Aging and the Aged

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Macey ◽  
Geoffrey C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Shift ◽  
And Migration

Elders are the fastest growing segment of the American population. In 1900, average life expectancy was 47 years. In the 1990s this figure stood at 78 years (Satcher 1996). Thus, not only are there both a higher percentage and a greater number of elderly individuals, but they are living longer, thus presenting a unique opportunity and challenge for geographic research. An earlier summary of the geographic literature on aging details several well-developed themes (Golant et al. 1989). These include residential location and migration patterns, activity patterns, and environmental relationships. The same themes persist and have been joined by work in health and service provision. Newer issues appearing in the literature concern the implications of a spatial shift in the elderly population for personal and environmental outcomes, with both the natural and built environments being the objects of study. A notable characteristic of these geographic studies is their broad range of scales from the macro-level (migration) to the micro-level (daily living space). This chapter seeks to highlight representative and influential contributions made by geographers to our understanding of how these demographic and spatial shifts affect the North American scene and how they will continue to impact America in the twenty-first century. It takes a broad, but selective view of current aging research as geographers are just one group of social scientists studying the elderly population and much collaboration and overlap in interests occur. The objective is not to discuss the findings of individual research, but rather to explore the breadth of issues examined by geographers. Several themes will be explored, including demographics and the components of population change, migration patterns, residential location and housing, service and health delivery, and environmental issues of particular relevance to the elderly population. The aging of populations, and the growing number of older individuals, implies that the spatial mobility of the aged will be a growing force shaping societies. The migration patterns of older persons have attracted considerable attention among scholars in a host of disciplines and have continued to be a research focus in geography.

scholarly journals Decline in rates of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes with increasing age

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730
Author(s):  
KA Melez ◽  
LF Fries ◽  
BS Bender ◽  
T Quinn ◽  
MM Frank
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Subjects

Decreased immune functions have been suggested as a cause for the increased incidence of autoimmunity, malignancy, and infection in the elderly population. To assess the possible role of changes in macrophage function in the aging process we studied the Fc receptor- mediated clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes in 56 healthy normal volunteers by following the removal of radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. An age-related decrease in Fc-mediated clearance rates in both female and male subjects was found, which suggests a physiological decline of this macrophage function in older individuals.

Population Dynamics of Municipalities in Central Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-124
Author(s):  
Irina Kalabikhina ◽  
Denis Mokrensky
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Population Concentration ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Demographic Policy

In this paper we present the results of the analysis of the population change in nonmetropolitan city municipalities by components and concentration of population in the municipalities were investigated, their typologization was developed in accordance with the contribution of various components to population dynamics. The article discusses the limitations of municipal statistics. The methods of average values, the balance equation, and the measures of population concentration are used. The main conclusions confirm the trends of population decline at the second stage of demographic policy, territorial unevenness and concentration of population in administrative centers and the closest settlements to them. Less than 2% of the municipalities in question demonstrate both natural and migratory growth, and in 70% of municipalities both migration and natural components make a contribution to population reduction. The relatively high proportion of the elderly population was observed in the studied municipalities; crude birth and death rates were worse than the average in the district.

Some characteristics of the origin, migration and demographic processes at Sjenica-Pester plateau

2017 ◽  
pp. 429-445
Author(s):  
Salih Selimovic
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Religious Denomination ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Internal Migrations ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The 19Th Century

According to this paper it can be concluded that until the War of Candia, and in particular the Battle of Vienna or the Great Turkish War, the Sjenica-Pester plateau population was mainly Serbian Orthodox with special separate groups such as Vlach shepherds. After the aforementioned wars, the religious denomination and somewhat ethnic structure changed. The existing Serbian population experienced a real exodus during the well-known migrations in 1690 and 1737. The Malisors from Montenegro and highlanders settled in the deserted Pester and Sjenica valley. That was the beginning of the process of Islamization which was completed in the middle of the 19th century. Intense emigration of Orthodox and Muslim population took place during the 19th and 20th centuries. There were multiple causes of dynamic migrations even after the Great Migrations. The natural tendency of Dinaric highlanders to settle in flatter and tamer areas, agrarian overpopulation, wars, rebellions, uprisings, epidemics and religious and political reason were not negligible. Until the breakup of Yugoslavia, internal migrations were the largest and most dinamic, which along with a very low population growth led to depopulation and migration from villages in which only the elderly population remained.

scholarly journals Temporal aggregation of bottom trawling and its implication for the impact on the benthic ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 952-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Daniël van Denderen ◽  
Niels T. Hintzen ◽  
Tobias van Kooten ◽  
Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Temporal Aggregation ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Understanding trawling impacts on the benthic ecosystem depends to a large extent on the ability to estimate trawling activity at the appropriate scale. Several studies have assessed trawling at fine spatial scales yearly, largely ignoring temporal patterns. In this study, we analysed these temporal patterns in beam trawl effort intensity at 90 stations of the Dutch continental shelf of the North Sea for a period of 10 years, at a fine temporal (weekly) and spatial (110 × 70 m) scale using Vessel Monitoring by Satellite (VMS) data. Our results show that trawling is aggregated in time and shows clear seasonality, related to the behavior of the fleet and migration patterns of the target fish species. The temporal patterns affect the overall impact on and the recovery of the benthic community, as is illustrated with a benthic population model. Our results imply that trawling impact studies using high-resolution data like VMS should take account of the possibility of temporal aggregation and seasonality in trawling to improve the assessment of the impact of trawling on the population dynamics of benthos.

