Mission Composition and Mechanisms of Peacekeeping

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Bove ◽  
Chiara Ruffa ◽  
Andrea Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Research Mission ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions

This chapter introduces the analytical and theoretical framework for the entirety of the book. First, it establishes three key concepts for this research: mission composition, diversity, and distance. These concepts are used to explore whether and how differences within peacekeepers, between the peacekeepers and the local populations, and as well as between the leaders of the operation affect the performances of the operation. Second, it reviews the current analytical toolbox of peacekeeping missions and highlights the limitations of only conceptualizing peacekeeping missions as present or absent and in terms of mission size. Third, it presents four new mechanisms through which mission diversity shapes its effectiveness: Informative Trust, Informative Communicability, Resolve Deterrence, and Skilled Persuasion.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Commercial Environment

This chapter introduces the concept of extralegal groups and a theoretical framework for analyzing them—how they emerge, develop, and become entrenched over time. It explores their dual nature as threats to the state and as local statebuilders. Formally, an extralegal group is defined as a set of individuals with a proven capacity for violence who work outside the law for profit and provide basic governance functions to sustain its business interests. This framing shows how political authority can develop as a by-product of the commercial environment, even where the state has little or no presence. In post-conflict societies, the predatory nature and historical abuses of citizens conducted in the name of the state means that government is not always more trusted or better able to look after the interests of local populations than an extralegal group. Ultimately, extralegal groups blur the lines between the formal and informal; the licit and illicit.

scholarly journals diffMOOC: Differentiated Learning Paths Through the Use of Differentiated Instruction within MOOC

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane Sophia Tahiri ◽  
Samir Bennani ◽  
Mohamed Khalidi Idrissi
Keyword(s):  
Differentiated Instruction ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Learning Paths ◽  
Differentiated Learning

Diversifying learning practices and situations helps learners to better regulate their learning with deep understanding, which improves learning outcomes. Accordingly, this paper presents our vision of a differentiation system of learning paths within MOOC. Promising beginning point for this vision would be to determine new factors that directly affect the success rate. Then, we introduce the theoretical framework of differentiated instruction, which represents the key component of the proposed system. Finally, we implement some key concepts in differentiation and some techniques for assigning learners into groups in order to differentiate learning paths. The main purpose of the proposed contribution is to optimize learning situations of each learner according to his needs. As a result reducing the proportion of learners in a situation of failure and thereby improving the success rate.

scholarly journals Distributive Justice: From Steinhaus, Knaster, and Banach to Elster and Rawls — The Perspective of Sociological Game Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Ewa Roszkowska ◽  
Nora Machado des Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Fair Division ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Organization Section

Abstract This article presents a relatively straightforward theoretical framework about distributive justice with applications. It draws on a few key concepts of Sociological Game Theory (SGT). SGT is presented briefly in section 2. Section 3 provides a spectrum of distributive cases concerning principles of equality, differentiation among recipients according to performance or contribution, status or authority, or need. Two general types of social organization of distributive judgment are distinguished and judgment procedures or algorithms are modeled in each type of social organization. Section 4 discusses briefly the larger moral landscapes of human judgment – how distribution may typically be combined with other value into consideration. The article suggests that Rawls, Elster, and Machado point in this direction. Finally, it is suggested that the SGT framework presented provides a useful point of departure to systematically link it and compare the Warsaw School of Fair Division, Rawls, and Elster, among others.

Creative London? Investigating New Modalities of Work in the Cultural Industries

2008 ◽  
pp. 3807-3819
Author(s):  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This chapter considers the emergence of the discourse of creativity in contemporary economic, political, and social life, and the characteristics of emerging labour markets in the cultural industries. In particular it is concerned with analysing the working experiences of a number of individuals working in the cultural industries in London. Using a critical theoretical framework of understanding, it examines the importance of cultural capital, subjectivisation, governmentality, network sociality, and individualization as key concepts for understanding the experience of labour in the creative economy. This chapter considers how creative individuals negotiate the precarious, largely freelance, deregulated and de-unionised terrain of contemporary work. As the economic becomes increasingly inflected by the cultural in contemporary social life, the terrain of experience of individuals working in these expanding sectors has been neglected in cultural studies. This chapter seeks to critically intervene in this area, arguing that the “creative” turn in contemporary discourse can be seen to mask emergent inequalities and exploitative practices in the post-industrial employment landscape.

Attitude Psychology and Virtue Epistemology

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-70
Author(s):  
Alessandra Tanesini
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Intellectual Virtues ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Epistemic Agency ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Cognitive Dimensions

Virtue ethicists and epistemologists have generally presumed that virtue and vices are real psychological states or traits amenable to empirical study. There is, however, no agreement on the psychological constructs that may play this role. This chapter introduces the apparatus of attitude psychology that, in the author’s view, supplies a theoretical framework suitable to understand those intellectual vices which in Chapter 2 have been described as defects in epistemic agency. The approach throws light on the affective, motivational, and cognitive dimensions of the vices which are under scrutiny in this book. The chapter provides an overview of key concepts in attitude psychology including that of an attitude as a summary evaluation of its object. It makes a case that attitudes are the causal bases of intellectual virtues and vices. It concludes by addressing various objections to the framework and briefly addresses the questions raised by the situationist criticism of virtue epistemology.

