World’s Economy and Future Post-Covid-19: A Case Study China Will Impose New World Order

The aim of this paper describes world’s future post-COVID-19. Coronavirus resemble pandemics exist in centuries. Exactly, one century ago influenza flu affected the world economy and social order. About millions of people died caused by pandemics along with weak and collapsed economies. The pandemic entirely affected every sphere of life, including, Labor demand and supply, tourism, economy, politics, and nature of the world. There are two possible scenarios of the world post-Covid-19. First one world will enter new wars, hunger, and world order and so on. Second one, whole states collectively tackle this pandemic. Firstly, Economic and military strength determine the political power of a state. The US has been facing severe and critical crises since 2016. Thus, the US will not maintain power more and more. USA’s One Step Back Policy will collapse USA power and Trump loses the election, and new president will impose new wars on Asian land. European Union will disintegrate due to race of power among the powers along with world face. Secondly, China will impose a new world order after COVID-19. Because China policies totally different from previous superpowers. During supremacy, the Great Britain and USA were adopted aggressive political and military policies. In Contrast, China adopted an economic policy which is beneficial for every society. China started to lead the world economically and politically. So, this gap will create a new war in Asia and globally. China Economic Network policy (BRI) would cover world in 2040 years. Thirdly, world economies will face severe economic conditions like 1923, 1929 and 2008. The current recession and political scenarios are knocking a depression on world economic door. Fourthly, emerging economy India will not cover economic power till 2025. Maybe India never achieves economic prosperity due to Jingoistic approach. In this paper, we predicate world’s economic and politics shape post-covid-19. The virus is changed every sphere and every field of life. ? We used NiGEM model. It’s just predication, will what occur in future. About 3% Gross Domestic Product, 10% consumption, 18% manufacturing and 13% to 32% trade declined due to current pandemics. Universal recession also take place. Now, how the world’s powerful state will push the world into new wars. Which one imposed new world order post-covid-19? Does a new Great Depression knock world door

Liberal Democracy in Context of Pakistan And Bangladesh

The purpose of this paper is to understand the democracy and the challenges towards liberal democracy. Desk review and thorough document analysis have been used to dig out the challenges for liberal democracy. Politically liberal democracies are contextualized and more flexible, assure the freedom of speech and enable voters for alternatives in case of incapable governments. The central view of liberal democracy is that every citizen must be treated on an equal basis. Pakistan and Bangladesh (separated from Pakistan in 1971) are the democratic republic countries by constitutional arrangements. The political system of both countries is based upon the elected people and then the elected people generate further policies, rules, laws, and regulations for governing the system in states. Theoretically, both states consist of governments, political parties, and official apparatus of military and civil society organizations. However, historically both countries remained unable to continue the democratic systems due to recurrent involvement and intervention by the military, undemocratic institutions, terrorism and extremism, political disorder, and uncertainty from their inception.

Invest in Research Supervision, Enhance Timely Completion of Postgraduate studies

Postgraduate research supervision and its impact on students’ completion of postgraduate studies continue to pose significant challenges to higher education managers, postgraduate students, university dons, funders of postgraduate education, and all stake holders. This literature review based article summaries the research findings across six dimensions of postgraduate research supervision: Student-supervisor relationship, Gender and research supervision, Allocating and matching students with supervisors, Pedagogy of research supervision, Roles and responsibilities of postgraduate students and supervisors and Effective supervision. Student- supervisor relationship is noted to have direct and indirect influence on all other dimensions of research supervision and consequently to timely students’ completion of postgraduate studies. It was found out that the reaction and impact of the other six dimensions would be driven by the student-supervisor relationship. Students perceived that good working relationships with their research supervisors have an impact on their research progress. Studies concerning gender and research supervision are limited but the few available indicated that female candidates were largely affected in their progress due to gender-related challenges. It was revealed that effective supervision has a positive impact on timely students’ completion of postgraduate studies. Implications for postgraduate students and supervisors, schools, faculties, and departments of postgraduate education were identified.

Constitutional Development and Political (in) stability of Pakistan: An Analysis Since Inception of Pakistan till 2018

The paper attempts to study constitutional development in Pakistan in relation to the political instability or stability of the country. Analysis of the secondary data qualitatively revealed that the country suffered much due to political instability which was a result of the non-development and non-availability of the constitution. As the constitution provides a set of rules for people of a state who agree to live together and it is the basic set of principles through which a state is governed, the newly established state of Pakistan initially adopted the 1935 India Act to run the affairs. The process to frame a fresh constitution started after the transitory of Objectives Resolution in 1949 while Islamic and democratic values were considered as foundations to formulate a constitution for Pakistan. Three constitutions in 1956, 1962, and 1973 were framed in order to maintain political stability and to govern the state. Pakistan in its 72 years of age was governed by 49 Heads of State or Heads of Department including five military dictators (Naz, 2019). Only during the early eleven years, twelve Heads of State or Heads of Departments administered the oath to run the government. Two Prime Ministers were assassinated and one was hanged while two sitting Prime Ministers were declared disqualified by the court. East Pakistan was separated due to political instability and eight times constitutional assemblies were dissolved (Obaidullah, 2020). Several times, the Constitutions were abrogated or suspended and federalism was lacking in the country that also resulted in political instability. It is only since the last decade, political stability is emerging due to prevailing, implementing, development, and intactness of the Constitution.