scholarly journals Balance Disorders and Their Related Factors Among the Elderly in the Northern Rural Areas of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Shadman Nemati ◽  
◽  
Houshang Gerami ◽  
Zahra Karimi ◽  
Rastin Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
The North ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Guilan Province

Background: Aging is a natural and physiological process. Moreover, balance disorders frequently occur in the elderly and cause many morbidities in this population. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate balance disorders and their related factors in the healthy elderly population of the rural areas of Guilan province, in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 425 individuals over 65 years old were selected by random cluster sampling method from the villages of Rasht, the capital city of Guilan province. After obtaining written consent, the subjects were examined for balance disturbance through gait and balance adjusted scale (GABS) index. The obtained results were reported as frequency. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test and non-parametric regression analysis for non-normally distributed dependent variables. The obtained data were analyzed in software version 18. Results: The Mean±SD score of GABS was 10.07±8.00 [median (IQR):7(10.5)]. A total of 425 individuals were selected, but 413 completed the research (218 males and 195 females). In total, 73.1% of the subjects reported at least one disorder among the investigated parameters, and 45.2% mentioned a disorder in at least one of the studied parameters in medical history. By modified GABS; 42.2% of the subjects reported disorders in at least one of the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Nearly half of the elderly population in the rural areas of the north of Iran suffer from balance disorder. This data was obtained by their medical history and physical examinations.

scholarly journals Review on: Epidemiology of Familial Prospect of Alzheimer’s disease on its prevalence rate on Indian population in future

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1427
Author(s):  
Ponmalai srinivasan ◽  
Kothai R ◽  
Arul B
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Change ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Brain Functions

Alzheimer and Dementia were denoted as continuous decline of Brain functions. It particularly affects those who are in the age between 65 and more. The decline of brain functions cause sudden decline of memory Power, thought Process, using language skill and other learning capability. Proper treatment methods are unavailable for Alzheimer, but with certain medication the deterioration may be delayed. The 2011 population censes reads that there are 104  milions of old people and 53 million are female and 51 million are males. Between 1961 and 2011, the elderly population has increased extensively. The reason for this situation were continuously decreasing fertility rate and reduction in the mortality rate and finally due to development of health care system in India. The Population change leads to the change of fertility rate and mortality rate provide bulge in elderly generation as compared to younger ones. In India, this is very common in rural and urban areas. In State level data of elderly population kerala (12.6%), Goa (11.2%) and Tamilnadu (10.4%) takes first, second and third  respectively. The simple reason was the good healthcare system available in the above said states. The Percentage of Alzheimer affected elders are anticipated from 8% to 19% in 2050. Certainly, therefore young India today will turn in to a rapidly ageing India in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Establishing a Comprehensive Anti-aging Research Center: Experiences and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Jianli Ge ◽  
Jiaoling Huang ◽  
Shasha Geng ◽  
Qingqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Abstract Introduction: Age-related diseases have become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anti-aging researches both at the population and individual levels are still urgently needed. Establishing comprehensive anti-aging research centers is crucial to advancing anti-aging researches. However, few studies have shown guidelines for establishing a comprehensive anti-aging research center. We aim to describe the establishment of a comprehensive anti-aging center, summarize the initial experiences, and discuss limitations, strengths and challenges. Methods: The establishment contains three phases (from October, 2017 to January, 2020), the first phase is assessing the need for anti-aging research by reviewing relevant literatures and investigating the elderly population. The second phase is interpreting the aging-related policies by searching and analyzing China's aging-related policies in recent years on government websites. The third phase is completing the protocol of establishing the center, raising funds for the establishment of the center and selecting the adequate equipment. Results: In phase one, we find improving strategies at the population and individual levels are still needed. Through establishing elderly cohort, we find that many elderly people are with high risk factors of aging. In phase two, we find many age-related policies have been unveiled. In phase three, we complete the protocol of establishing the center based on the results of phase one and two. We also have raised funds and selected equipment for the center. Conclusion: With limited guideline for establishing a comprehensive anti-aging research center, the experience in this paper might help other institutions to build anti-aging research center or program. KEY WORDS: anti-aging; research center; establishing; experience; challenge

scholarly journals Decline in rates of clearance of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes with increasing age

Blood ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Melez ◽  
LF Fries ◽  
BS Bender ◽  
T Quinn ◽  
MM Frank
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract Decreased immune functions have been suggested as a cause for the increased incidence of autoimmunity, malignancy, and infection in the elderly population. To assess the possible role of changes in macrophage function in the aging process we studied the Fc receptor- mediated clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes in 56 healthy normal volunteers by following the removal of radiolabeled autologous erythrocytes. An age-related decrease in Fc-mediated clearance rates in both female and male subjects was found, which suggests a physiological decline of this macrophage function in older individuals.

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