Creative London? Investigating New Modalities of Work in the Cultural Industries

2007 ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Contemporary Work ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This chapter considers the emergence of the discourse of creativity in contemporary economic, political, and social life, and the characteristics of emerging labour markets in the cultural industries. In particular it is concerned with analysing the working experiences of a number of individuals working in the cultural industries in London. Using a critical theoretical framework of understanding, it examines the importance of cultural capital, subjectivisation, governmentality, network sociality, and individualization as key concepts for understanding the experience of labour in the creative economy. This chapter considers how creative individuals negotiate the precarious, largely freelance, deregulated and de-unionised terrain of contemporary work. As the economic becomes increasingly inflected by the cultural in contemporary social life, the terrain of experience of individuals working in these expanding sectors has been neglected in cultural studies. This chapter seeks to critically intervene in this area, arguing that the “creative” turn in contemporary discourse can be seen to mask emergent inequalities and exploitative practices in the post-industrial employment landscape.

A Disquisition on Cartographic Style and Taste: with Attendant Remarks upon Aesthetics, Clarity, Design, and Mapicity

2012 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Denil
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Interpretive Community ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Definition Of

The discussions and findings of the 2012 NACIS Conference Aesthetics of Mapping sessions both turned and stumbled upon the definition of terms like aesthetics, clarity, and style. This paper attempts to situate these key concepts, along with others such as design, taste, and mapicity, in a broad and flexible theoretical framework that will facilitate a useful and applicable understanding. A structure is proposed wherein a map, a rhetorical object which exists under the aegis of mapicity (which is that quality of map-ness that makes a map a map), is brought into being through an aesthetic act of design. Design, which has both theoretical and craft aspects, governs the form of the artifact through adherence to conventional practices identifiable as styles. The balance between the choices available is a matter of taste, wherein the schema of mapicity is manifested judgmentally. Clarity, currently seen as a desirable attribute, is one of a range of aesthetic attributes contingently defined by the cultural interpretive community that provides the schema of mapicity.

scholarly journals The Study’s Origins and Methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Daniela Bandelli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
International Debate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
United States Mexico

AbstractThis chapter discusses the origin, spirit, objectives and methodology of this study on the surrogacy international debate. The aim of this study is to explain the politics of signification on surrogacy carried out especially by the women’s movement, verifying how it is contributing to the public discourse and policies on the subject, how it is being organized, as well as dividing, and how the proposed instances fit into global discourses and are recontextualized on the basis of social specificities. These aims are pursued through three case studies in the United States, Mexico and Italy. The key concepts of the theoretical framework of the research will also be described in this chapter, such as: the women’s movement, diagnostic and prognostic frames.

The Social Function of Business Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Jeurissen
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions

Abstract:Business ethics serves the important social function of integrating business and society, by promoting the legitimacy of business operations, through critical reflection. Although the social function of business ethics is implicit in leading business ethics foundation theories, it has never been presented in a systematic way. This article sets out to fill this theoretical lacuna, and to explore the theoretical potentials of a functional approach to business ethics. Key concepts from Parsonian functionalistic sociology are applied to establish the social integrative function of business ethics. This produces a theoretical framework for business ethics that provides strong theoretical arguments against often-heard criticisms of business ethics. Many of these criticisms are ideological in nature, in that they systematically play down the importance of integrative functions in the business-society relationship, on the grounds of unrealistic assumptions about the performance of economic and bureaucratic institutions. However, business ethics itself can also become ideological, if it forgets that the conditions for the application of ethics to business are not always ideal as well.

Power, Wealth, and Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. Sample
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Transition Theory ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Power Transition ◽  
Structural Effects ◽  
Power Transition Theory ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Perfect Storm

Power transition theory (PTT) has had a progressive research program for more than half a century. In spite of this, one of its key concepts, satisfaction, has remained undertheorized. A compelling theory explaining why growth would make some states dissatisfied in the context of power transitions and others satisfied has not been articulated. It is argued here that satisfaction must be theorized at two levels of analysis: the global and the dyadic. The key to distinguishing satisfied versus dissatisfied states at the global level lies in specifically differentiating between the structural effects of changing power and the satisfying effect of increasing wealth. At the dyadic level, conflict over territory creates a perfect storm of state dissatisfaction. The study develops a theoretical framework for a multilevel understanding of satisfaction and its impact and tests it across politically relevant dyads from 1950 to 2001. The evidence strongly supports the hypotheses.

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