Freedom of Research Area

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Weatherson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Freedom Of Research ◽  
Continued Employment ◽  
Over Time

Some writers have said that academic freedom should extend to giving academics complete freedom over what they choose to research. I argue against this: it is consistent with academic freedom for universities to hire people to research particular subjects, and to make continued employment conditional on at least some of the academic’s research being in the areas they were hired to work in. In practice, many academics think that their fellow academics should be free to choose to work on anything that’s within the disciplinary boundaries of the department they were hired into. I argue that’s both too narrow and too broad. Academic freedom implies that researchers should be allowed to have their research focus drift over time. But the boundaries of permissible drift do not correspond to anything like the boundaries of contemporary academic departments.

scholarly journals Is there an imbalance in the supply and demand for universal accessibility knowledge? Twenty years of UAIS papers viewed through the lens of WCAG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frode Eika Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
North America ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Universal Accessibility ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Research Profile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractPurpose: Some universal accessibility practitioners have voiced that they experience a mismatch in the research focus and the need for knowledge within specialized problem domains. This study thus set out to identify the balance of research into the main areas of accessibility, the impact of this research, and how the research profile varies over time and across geographical regions. Method: All UAIS papers indexed in Scopus were analysed using bibliometric methods. The WCAG taxonomy of accessibility was used for the analysis, namely perceivable, operable, and understandable. Results: The results confirm the expectation that research into visual impairment has received more attention than papers addressing operable and understandable. Although papers focussing on understandable made up the smallest group, papers in this group attracted more citations. Funded research attracted fewer citations than research without funding. The breakdown of research efforts appears consistent over time and across different geographical regions. Researchers in Europe and North America have been active throughout the last two decades, while Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Middle East became active in during the last five years. There is also seemingly a growing trend of out-of-scope papers. Conclusions: Based on the findings, several recommendations are proposed to the UAIS editorial board.

scholarly journals Sequential Recommender Systems: Challenges, Progress and Prospects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoujin Wang ◽  
Liang Hu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Longbing Cao ◽  
Quan Z. Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recommender Systems ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Precise Characterization ◽  
Content Based Filtering ◽  
Over Time

The emerging topic of sequential recommender systems (SRSs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Different from the conventional recommender systems (RSs) including collaborative filtering and content-based filtering, SRSs try to understand and model the sequential user behaviors, the interactions between users and items, and the evolution of users’ preferences and item popularity over time. SRSs involve the above aspects for more precise characterization of user contexts, intent and goals, and item consumption trend, leading to more accurate, customized and dynamic recommendations. In this paper, we provide a systematic review on SRSs. We first present the characteristics of SRSs, and then summarize and categorize the key challenges in this research area, followed by the corresponding research progress consisting of the most recent and representative developments on this topic. Finally, we discuss the important research directions in this vibrant area.

scholarly journals Regional Development in Poland in Taxonomic Terms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Klóska ◽  
Elżbieta Ociepa-Kicińska ◽  
Rafał Czyżycki ◽  
Piotr Szklarz
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Statistical Point ◽  
Provinces Of Poland ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Over Time

Regional development is a complex economic category and a commonly used term today, yet it is vaguely defined and, therefore, interpreted implicitly and understood intuitively. From a statistical point of view, this concept, on account of its imprecision and ambiguity, is a kind of multidimensional characteristic which may be measured, though not conclusively. Due to the lack of a universal set of diagnostic variables adopted in taxonomic analyses, the quantitative approach to the examined research area, which is in most cases presented descriptively, poses the main problem. The objectives of the article are to rank the provinces of Poland in terms of regional development in the years 2006–2018 and to assess the similarity of results over time. The research study is based on linear ordering methods within the scope of multidimensional statistical analysis. The results of the conducted analyses allowed us to rank the provinces of Poland in terms of regional development in the years 2006–2018 and to assess the similarity of the results over time. The results of the analysis indicate a clear stabilization of high ranked positions during the examined period, last places are generally taken by the same regions. This situation may indicate an increase or at least strengthening of the disproportions between the most and least developed regions in Poland. Theoretical considerations presented in the article as well as the empirical results of our own research may provoke more detailed discussion on the subject.

scholarly journals Crossing disciplinary boundaries in forest research: An international challenge

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M Hickey ◽  
Craig R Nitschke
Keyword(s):  
Academic Departments ◽  
Forest Research ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Interdisciplinary Programs ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
Disciplinary Perspective ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Complex Environmental Problems

It is generally recognized that improving our understanding of forest-related research problems will involve amalgamating knowledge and methods from different disciplines. The presence of complex values within complex systems has persuaded many scientists engaged in forestry-related research to begin exploring cross-disciplinary paradigms in order to transcend the limitations of traditional disciplinary thinking. It has been suggested that authentic interdisciplinary programs in the sciences remain rare and that academic departments, academic supervisors and funding agencies present the main barriers to effective cross-disciplinary research among scientists. Despite these barriers, scientists around the world are increasingly approaching their research problems from a cross-disciplinary perspective to provide meaningful solutions to complex environmental problems. Key words: cross-disciplinary, interdisciplinary, forest research, complexity

