillitan Saints and the Pauline Epistles

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Gerald Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Pauline Epistles ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Biblical Scholar

It is, no doubt, appropriate that the document which ushers in the stormy history of the African Church should be a record of martyrdom. But there is another, scarcely less significant, feature in the Acts of the Scillitan Saints—a reference to Holy Scripture. Saturninus proconsul dixit: Quae sunt res in capsa vestra? Speratus dixit: Libri et epistolae Pauli, viri justi. Biblical scholar and palaeographer alike find the reference interesting. For the one, there is evidence of the spread of the text of the Bible in North Africa at the end of the second century. For the other, there is the problem of the nature of the book-form in which the scriptures circulated. Recently, however, another aspect has been mentioned, in this Journal, by Dr. W. H. C. Frend in an article on ‘The Gnostic-Manichaean tradition in North Africa’. In this article, Dr. Frend argues that there was in the North African Church, besides the rigorist tradition which produced the Donatists, and the more inclusive and more compromising element, which constituted the strength of the Catholics, a third element, whose outlook was enshrined first in the Gnostics against whom Tertullian fulminated and later in the Manichees, from whom African Catholicism was to draw her most illustrious convert. Dr. Frend argues persuasively for the existence of an historical continuity between the Gnostics and the Manichees, one of his points being that both heretical movements relied extensively on the writings of St. Paul to support their teaching. In this connexion, he writes: ‘Rejection of the Old Testament led in Africa to an almost exaggerated respect for the Epistles of St. Paul, and also for the various Gnostic Ada of the Apostles.

scholarly journals Muhammad(S) And Paul On Jesus: A Comparative Study Of Two Sacred Pillars

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-190
Author(s):  
Keyhanee Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Historical Criticism ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Face ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
The One

This comparative study of Islam and Christianity struggled to reveal the mutual meaningful expressions of God, the creator. The main question to which the article tried to answer is: Who is Jesus Christ for Paul and Muhammad(s)? The significance of countering to this question is being revealed much more through the contemporary issues of hate, and delusions that are influencing all believers in one God. Questioning the human nature and the Lordship of Christ looks like a barrier in dialogues between Islam and Christianity. So, as its primary purpose, Jesus, as the Lord from Paul’s perspective and Isa al-Masih, the son of Maryam from Muhammad’s(s) viewpoint, will be compared through different methods. Like the spiritual interpretation of Joel S. Goldsmith, in which the monotheistic presupposition (worshipping only one God), will implant the axial direction of the examination of the Bible and the Quran. Moreover, through historical criticism, the article will try to clarify the origins of faith in Pauline Christology compare to the doctrine of Tawhid from the Quran and the origin of the Quranic accounts of Christ. Also, through a feminist analysis, the essay will have a critical look at maleness of titles of God in Christianity. In this way, the historical analysis will display the urge of accepting the Quran as the Incarnated word of God for Islam and the importance of Paul as the best witness for Christ. By spiritual interpretation, the meaning of the “form” and the “face” of God in Christianity, and “face”, and the “Rope” of Allah and Al-Rahman in the Quran will validate a mutual notion of divinity for all believers. Also, through the feminist approach framed in the text of the Bible and the Quran, this research will spot the sexless status of the Incarnated Christ after the resurrection, the one who is the Lord of all now, even if is being praised in the new name of Al-Rahman. Thus, in conclusion, this article will suggest mutual findings in Quranic and Biblical Christology and will be ended by spotting the incarnation of the word of God, as the best point of starting a fruitful dialogue between Islam and Christianity.

scholarly journals Redemptive-Historical Approach: Suatu Pendekatan Hermeneutis Injili Yang Kristosentris

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Fitri Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sides