Equity Issue in Pakistan: A Study on Higher Education

This study has examined the equity issue in higher education in Pakistan that boys and girls have treated based on equitable access to education. While the social status of female students is very diverse in higher education than males. If compared with around the world, the current educational status of women has increased in the different fields on the bases of equity. Because women play a vital role in the growth of the economy by the dint of their professional skills. However, the role of women in Pakistan is different from around the world. If the compared relationship between urban and rural female students or women in Pakistan that women still face difficulties in several areas. Such as field engineering and math teaching as well as a public place. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the equity issue in already published literature by taking into account higher education in Pakistan. To, different studies’ findings have shown that there are many problems present in the educational system of Pakistan, such as a policy implementation with an international perspective, curriculum standards, and the use of technology in education. However, equity is also a core issue in higher education, which impact on female students. In this regard, those female students cannot reward easily their fundamental rights. Because of restrictions and some, important factors have linked to equity barriers. This study has used different sources of methods and materials through Google Scholar, Research Gate, and an Elsevier journal. Finally, significant results have described in this study by the dint of discussion and conclusion, which have drawn in the light of previously published literature.

Food Cuisine Authenticity and its Implementation Barriers in Lahore - Pakistan

The main research area Lahore - Pakistan, is one of the country's leading food hubs offering a variety of food to its domestic customers and international tourists. That does not only cause economic gains but also incorporate with different food cultures in one place. It is not easier to incorporate culture and offer the very best food for its origin. Throughout the process, the question arises whether the food served is authentic or has changed over time into fusion food due to the greater travel distance. In the city of Lahore, research was done from Eighty - Seven food establishments. Serving Authenticity is a daunting task, with only twenty-one of these eighty-seven serving the authentic food. But they are again facing a lot of trouble throughout the process that in some places they are forced to use local ingredients or some nearby fusion food. This is not due to a lack of skills ability, but food organizations face various food problems because of low food shelf life or other issues such as import costs or customer affordability. The nearest solution has also been discussed, which can ensure food authenticity more than ever.

Predictors for the Adoption of Open Data Technologies

Open Data initiative is attracting considerable interest globally due to the growing phenomena of transparency, accountability, quality of life, and business. The adoption of open data technologies is inevitably an issue to better exploit the full potential and benefits of open data available to the public. The main issue in our knowledge of open data technologies is the scarcity of research studies on the adoption of open data technologies. Thus, the main objective of this study is to predict and explain the factors that influence the adoption of open data technologies. A Unified Model of Electronic Government Adoption (UMEGA) was employed as a lens to examine the influencing factors including additional factors i.e. imitating the behavior of others, disregarding own beliefs, and grievance redressal to make a novel contribution in the adoption studies. The survey method was used to collect the data from citizens and analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique in SmartPLS 3. Satisfactory results are obtained proving that facilitating conditions has a significant positive influence on effort expectancy, effort expectancy on performance expectancy, performance expectancy on attitude, and attitude on behavioral intention to adopt open data technologies even though the number of participants is very small. Implications for the academics and managers are also outlined. Future researchers should find more concrete pieces of evidence upon collecting a large number of responses.

Consumers and QR code payment method: A Case of Pakistani Retail Environment

Consumers tend to find ways that are beneficial and useful for them during a shopping experience. They use different methods, either online or offline, for a more considerable retail experience. Thus, the use of a particular technology when it accessible, useful, beneficial, and innovative may help them progress a certain attitude. The practice of the theory of acceptance model(TAM) proved to be right in this context of embracing of QR code transaction method. This kind of payment system is still relatively new in the Pakistani environment, but this, with the current research framework, it shows that consumers are willing to adopt it. Thus, CINN, PBN, PEU, PUF, and attitude proved to be suitable variables for the adoption of this technology

Nexus Between Bank’s Profitability, Internal and Economic Indicators

Many factors affect the bank’s profitability. Internal factors include total asset (TA), and market share loan (MSL) are an important one to consider while external factors include gross domestic product (GDP), corporate income tax (CIT), corruption perception index (CPI), and political instability (PI) are critical. We measured the bank’s profitability through profit before tax on asset (PBTA) and return on asset (ROA) and finds its connection with banks’ internal and external factors. Our empirical estimates based upon 15 commercial banks’ data listed on Pakistan stock exchange (PSE) from 2007-16 show that total asset (TA) and corruption perception index (CPI) is the important one to determine the bank’s profitability. These results have been further justified under the fixed effect regression model which was found appropriate under the Hausman specification test. It is concluded that total assets (TA) and corruption perception index (CPI) does affect the bank’s profitability internally as well as externally.

Exploring Demands and Consumption Processes of Green Products: The Case of Pakistani Consumers

Sustainable development and green initiatives continue to receive increased attention in the domain of business and consumers behavior. It is the liability of researchers, practitioner and policy makers to continuously identify factors that can affect the motivation and behavior of people to act in accordance with green behavior patterns. The main purpose for conducting this study is to fill in the gap in the literature by exploring demand and consumption of green consumer’s product. In this study, semi structured interviews were conducted in-depth with the Pakistani green consumers in order to discuss the prospective crucial factors including: key characteristics of green product, reasons to buy environment-friendly products, feelings on the subject of price, confidence in product, readiness to compromise, environmental awareness, considering alternatives, point of purchase, utilization and discarding. This is an exploratory study and in order to ensure objectivity the established guidelines were followed. The findings of this study are limited to the green consumers of Pakistan therefore; any potential country bias can be removed by its replication in other countries. On average most of the studies conducted in the domain of marketing failed to segment green consumers that resulted in indefinable and conflicting results. Only few studies have adopted qualitative research approaches in exploring the behavior of green consumers. It explores the demands of green consumer product, along with their consumption processes, and provides a valuable insight and sound ground for academicians who are interested in green consumption behavior in concerned emerging markets. It also presents an in depth investigation of consumer purchase and consumption patterns towards green products while providing a valuable insight for practitioners and policy makers and it has revealed important theoretical dimensions for in aforementioned context.