Chemical communication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Roitberg
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Sexual Deception ◽  
Alarm Pheromones ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Marking Pheromones

Communication takes place when two or more individuals interact via signal release and reception. This chapter focuses on chemical communication among arthropods, first, discussing the physical attributes of chemical communication and following up with examples that demonstrate the importance of chemical communication as a mediator of behavioral, ecological and evolutionary processes. In doing so, both the functional (i.e. why) and causal (i.e. how) aspects of chemical communication are considered. The examples are drawn from a broad range of topics, including mating conflict (and resolution), honest signals (e.g. marking pheromones), deceptive signals (e.g. sexual deception by orchids to exploit pollinators) and impacts on population dynamics via non-consumptive impacts (e.g. alarm pheromones of aphids). Finally, most of the examples illustrate the subtle and contextual nature of chemical communication making the case that to understand chemical communication one must understand the chemical communicators and not just the chemical compounds that mediate their inter-individual interactions.

scholarly journals Potential of the physical and chemical characteristics of prickly pear (Opuntia albicarpa Seheinvar var. Villanueva) seeds in agroindustrial processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica de Jesús Álvarez-Castillo ◽  
Erich Dietmar Rössel Kipping ◽  
Hipólito Ortiz Laurel ◽  
Laura Araceli López-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Amante-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
External Friction ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Prickly Pears ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Objective: To verify the physical attributes and assess the chemical quality from prickly pear’s seeds (Opuntia albicarpa Seheinvar cv. Villanueva), including seeds´ size, internal friction, external friction, performance for size reduction, sieving and electric conductivity, soluble protein, total protein, phosphorous, carbohydrates, amount of oil and minerals. Design/methodology/approach: To verify and compare the physical attributes and chemical parameters using proved and reliable techniques, to explore their impacts on its future potential, when seeds are intended to agro-industrial processes, considering; its size and quality of space storage and their effect when interacting with handling apparatus and the material they are manufactured with. Results: Selected groups of 100 seeds from four consecutive prickly pears harvests had no differences. While for their chemical analysis, seeds were milled and their revised chemical compounds showed differences between harvest, therefore, drought, management and crop protection significantly affect those attributes. The factors were not included in this study. Limitations on study/implications: Prickly pears are harvested for 4 months per year. This reduces the availability of raw material from other varieties and from other regions, to expand this study and to compare between diverse parameters. Findings/conclusions: There were not significant differences in seed size (wide, large, thickness), external friction and electric conductivity; therefore, handling equipment does not need specifications. While, for the internal friction and all chemical compounds analyzed from seeds´ flour, significate differences were quantified. The latter means that, it is adequate to homogenize these parameters by using other compounds in the agrifood processes.

scholarly journals Honey Bee Alarm Pheromone Mediates Communication in Plant–Pollinator–Predator Interactions

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwei Wang ◽  
Ken Tan
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alarm Pheromones ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Predator Interactions ◽  
Plant Pollinator

Honey bees play a crucial role in pollination, and in performing this critical function, face numerous threats from predators and parasites during foraging and homing trips. Back in the nest, their defensive behavior drives some individuals to sacrifice themselves while fighting intruders with their stingers or mandibles. During these intense conflicts, bees release alarm pheromone to rapidly communicate with other nest mates about the present danger. However, we still know little about why and how alarm pheromone is used in plant–pollinator–predator interactions. Here, we review the history of previously detected bee alarm pheromones and the current state of the chemical analyses. More new components and functions have been confirmed in honey bee alarm pheromone. Then, we ask how important the alarm pheromones are in intra- and/or inter-species communication. Some plants even adopt mimicry systems to attract either the pollinators themselves or their predators for pollination via alarm pheromone. Pheromones are honest signals that evolved in one species and can be one of the main driving factors affecting co-evolution in plant–pollinator–predator interactions. Our review intends to stimulate new studies on the neuronal, molecular, behavioral, and evolutionary levels in order to understand how alarm pheromone mediates communication in plant–pollinator–predator interactions.

