Diagnosis, prognosis, and care planning: ‘information processing’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Banerjee ◽  
Timothy F. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
The Road ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual

Once a general and targeted history, examination, and investigations have been carried out (‘information gathering’), it is time for the dentist and their oral healthcare team to assimilate all of the relevant information in order to formulate a diagnosis, prognosis, and care plan for the individual patient (‘information processing’). Although the detection and diagnostic phases are each discussed separately in this book, an experienced clinician will often accomplish both phases simultaneously. It is vital to remember that diagnosis precedes treatment in all cases. Diagnosis is the art or act of inferring, from its signs and symptoms or manifestations, the nature or cause of an illness or condition. This stage is critical in order to allow the dental team and the patient to appreciate the nature, cause, and severity of the illness or condition. The prognosis is the forecast of the course of a disease or the patient’s response to treatment of the disease. This stage helps the dentist and the patient to understand how easy or difficult the treatment will be to carry out, and it allows assessment of the patient’s motivation to cure the problem. In dentistry, the oral healthcare team can only start the patient off on the road to recovery by restoring form and function to their dentition as well as helping the patient to prevent or control the disease process, so preventing its return. It is then up to the patient whether they follow this advice and maintain their oral health in the future. This plan is the formal itemized management strategy, developed by the dentist and their oral healthcare team, for the individual patient to treat the manifestations of a disease and to control it or prevent it from recurring. It can be divided into phases of therapy (e.g. prevention or control, stabilization or definitive treatment, and review, reassessment, or recall), and it should be adapted and modified during its execution for maximum benefit to the patient. It should take into account unforeseen developments in the course of the disease or the patient’s response to care. It should be written down and made clear to all parties for discussion, so that informed consent can be gained prior to implementation.

Clinical detection: ‘information gathering’

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avijit Banerjee ◽  
Timothy F. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Dental Management ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Clinical Detection ◽  
The Individual

The oral healthcare team (dentist, nurse, hygienist/therapist/oral health educator, laboratory technician, receptionist, practice manager), led by the principal dental practitioner, should all be involved in the decision-making processes and dental management of the patient, as part of the minimum intervention philosophy of oral/dental healthcare (see Figure 1.1 in Chapter 1). This care rationale is patientcentred, engaging with the patient to encourage them to take responsibility for their own oral health. The role of the oral healthcare team is to provide advice and guidance to help the patient to maintain oral health, as well as providing operative treatment to repair damaged hard and soft tissues. Sometimes the dentist will refer difficult cases to a specialist dentist for their opinion as to what the diagnosis and care plan should be. To manage patients successfully, there are five stages that must be followed (see Figure 2.1):… 1. Detecting clinical problems and their aetiology (see Chapter 2): • This involves detective work to help to gather clinically relevant and useful information, primarily using the skills of verbal history taking, oral examination, and relevant special investigations. 2. Diagnosis and risk assessment (see Chapter 3): • The art of interpretation of signs and symptoms/results from investigations to conclude with identifying the cause of the problem and the potential the individual patient has of developing further disease in the future or responding to treatment. Both aspects are critical to planning the overall care of the patient. 3. Prognosis (see Chapter 3): • The art of forecasting the course of a disease or problem, whether treated or not. 4. Formulation of an individualized patient care plan (see Chapters 3 and 4): • This must be underpinned by the non-invasive control of disease and lesion prevention, following the principles of minimum intervention oral care. • The care plan will also include itemized, costed, minimally invasive operative treatments when required. 5. Recall/re-assess/review (see Chapter 9): • Reviewing the outcomes of any care provided, re-assessing the patient’s response to evaluate whether knowledge/behavioural adaptations and adherence have helped to control and/ or prevent disease reoccurrence, and developing adaptive recall strategies/ intervals that are patient-centred, rather than generic and guideline-driven.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Steering Gear Mechanism with Movable Headlights Using Embedded Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-187
Author(s):  
Kemparaju C.R. ◽  
Mohammed Nabeel Ahmed ◽  
B Meghanath ◽  
Mayur Laxman Kesarkar ◽  
Manoj DR
Keyword(s):  
Embedded System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Steering System ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
The Road ◽  
Steering Mechanism ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Individual

The main aim of any design must not solely be targeted on customer satisfaction however conjointly customer safety following this the amount of accidents are witness solely because of poor lighting facilities provided in automobiles on curved road static headlights are insufficient since they point tangential it along any point of curve instead of pointing in the vehicles direction so to avoid this problem steering controlled headlamp system has been projected which might hopefully flip out to be a boon to the individual driving through the sinusoidal roads throughout night times. Special safety features are built into cars for years some for the security of car’s occupants only, and some for the security of others. One among the alternatives available in design and fabrication of steering controlled headlight system. car safety is important to avoid automobile accidents or to minimise the harmful effect of accidents, especially as concerning human life and health. automobiles are controlled by incorporating steering controlled headlight mechanism. The Ackerman steering mechanism helps the motive force to guide the moving vehicles calls on the road by turning it right or left consistent with his needs thus a combination of the steering system and embedded system link kills the headlights within the direction as per the rotation of the steering wheel. this mechanism has been incorporated in BMW, Audi Q-7 and Benz etc., to make sure a safer drive, but our main aim is to implement the system in all vehicles at lower cost.

