The Education Gap in Political Participation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bovens ◽  
Anchrit Wille
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Internet Activism ◽  
Education Gap ◽  
Almost All

With the help of social survey data, we investigate educational differences in political participation. We look at a range of political activities: spectator activities, voting, membership of political parties, and non-electoral activities, such as signing petitions and joining demonstrations, boycotts and buycotts. Also, we investigate new forms of political engagement, such as internet activism and participation in deliberative settings. Educational differences are manifest in almost all forms of political activity. But for some forms, especially the newer ones, the gap is larger than for others. The well-educated are not only over-represented in numbers; they also are more active, on average, than those with lesser educational qualifications. The more demanding the act of participation is, the more likely it is it will be disproportionately engaged in by higher educated citizens.

The Politics of the Mundane

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
ROBERTO F. CARLOS
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Political Inequality ◽  
Political Events

Extensive research on political participation suggests that parental resources strongly predict participation. Other research indicates that salient political events can push individuals to participate. I offer a novel explanation of how mundane household experiences translate to political engagement, even in settings where low participation levels are typically found, such as immigrant communities. I hypothesize that experiences requiring children of Latinx immigrants to take on “adult” responsibilities provide an environment where children learn the skills needed to overcome the costs associated with participation. I test this hypothesis using three datasets: a survey of Latinx students, a representative survey of young adults, and a 10-year longitudinal study. The analyses demonstrate that Latinx children of immigrants taking on adult responsibilities exhibit higher levels of political activity compared with those who do not. These findings provide new insights into how the cycle of generational political inequality is overcome in unexpected ways and places.

Obamacares: Candidate Traits, Descriptive Representation, and Black Political Participation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Stout
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Descriptive Representation ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Black Candidates ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
American National Election Study ◽  
Statistical Mediation Analysis ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhile a number of studies demonstrate that black candidates have the ability to increase black political participation, a growing literature is investigatingwhydescriptive representation matters. This paper contributes to this discussion by exploring whether perceptions of candidate traits play a mediating role between the presence of an African American candidate on the ballot and increases in black political activity. I test this trait hypothesis using data from the 1992–2012 American National Election Study, a survey experiment, and statistical mediation analysis. The results indicate that perceptions of black candidates as being better leaders, more empathetic, knowledgeable, intelligent, honest, and moral explain a substantial amount of why descriptive representation increases black political participation across a range of different political activities. In the conclusion, I discuss the importance of the psychological link between blacks and their co-racial representatives in inspiring higher levels of political participation.

Beyond the limits: involvement in illegal political activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Dahl ◽  
Håkan Stattin
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Simultaneous Model

The purpose of this study is to examine the adolescents who cross the boundaries of legality, also including illegal political means in their political action repertoire. The data comprised of questionnaire responses from middle and late adolescents in a Swedish city of around 130,000 citizens. Analyses of covariance, EXACON, and logistic regression were used to examine the extent to which adolescents including illegal political activities in their political activity repertoire compare with their legally oriented counterparts. Adolescents using illegal political activity reported higher levels of political interest and goal-orientation than adolescents involved solely in legal political activity. The major contrasts with legal political activism were that illegal political activism seemed to co-occur with (a) reluctance to accept authority, irrespective of the context (societal, school, or parental) and (b) approval of violent political means. In a simultaneous model, further analysis revealed that reluctance to accept authority reduced the predictive power of illegal political activities with regard to approval of political violence. This suggests that the tendencies to approve of political violence, among adolescents involved in illegal political activities, might be partially explained by challenges toward authority. To conclude, adolescents in illegal political activism seem to have similar resources for political engagement as their legally oriented counterparts. However, adolescents involved in illegal political activity seem more likely to let ends justify the means. Most likely, this position is related to authority challenges.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Financial Effect of Corporate Political Activities: The Case of Listed Canadian Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Saidatou Dicko
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Corporate Political Activities ◽  
Key Resources

Corporate political activities can bring genuine political capital to firms and are an effective way to access key resources to boost financial capital and maximize profits. These activities fall into three categories: coopting ex-politicians to decision-making bodies (board of directors and top management) to benefit from their social capital; lobbying to directly influence public policy; and making financial contributions to the activities of political parties and committees. This study asks the following question: what is the combined effect of two of these activities (political connections and lobbying) on the financial and accounting indicators of Canadian listed companies? We argue that engaging in corporate political activities allows firms to accumulate a type of political capital that we define as the sum of all political activities conducted by an individual company. To perform our research, we analyzed Canadian companies listed on the S&P/TSX composite index from 2012 through 2016. Results show that firms with this type of political capital are generally in a better financial position than those without it. A significant correlation was found between a firm’s political capital and its main sources of financing (equity and long-term debt) as well as with its ROE. Political capital has more positive impacts on key firm financial indicators than does each type of political activity on its own (synergistic effect).

De niet-aanwezige burger midden de jaren zeventig

Res Publica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Anne Cleymans
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
The One

The object of this article is to focus on a survey on political participation in Belgium in the mid seventies. By political participation, the author refers to a set of political  activities - conventional and less conventional, electoral and pre-electoral - which are hierarchical structured on a Guttman scale.Although the research is more or less unique - in Belgian terms - in this respect, the results are at first glance compatible with earlier findings. Most Belgians are rather passive citizens; 30 % of the survey sample performs none of the activities integrated in the scale.A closer look learns that male, middle aged citizens with some education and a decent job are most involved in polities, but it reveals also that gender, age, socio-economie class and educational attainment are not the one and only reliable predictors of political  activity.

