Antiquarian Dreams: Collections and Competition in the Early Republic

Relic Hunters ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Snead
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Community Of Inquiry ◽  
The West ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Exploration ◽  
Ground Sloths ◽  
Made In

Tales of unusual discoveries made in the limestone caverns of Tennessee and Kentucky began to circulate in the first decade of the nineteenth century. According to Samuel Brown, a doctor based in Lexington, the underground realms presented “scenes so uncommon and so romantic, that the most stupid beholder cannot contemplate them without expressions of the greatest astonishment.” Rather than scholars, however, those delving in the depths were typically miners seeking saltpeter for gunpowder production and other minerals, in the process exposing evidence of earlier visitors to the caves, animal and human. Exploration and exploitation were thus inextricably linked. Brown’s dispatch from the West was accompanied by the bones of fossil mammals and, as if by afterthought, “also an earthen cup, probably Indian, (broken in the carriage).” The significance of fragmentary ground sloths and “the bones of the head of the peccary of South America” found in the caves was debated, but the slight traces of human presence in those subterranean realms also provoked comment. John Clifford, another resident of Lexington, interpreted such ephemeral signs at one location as suggesting that the cave to had . . . been inhabited either by a horde of troglodytes or . . . the scene of some religious mysteries . . . Dead bodies have been found which when first seen were apparently as perfect as at the period when deposited there. . . . “It would be a great desideratum,” he concluded, “to see one of these bodies.” And yet the value to scholarship of the discoveries made in western caves was debatable. The utility of relics as a means to understand the history of the American continent was not universally acknowledged. The scholarly apparatus for pursuing such investigations was meager as well. In particular, the ephemeral character of the community of inquiry interested in the material past—dispersed, divided by class and association, subject to disruption through constant mobility, poor communication, and personal rivalries—had a profound impact on how such relics might be used.

scholarly journals Made in Yugoslavia: Studies in Popular Music

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Laura Emmery
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
New Wave ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comprehensive Discussion ◽  
Made In

Made in Yugoslavia: Studies in Popular Music (edited by Danijela Špirić Beard and Ljerka Rasmussen) is a fascinating study of how popular music developed in post-World War II Yugoslavia, eventually reaching both unsurpassable popularity in the Balkans and Eastern Europe, and critical acclaim in the West. Through the comprehensive discussion of all popular music trends in Yugoslavia − commercial pop (zabavna-pop), rock, punk, new wave, disco, folk (narodna), and neofolk (novokomponovana) − across all six socialist Yugoslav republics, the reader is given the engrossing socio-cultural and political history of the country, providing the audience with a much-needed and riveting context for understanding the formation and the eventual demise of Tito’s Yugoslavia.

Metal Mirrors from Altai Sites of the Xiongnu Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-375
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Tishkin ◽  
Nikolay N. Seregin
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Metal mirrors are important indicators when reconstructing the history of the ancient peoples of Altai on the basis of archaeological materials. Among the latter there are imported products, recorded in the mounds of the Xiongnu time (2nd century BC – 1st century AD). The article gives an overview of the results of a comprehensive study of the mirrors. Only one mirror was found intact, and the rest are represented by fragments. This collection of 19 archaeological items is divided into two groups, reflecting the direction of contacts of the Altai population in this period. The first demonstrates Chinese products that could have entered the region indirectly from the Xiongnu who dominated Inner Asia. Some of them were made in the previous period, but were used for a long time. The analyses of metal alloys from the Yaloman-II site supplements the conclusions made during the visual examination. The second group, through its origin, is associated with the cultures of the so-called Sarmatian circle, whose sites were located to the west of the Altai. A separate section of the article is devoted to a discussion of reconstruction of some aspects of the social history of the nomads and their world.

scholarly journals A History of Twentieth Century Translation Theory and Its Application to Bible Translation

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Andy Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Theoretical Developments