scholarly journals Determination of the Dynamic Vehicle Model Parameters by Means of Computer Vision

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Daniil A. Loktev ◽  
Alexey A. Loktev ◽  
Alexandra V. Salnikova ◽  
Anna A. Shaforostova
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Deformable Body ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual

This study is devoted to determining the geometric, kinematic and dynamic characteristics of a vehicle. To this purpose, it is proposed to use a complex approach applying the models of deformable body mechanics for describing the oscillatory movements of a vehicle and the computer vision algorithms for processing a series of object images to determine the state parameters of a vehicle on the road. The model of the vehicle vertical oscillations is produced by means of the viscoelastic elements and the dry friction element that fully enough represent the behavior of the sprung masses. The introduced algorithms and models can be used as a part of a complex system for monitoring and controlling the road traffic. In addition, they can determine both the speed of the car and its dynamic parameters and the driving behavior of the individual drivers.

Therapeutic Dilemma in personalized medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehab S. EL Desoky
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Long Time ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

: The practice of medicine depends over a long time on identifying therapies that target an entire population. The increase in scientific knowledge over the years has led to the gradual change towards individualization and personalization of drug therapy. The hope of this change is to achieve a better clinical response to given medications and reduction of their adverse effects. Tailoring of medicine on the road of personalized medicine considers molecular and genetic mapping of the individual. However, many factors still impede the smooth application of personalized medicine and represent challenges or limitations in its achievement. In this article, we put some clinical examples that show dilemmas in the application of personalized medicine such as opioids in pain control, fluoropyrimidines in malignancy, clopidogrel as antiplatelet therapy and oral hypoglycemic drugs in Type2 diabetes in adults. Shaping the future of medicine through the application of personalized medicine for a particular patient needs to put into consideration many factors such as patient’s genetic makeup and life style, pathology of the disease and dynamic changes in its course as well as interactions between administered drugs and their effects on metabolizing enzymes. We hope in the coming years, the personalized medicine will foster changes in health care system in the way not only to treat patients but also to prevent diseases.

Picturing Saul’s Vision on the Road to Damascus: A Question of Authority

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Thompson Prince
Keyword(s):  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Reception History ◽  
The Road ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Personal Authority ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Divine Guidance

Saul’s vision of the risen Jesus on the road to Damascus (Acts 9:1-9) has been a popular theme for artists over the centuries because it expresses something meaningful to both the artists and their audiences. Meaning, however, changes over time. My aim in this article is to explore how and why the narrative of Acts asserts the authority of Saul’s vision and how audience perception of this authority evolved over time, as evident in artistic representations of Saul’s vision. By employing literary and rhetorical analysis, I will clarify the claim that the author of Acts employs this vision as a reliable message from God by exploring two related issues: (1) the centrality of the life of the community to the function of the vision; and (2) the establishment of credibility by means of the shared visionary experiences of unrelated corroborative witnesses. However, as many visual interpretations of Saul’s vision indicate, the conception of this vision encounter as divine guidance for a whole community did not continue to be a central part of its value for later Christians. On the contrary, Paul’s personal authority and/or transformation become(s) the significant outcome of the vision for later audiences. Therefore, this article will also engage in the study of reception history to show how perception of the authority granted to this vision changed over time and ultimately reframed the power of the vision by elevating the transformation of the individual over the transformation of the community.


scholarly journals Taking the show on the road: In-situ clinical simulations’ role in promoting teamwork

2015 ◽  
pp. 425-435
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Current Application ◽  
In Situ Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Clinical Simulations ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Clinical simulations are designed to increase communication and experience among all members of the healthcare team in a low stakes environment. In this study we investigate the current application of in-situ simulation for training and educational purposes at the University of Virginia Health System. One factor we examined includes the impact of the level of fidelity of the simulator on clinician experience. We also looked at the ability to document the situation and if generational differences exist among participants that determine their engagement. We examined types of data collection and examine what data might be useful to collect to determine if simulation improves patient outcomes. We interviewed several facilitators of this approach to divine its applicability to staff education and the potential impact on patient safety. We discovered several key themes including: levels of fidelity, generational differences in acceptance of simulation, difficulties in documentation in the scenario, improvement in communication and the difficulties in quantifying success. Implications included that the level of fidelity is less important than ensuring that the level of fidelity used is matched to the educational objectives and that the scenario created be supported and realistic.