Nonlinear Regression Analysis of Herbicide Absorption Studies

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kniss ◽  
Joseph D. Vassios ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Christian Ritz
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Absorption Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Important Research Area ◽  
Standardized Method ◽  
Treatment Structure ◽  
Over Time

Although foliar herbicide absorption has been studied intensively, there is currently no standardized method for data analysis when evaluating herbicide absorption over time. Most peer-reviewed journals require the treatment structure of data be incorporated in the analysis; however, many herbicide absorption studies published in the past 5 yr do not account for the time structure of the experiment. Herbicide absorption studies have been presented in a variety of ways, making it difficult to compare results among studies. The objective of this article is to propose possible nonlinear models to analyze herbicide absorption data and to provide a stepwise framework so that researchers may standardize the analysis method in this important research area. Asymptotic regression and rectangular hyperbolic models with similar parameterizations are proposed, so that the maximum herbicide absorption and absorption rate may be adequately modeled and statistically compared among treatments. Adoption of these models for herbicide absorption analysis over time will provide a standardized method making comparison of results within and among studies more practical.

scholarly journals Comparison and Transition of Research Focus on Application of IT in Education

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Keyword Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

The application of Information Technology (IT) in education has opened new scenarios for this ancient process. With rapidly changing field of IT, the adoption of IT in education has been changed drastically. It is quite difficult for researchers to keep pace with changing research trends. An analysis based on the keywords could provide a synopsis on the use of IT in education. The keywords can be extracted and clustered to draw a sketch of trend changes over time. In this paper, we propose two empirical methods based on classic TF/IDF, i.e., overall rating (OR) and dynamic character (DC) of a keyword for in-depth keyword analysis to examine changing trends in research. The method help in disclosing time based changes in research focuses by comparing TF/IDF weights of keywords in different years. A total of 8131 scholarly articles from 12 well recognized journals were used in this analysis. The analysis shows that proposed methods provide sufficient insight into the research trends of application of IT in education in 11 years, i.e., 2007-2017.

scholarly journals Food Cuisine Authenticity and its Implementation Barriers in Lahore - Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Ahmed Bostani ◽  
Ali Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Imlaq ◽  
Ubaidullah Javid
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Food Authenticity ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Food Hubs ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Food Cultures ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

The main research area Lahore - Pakistan, is one of the country's leading food hubs offering a variety of food to its domestic customers and international tourists. That does not only cause economic gains but also incorporate with different food cultures in one place. It is not easier to incorporate culture and offer the very best food for its origin. Throughout the process, the question arises whether the food served is authentic or has changed over time into fusion food due to the greater travel distance. In the city of Lahore, research was done from Eighty - Seven food establishments. Serving Authenticity is a daunting task, with only twenty-one of these eighty-seven serving the authentic food. But they are again facing a lot of trouble throughout the process that in some places they are forced to use local ingredients or some nearby fusion food. This is not due to a lack of skills ability, but food organizations face various food problems because of low food shelf life or other issues such as import costs or customer affordability. The nearest solution has also been discussed, which can ensure food authenticity more than ever.

scholarly journals Interessekonflikter i forskning: Om forskningens saksorienterte forpliktelse

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Rune Nydal ◽  
Berge Solberg ◽  
Bjørn Myskja
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Freedom Of Research ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Interest In Research

Researchers are increasingly challenged to adjust to interests defined outside their own disciplinary boundaries. This follows from more or less explicit expectations to seek interdisciplinary collaboration and partnership within the private and public sectors. How can researchers identify and handle conflicts of interest in this situation? To answer this question, we first defend the validity of the traditional ideal of disinterested research. This ideal still provides a key guideline for identifying conflicts of interest in research: the freedom of research. This freedom should not, however, be misunderstood as disciplinary confinement or as freedom to ignore societal interests. We suggest that the crucial issue is the freedom and duty to be oriented towards the subject matter itself.

scholarly journals Examining the Idea of the ‘Vulnerable Student’ to Assess the Implications for Academic Freedom

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Stuart Waiton
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Student Wellbeing ◽  
Safe Spaces ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

This paper analyses the concept of vulnerability as it is applied to university students, and also staff, to assess the extent to which it has become a new norm that transforms the understanding of the individual—from being more robust, towards a more fragile sense of personhood. We examine the changing use of the term ‘vulnerable’ over time and with reference to the institutionalisation of the ‘vulnerable subject’. The paper relates this to the theoretical discussion about postmodernism and the ‘end of truth’ within academia, with the subsequent emergence of safe spaces as a mechanism for protecting the vulnerable student. Using snowball sampling, a pilot ethnographic study of academics who have experienced, or claim to have experienced, limits on their academic freedom is developed. One conclusion is that limits to academic freedom stem from within the academy itself. This conclusion is related to the growing understanding that student ‘wellbeing’ necessitates the regulation and ‘policing’ of knowledge and ideas that are deemed to be offensive to the vulnerable student.

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