The History of the Transformation of Internet Activism in Belarus (on the Example of Political Protests of 2020—2021)

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6 (104)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sergey Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Internet Activism ◽  
Protest Activity

The article examines the problem of political participation in the digital environment on the example of protest activity observing in Belarus. It is shown that modern Internet technologies make it easy to combine new forms of civic activism with offline practices through social media and Telegram channels. It is argued that social networks and Internet activism in general indirectly form the political agenda and are significant factors in the creation of public reflection on political processes. New forms of civil interaction have appeared in digital reality, which were impossible without online technologies, and before the surge of protest activity in the post-Soviet space were considered insignificant quasi-political participation of the minority. Whole communicative autonomous systems created in social networks and messenger applications allow political activity bypassing traditional rules and frameworks, which, according to the author, is nothing more than a qualitative transformation and complication of political participation, both structurally and in scale. The Belarusian format of the protest showed that in the current conditions the success of a political campaign may not be due to clear coordination and competent management emanating from the core of protest. Analyzing political cases, it is concluded that modern protest practices, decentralized formed in the network, in an offline manifestation are very mobile and do not require significant expenditure of forces and resources. In conclusion, the author concludes that political participation in Belarus, conditioned by Internet resources and advanced technologies, from 2020 to 2021 acquired the features of a conventional active opposition political movement, although historically, political absenteeism prevailed in the country's civil society. Thus, the events in Belarus under consideration are unique and are a sign of more global modern transformations of politics.

Immigrants, Citizenship and Political Action in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Just ◽  
Christopher J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Definition Of

Little is known about how immigrants participate in politics and whether they transform political engagement in contemporary democracies. This study investigates whether citizenship (as opposed to being foreign-born) affects political and civic engagement beyond the voting booth. It is argued that citizenship should be understood as a resource that enhances participation and helps immigrants overcome socialization experiences that are inauspicious for political engagement. The analysis of the European Social Survey data collected in nineteen European democracies in 2002–03 reveals that citizenship has a positive impact on political participation. Moreover, citizenship is a particularly powerful determinant of un-institutionalized political action among individuals who were socialized in less democratic countries. These findings have important implications for debates over the definition of and access to citizenship in contemporary democracies.

scholarly journals Political Activism in Serbia

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-385
Author(s):  
Jelisaveta Petrović ◽  
Dragan Stanojević
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Political Consumption ◽  
National Representative Sample

AbstractThe authors examine the characteristics and factors shaping political activism in Serbia. Their analysis is based on a national representative sample (N = 2,211). Their research findings show that in general, Serbian citizens are more inclined to pursue certain unconventional or newer forms of political activism such as ethical and political consumption and petition-signing than older forms of political participation. Certain traditional political activities are still practised, such as membership of political parties and making direct contact with politicians, while newer ones like occupation of public spaces and protest activities are relatively rare. The analyses demonstrate that participation in both traditional and newer forms of politics becomes more likely as resources available to individuals increase, both economic and educational. Traditional forms of political participation tend to be increasingly preferred as people become older, while the unconventional forms are more popular among the younger generation.

scholarly journals Relasi Pertukaran Sosial antara Masyarakat dan Partai Politik

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Nofal Liata
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Political Awareness ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Symbiotic Mutualism

The study aims to discuss the social exchange relationship "symbiotic mutualism" mutual benefit between society and political parties. The author sees, the community's perspective saw political activity it is still perceived as something dirty, tends to apathy, not as a means of political struggle to make a profit.  The purpose of this study is to uncover more conceptual facts of favorable relationships to two parties so that political activity is then a place of healthy and conducive struggle, which is not contrary to the rules of the law.  The method of collecting data in this study is to use the primary data of political sociology core literacy, then to use secondary data on the relevance of social reality to strengthen primary data. This study of the symbiotic mutualism relationship is very beneficial to build the political awareness of the community and the elite of political parties to support development, whether it is the development of material and non-material, so that political activities become beneficial for all circles, not even in the left.

scholarly journals AKUNTANSI PARTAI POLITIK

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kariyoto Kariyoto
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
General Election ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Almost All

<p>Accounting for Political Parties. Healthy political parties, credible and capable of running the General Election held in a democratic, honest and fair is the capital of democracy credible. Democracy is a credible government authorized the creation of a solid and authoritative with effective control of the institution legistalif. Credible democracy is not possible without transparency and clear accountability mechanisms for the financing of political activities, both financial and political party financing of the General Election. This financial accountability requires transparency of financial accounting standards for political parties, political party auditing guidelines, and the existence of guidelines, regulations, and procedures for financial reporting on the activities of the General Election campaign for political parties. One of the major problems that arise are the accounting standards. In the meantime, the existing accounting standards, namely Principle of Financial Accounting Standards 45, the accounting standards made for non-profit organization that Indonesia Institute of Accountants (IAI )is also used for political parties. (PSAK) 45 is not sufficient to accommodate the characteristics of different political parties with other nonprofit organizations. Therefore, this study recommends a modification or specific guidelines for financial accounting standard for political parties. This article we hope will encourage various parties, in this Parliament, the Commission, the Supreme Court and the Association of Accounting Indonesia to sit together and agree on specific accounting standards for political parties including campaign funds. This paper hopefully be a reference, although subject to change according to the Law on Political Parties and Elections are currently being discussed in Parliament. Accounting standards in this paper can be a reference to the new legislation. Reflecting the general election of 2009 was the lack of management, accountability and control of financing of political activities. Almost all political parties having problems financing of political activities, including the financing of legislative elections that followed the political campaign. Weak financial systems has led to uncontrolled political money (money politics), which involves  almost all political parties in elections.</p>

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