This article studies the development of twentieth century translation theory. This was a period during which significant theoretical contributions were made in both secular and Bible translation circles. These contributions have had a profound impact on the practice of translation throughout the twentieth century and since. The individuals who contributed to the present state of translation theory worked in both secular and Bible translation circles and this article examines contributions from both. A select history of theoretical developments, focusing on the most important ideas relevant to Bible translation work is given in order to examine the impact of such theories in the practice of Bible translation. These include the philosophical approaches of the early twentieth century; the linguistic era of the 1950s and 1960s; the rise of functionalism and descriptive translation studies; and, finally, the emergence of postcolonial and related foreignising approaches.

scholarly journals Woody Allen’s Broadway Danny Rose: Dialoguing with Jewish Tradition

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Bart J. Koet
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
British Empire ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Cultural Consciousness ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

It is the thesis of this article that a secular form of the biblical Exodus pattern is used by Woody Allen in his Broadway Danny Rose. In the history of the Bible, and its interpretation, the Exodus pattern is again and again used as a model for inspiration: from oppression to deliverance. It was an important source of both argument and symbolism during the American Revolution. It was used by the Boer nationalists fighting the British Empire and it comes to life in the hand of liberation theology in South America. The use of this pattern and its use during the seder meal is to be taken loosely here: Exodus is not a theory, but a story, a “Big Story” that became part of the cultural consciousness of the West and quite a few other parts of the world. Although the Exodus story is in the first place an account of deliverance or liberation in a religious context and framework, in Broadway Danny Rose it is used as a moral device about how to survive in the modern wilderness.

scholarly journals Cholera.

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Kaper ◽  
J G Morris ◽  
M M Levine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Despite more than a century of study, cholera still presents challenges and surprises to us. Throughout most of the 20th century, cholera was caused by Vibrio cholerae of the O1 serogroup and the disease was largely confined to Asia and Africa. However, the last decade of the 20th century has witnessed two major developments in the history of this disease. In 1991, a massive outbreak of cholera started in South America, the one continent previously untouched by cholera in this century. In 1992, an apparently new pandemic caused by a previously unknown serogroup of V. cholerae (O139) began in India and Bangladesh. The O139 epidemic has been occurring in populations assumed to be largely immune to V. cholerae O1 and has rapidly spread to many countries including the United States. In this review, we discuss all aspects of cholera, including the clinical microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of the disease. Special attention will be paid to the extraordinary advances that have been made in recent years in unravelling the molecular pathogenesis of this infection and in the development of new generations of vaccines to prevent it.

Zîn-ə Hördemîr: A Lekî Satirical Verse from Lekistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-309
Author(s):  
MUSTAFA DEHQAN
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Oral Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Minor ◽  
North Western ◽  
Made In

With the exception of a minor mention, which Sharaf Khān (b.1543) made in theSharafnāma, the first information about the most southern group of Kurdish tribes in Iranian Kurdistan, the Lek, first became available to modern readers inBustān al-Sīyāḥa, a geographical and historical Persian text by Shīrwānī (1773–1832). These hitherto unknown Lek communities, were probably settled in north-western and northern Luristan, known as Lekistan, by order of Shāh ‘Abbās, who wished in this way to create some support for Ḥusayn Khān, thewālīof Luristan. Many of the centres of Lekî intellectual life in the late Afshārīd and early Zand period, which is also of much importance in that the Zand dynasty arose from it, are located in this geographical area. One has only to call to mind the names of such places as Alishtar (Silsila), Kūhdasht, Khāwa, Nūr Ābād, Uthmānwand and Jalālwand in the most southern districts of Kirmānshāh, and also the Lek tribes of eastern Īlām. The very mention of these cities and villages already sets in motion in one's imagination the parade of Twelver Shiites, Ahl-i Haqq heretics, and non-religious oral literary councils which constitutes the history of Lekî new era. But unfortunately little of this is known in the West and Lekî literature remains one of the neglected subjects of literary and linguistic Kurdish studies. This important oral literature and also some written manuscripts are unpublished and untranslated into western languages. The subject of this article is the translation ofZîn-ə Hördemîr, as an example of a genre of Lekî written literature which also provides linguistic data for the Lekî dialect of southern Kurdish.