The End of Neo-Kraepelinism

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Jacobs ◽  
David Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
The Road ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual

In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association asserted that its subject matter was straightforwardly medical and created a diagnostic manual—Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.; DSM-III)—consisting of supposedly discrete and independent mental disorders based on what were meant to be low-inference, easily observed sets of symptoms. It was taken for granted that such mental disorders existed and that biological research over time would unearth their specific somatic causes. The idea was to purge psychiatric diagnosis of jargon and unverified and unverifiable psychosocial theories of etiology and thereby place psychiatry on the road to discoveries regarding somatic pathology and causation that has proven so fruitful in the rest of medicine. When DSM-5 is published in 2013, however, biological information about the individual being diagnosed will play the same role as it did in DSM-III—namely, nothing. This article summarizes why adopting medicine as a model for conceptualizing personal distress and social difficulties was and is naïve and misguided. It is time for the mental health industry to stop pretending that psychological difficulties can be reduced to morbid physiology.

scholarly journals Arbeidsinnkludering som en vei til varig arbeidslivstilknytning og et verdig voksenliv: Hvordan metoder for arbeidsinnkludering kan brukes i opplæringen av lærekandidater

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Eva Martinsen Dyrnes ◽  
Dan Roger Sträng
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
The Road ◽  
Upper Secondary Education ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Permanent Work

The labour market in many European countries is changing and for many young people it leads to challenges in gaining a lasting connection to working life. School dropout and deficiencies in their education lead to challenges for many young people on the road to adulthood. Students who find it difficult to complete a vocational education in upper secondary school, now have the opportunity to be training candidates in a practically oriented education with a limited number of competence goals. Work inclusion means that the individual's ability to work will be examined in various ways to increase the possibility of permanent work. However, work inclusion is a complex phenomenon, where several actors may be involved and where the goals and progress plan will vary. This is costly and stressful for both the individual and the society. Working life is a central learning arena within upper secondary education, and there will be a need to facilitate participation in this arena also for students with a need for adapted education.

Gabriel Marcel and the question of human dignity

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marián Palenčár
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Gabriel Marcel ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Social ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Service To Others ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mystery Of Being

AbstractThis article explores the concept of human dignity in the work of French philosopher Gabriel Marcel. It demonstrates how this lesser-known aspect of his philosophical thinking is organic to his work and draws attention to the current relevance of the way he resolves the question of human dignity for philosophy and ethics. The first part of the article looks at the basic ideas behind Marcel’s understanding of man as a being on the road, as unfinished, temporal, in the process of becoming, and creatively open on the road of transcendence to the mystery of being. This is followed by an explanation of Marcel’s criticism of the traditional understanding of human dignity (on both the social and ontological levels), which has degenerated into the formalism. Criticizing this rationalist (Kantian) conception of dignity as a particular kind of power, Gabriel Marcel produces an original conception of existential dignity as weakness—the fragile vulnerable finitude of the human individual. But it is an active weakness/finitude that lies in the ability of the individual to creatively resist attempts to humiliate him and in his effort to recognize his unique human values. Part of this finitude, on the inter-subjective level, is an encounter with the neighbour in love, which is a service to others in defence of man’s weakness. The author draws attention to the fact that Marcel’s conception of human dignity has been partially accepted in philosophy, ethics and bioethics.

The Angiovac Device: Understanding the Failures on the Road to Success

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhane Worku ◽  
Arash Salemi ◽  
Marcus D. D'Ayala ◽  
Robert F. Tranbaugh ◽  
Leonard N. Girardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Embolus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
The Road ◽  
Shunt Thrombosis ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Objective Current percutaneous thromboembolectomy techniques may obviate surgical intervention in high-risk patients with iliocaval thrombus or thrombus of the right side of the heart, but typically require thrombus fragmentation and thrombolysis with associated bleeding and thromboembolic complications. The AngioVac (Angiodynamics, Latham, NY USA) device uses a percutaneous venovenous bypass circuit to aspirate intact thrombus. A review of the literature was performed with regard to the AngioVac device to determine the factors correlating with successful thrombus extraction. Methods A literature search was performed with regard to use of the AngioVac device using the PubMed database. A meta-analysis was not performed given the small size and lack of statistical analysis of the individual reports included. Results Twenty-three reports describing 57 procedures in 56 patients were analyzed. Indications for thrombectomy included iliocaval thrombus in 53% (30), thrombus of the right side of the heart, in 49% (28), pulmonary embolus in 14% (8), and upper extremity venous/Glenn shunt thrombosis in 7% (4). The complete success rate, defined as removal of all thrombus, was 75% (43), with an 11% (6) partial success rate. In 14% (8) of cases, minimal or no thrombus was retrieved. When analyzed by indication, iliocaval thrombus and thrombus of the right side of the heart demonstrated 87% (26) and 82% (23) complete success rates, respectively. Pulmonary embolus demonstrated a significantly lower success rate at 12.5% [1; (P < .001)]. Complications occurred in 12% (7), including six hematomas and one retroperitoneal bleed. Conclusions The AngioVac device offers an excellent alternative to surgical thrombectomy for patients presenting with iliocaval or intracardiac thrombus, with success rates of more than 80%, although it seems that pulmonary emboli are less amenable. Appropriate patient selection can lead to improved outcomes. Larger numbers are needed to make more definite conclusions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document