Di satu sisi, penekanan modernisme pada rasionalitas dan historisitas telah menghasilkan kristologi yang kritis-objektif. Di sisi lain, pascamodernisme yang berepistemologi pluralis menghasilkan kristologi yang subjektif. Menanggapi dan menjembatani dua sisi persoalan ini, pendekatan hermeneutis redemptive-historical diajukan sebagai pendekatan alternatif injili. Pendekatan yang berpusat pada Kristus sebagai kulminasi sejarah penebusan (seperti yang disaksikan Alkitab) ini mengaitkan tiga horizon yaitu: textual, epochal, dan canonical untuk menginterpretasikan teks Kitab Suci secara holistik. Pendekatan ini menganalisis sintaksis, konteks sastra, konteks sejarah dan genre-nya (textual horizon), mengaitkannya dengan sejarah penebusan (epochal horizon), dan melihatnya dalam terang keutuhan kanon (canonical horizon). Penggabungan ketiga unsur tersebut menekankan dinamika pemenuhan janji Allah dalam kulminasi tersebut. Dengan demikian, pendekatan hermeneutis redemptive historical dapat mengarahkan orang Kristen pembacaan dan penafsiran Alkitab yang kristosentris. Kata-kata kunci: Pendekatan Redemptive-Historical, Epistemologi, Kristologi Modern Kristologi Pascamodern, Hermeneutika Injili Kristosentris On the one hand, the emphasis of modernism on rationality and historicity has produced a critical-objective Christology. On the other hand, post-modernism with a pluralist epistemology produces subjective Christology. Responding to, and bridging the two sides of this problem, the redemptive-historical hermeneutical approach is proposed as an alternative evangelical approach. The Christ-centered approach as the culmination of the history of redemption (as witnessed to in the Bible) links three horizons, namely: textual, epochal, and canonical to interpret the text of the Scriptures holistically. This approach analyzes syntax, literary context, historical context and its genre (textual horizon), links it to the history of redemption (epochal horizon), and sees it in the light of the canon (canonical horizon). The combination of these three elements emphasizes the dynamic fulfillment of God’s promises. Thus, the historical redemptive hermeneutical approach can lead Christians to read and interpret the Christocentric Bible. Keywords: Redemptive-Historical Approach, Epistemology, Modernist Christology, Post-modernist Christology, Christ-centered Evangelical Hermeneutics

Genesis 1-11 in the Qatsi Film Trilogy

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
Gregory Allen Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Film Studies ◽  
Audience Reception ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Tower Of Babel ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Narratives ◽  
Genesis 1 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Story

This chapter explores the ways cinema appropriates biblical motifs and transforms them, and how those motifs might be received and experienced by viewers. Insofar as it engages more fully film criticism and theory and inquires about audience reception, it reflects the so-called third wave of religion and film studies. While films have taken their inspiration from biblical narratives and characters since the medium’s invention, this contribution, following Adele Reinhartz’s lead, directs our attention to films whose biblical elements may be apparent only to those familiar with the Bible and its cultural interpretation. It focuses on Godfrey Reggio’s critically acclaimed Qatsi trilogy (Koyaanisqatsi, Powaqqatsi, and Naqoyqatsi), which represent cinematic transformations of the primeval history of Genesis 1–11. The ordering of the Cosmos, God’s declaration of its goodness, the command to the first humans to conquer and hold sway over it, human disobedience, the devolution of the created order into increasing violence, and the transgression of boundaries, including the building of the tower of Babel, are all echoed in these films. The films are transformations in the sense that they do not merely allude to the Genesis story or touch upon it in passing; they stay with the passages to which they allude, drawing out the implications of the text, wrestling with interpretive possibilities, offering visual metamorphoses that tantalize the modern imagination. While the character of the original story remains recognizably familiar, the cinematic vesture provides for dazzling transfigurations.

scholarly journals Kierunki działalności sportowo-oświatowej i kulturalnej Łódzkiego Klubu Sportowego w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Piotr Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The operations of the Łódź Sports Club in the interwar period are an important part of the history of sport in the city of Łódź, as well as Poland. The Club’s prestige and successes should be chiefly attributed to the athletes’ and the coaches’ commitment, coupled with the activists’ organisational skills. A historical analysis of the Club’s operations indicates that, in addition to training athletes in various disciplines, the establishment was also involved in a wide range of impressive cultural and educational activities. These centred on organising reading rooms, talks, lectures, social meetings and trips as well as promoting patriotic values and the idea of fair play. Hence, the Club’s educational work was channelled into axiological models of sports competition on the one hand, and into propagating education and culture on the other.

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