The Political Science of Political Science

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. M. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
General Study ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Made In

PROFESSOR LAZARSFELD ONCE REFERRED TO SOCIOLOGY AS BEING IN A sense a residuary legatee, the surviving part of a very general study, out of which specializations have successively been shaped.The same might be said of political science. In the West the first deliberate and reflective studies of political life were made in Greece at the end of the th century BC, and in the succeeding century. The histories of Herodotus and Thucydides, some of the pamphlets attributed to Xenophon, above all the normative and empirical studies of Plato and Aristotle were among the direct ancestors of contemporary political science. Parallel examples are to be found in the intellectual history of China, India and Islam. It seems that at certain stages in the development of great societies questions of legitimacy, power and leadership assume supreme importance; and intense intellectual effort, using the best analytical tools available, is devoted to the study of man as brought to a focus in the study of politics.

Some Eighteenth Century Ferryhouses in Appin, Lorn, Argyll: the Development of the Single-Storeyed Mortared Stone Cottage in the West Highlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 243-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan W. MacKie
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

The evolution of the single-storeyed mortared stone cottage in the western highlands of Scotland seems to mirror that of the upper strata of late seventeenth and eighteenth century clan society in the region, and in particular to reflect a little of the disintegration of that society after the two failed Stuart uprisings and its consequent gradual integration with the lowland economy. An analysis of the architectural history of the Ferry House (let to the ferryman as a combined inn and home for his family) at Port Appin provides a foundation for the survey. The earliest part of the building, probably thatched, may well date from the 1740s but already it had lintelled hearths with flues in each gable wall - a lowland urban feature. A major extension with a slate roof was built in about 1770 and the earlier part was probably also slated at this time and subdivided inside to provide rooms for wealthier guests. Thereafter only relatively minor internal improvements were made, in the newer half, until the early 1950s when piped water was introduced and a separate bathroom and kitchen built. The cottages were sold to incomers not long after.A study of other ferries in the area confirms that mortared cottages almost identical to those in Port Appin, and in identical situations, are still to be found at two of these. The one on the south side of the abandoned Rugarve ferry over Loch Creran can also be dated to between about 1750 and 1770 from historical evidence. Also at Rugarve, on the north side, are the remains of a more primitive thatched drystone cottage, probably an early ferry house, which is smaller than the others and lacks hearths with chimneys.

The Early History of the Baghdād Boil

1934 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Elgood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Early History ◽  
Superficial Ulcer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Made In

The last few years have seen a great and almost universal interest in the history of medicine. It is strange that, in spite of the researches that have been made in the epidemics and diseases of ancient times, none of the writers who have worked on the various aspects of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, as the Baghdād Boil is called in medical languagehas been able to trace the history of the disease before the nineteenth century. It is not as though it were a disease that could have escaped the notice of the ancients. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is characterized by a superficial ulcer, sometimes as large as the top of a coffee cup, which runs a slow and protracted course. It is not as though it were a disease confined to some distant and uncivilized part of the globe. It is found in South America, North Africa, and all over the Middle and Near East. Why, then, is there no history of the disease ? Where did it start ? Who can claim the honour of introducing the Bouton de Biskra into Moroccothe Baghdād Boil into 'Irāq, the Delhi Boil into India, and the Tropical Sore into non-tropical Persia ?

Republican Romans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushma Malik
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
The State ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
The West ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morally Ambiguous Characters ◽  
A Site

This article considers how the Roman Republic could function as a site of decadence for both ancient writers and later critics. While Imperial Rome and its colorful emperors frequently appear in fin-de-siècle literature and artwork, the Roman Republic was also home to a host of morally ambiguous characters. The early Republic is perhaps better known for its heroes—Brutus, Horatius, Cloelia, or Mucius—but even within the characterizations of these seemingly virtuous Romans there is room for accusations of lateness, inadequacy, and decline. The hallmarks of decadence can be found in the long history of Rome, from its foundation through to its “fall” in the West. As such, the moral and material stagnation that is so familiar from decadent references to Imperial Rome can be usefully understood as a result of the decline that was always present in the state and appears even in the biographies of its most illustrious citizens.

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