Biology of the Afrotropical Sepedonella nana (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), whose larvae feed only on freshwater Aulophorus furcatus (Oligochaeta: Naididae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3102 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEANCLAUDE VALA ◽  
LOUIS GHÉLUS GBEDJISSI
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physical Attributes

All studies during the last six decades have stated that sciomyzid larvae are strictly malacophagous. However, the Afrotropical sciomyzid Sepedonella nana species was found in this study to feed only on the small freshwater oligochaete, Aulophorus furcatus. The divergent oligophagous feeding behaviour of this species was investigated. The physical attributes of the egg, first-, secondand third-instar larvae, and the puparium are described. Four types of sensilla—coeloconicum, trichodeum, chaeticum, and styloconicum—are present with a characteristic distribution on each tagma. Each thoracic segment is distinguished by presence of a pair of Keilin’s organ on ventral surface. Each abdominal segment has eleven pairs of the same sensilla types; their variable locations are presented. Population dynamics of the adults are shown from our field investigations in permanent and temporary freshwater biotopes during 1996–2008. The life cycle of the species is presented from our field observations and laboratory experiments. Among the 62 species of Afrotropical Sciomyzidae, this is the eighth species for which life-cycle is entirely resolved.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in population and biochemical contents of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
S. Narayana ◽  
◽  
S. Chander ◽  
S. Doddachowdappa ◽  
S. Sabtharishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Brown Plant Hopper

Aim: The present study was undertaken on population dynamics and estimation of protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens to explore their migratory behaviour. Methodology: Brown planthopper populations were monitored and collected using sweep nets from 23rd standard meteorological week (SMW) to 47th SMW during 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons to understand population dynamics of the pest. The protein, water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents were estimated from the pest samples collected during 36th to 44th SMW in 2017 and 2018 rainy seasons. Results: Brown planthopper population were not observed in rice farm during 23rd SMW to 28th SMW during two years of study. However, macropterous form of the pest first appeared in the farm during 29th SMW and peaked during 43rd SMW. Thereafter, population declined and disappeared after 47th SMW during both the years. Water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen contents varied significantly different weeks which remained low during 36th-39th SMW, however, increased gradually towards the end of the rainy season 2017 and 2018. On the other hand, protein content significantly varied among different weeks unlike the trend of water-soluble carbohydrates and glycogen. Interpretation: The study revealed the absence of brown plant hopper during summer season preceding rainy season, and the accumulation of bio-chemical compounds towards the end of rainy season under Delhi environment is perhaps suggestive of migration of the pest from unknown areas during rainy season to Delhi and likely preparedness of the pest for emigration to safer areas from Delhi, respectively.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Hydrocarbon Composition on the Cuticle of Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Workers and the Secretion of the Cephalic Salivary Glands

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Silvana B. Poiani ◽  
E. D. Morgan ◽  
Falko P Drijfhout ◽  
Carminda Cruz-Landim
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Surface Compounds ◽  
Melipona Quadrifasciata ◽  
Auxiliary Source

Since chemical communication is pivotal for social insect success, the present paper aimed to quantify and qualify the chemical compounds that might have pheromonal role in both cephalic salivary gland and epicuticle of workers of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results indicated that the hydrocarbons were the main compounds in both cephalic salivary gland and epicuticle, followed by esters. Positive Mantel correspondence analysis suggests that the glands could contribute to replenishment of surface compounds as an auxiliary source. Discriminant analysis also pointed out that gland and epicuticle chemical profi les were phase-related.

scholarly journals Alarm Pheromones and Chemical Communication in Nymphs of the Tropical Bed Bug Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e18156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Christoph Liedtke ◽  
Kajsa Åbjörnsson ◽  
Vincent Harraca ◽  
Jette T. Knudsen ◽  
Erika A. Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Alarm Pheromones ◽  
Cimex Hemipterus

scholarly journals Chemical communication and ecology in Eupnoi harvestmen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alarm Signals ◽  
History Of

Communication via chemical signals and cues is a widespread modality in animals. Producing, transmitting, receiving and processing chemical compounds impose important challenges. Nonetheless, certain arthropods rely almost exclusively on this channel for intra- and inter-specific communication. Through a preliminary literature review, I summarize here the morphological, behavioral and evolutionary implications of chemical communication in harvestmen (the arachnid order Opiliones), with particular emphasis in one group: the Eupnoi or “Daddy Long-legs”. This group has a unique secretory gland that opens in an ozopore in their dorsum. While relying mostly on short-range olfaction and contact chemoreception using different setae, some harvestmen are known to use chemicals in defense, alarm, spatial marking, recruitment, or reproduction. I then propose future research direction on the mechanisms of production and the evolutionary history of these traits. Specific questions can include (1) are chemical signals used as alarm pheromones in Eupnoi aggregations? (2) Do harvestmen rely on chemicals to mark their traditional roosting sites? If so, what are the chemicals involved and how do those differ from the ones used as alarm signals? Also, (3) what are the specific functions of the chemical communication during in female-male communication and multi-specific roosting aggregations? And (4) to what extent the use of chemical defenses imposes a trade-off with other defense mechanisms such as ‘playing dead’ or voluntarily releasing legs. Overall, these harvestmen provide a unique opportunity to test comprehensive and interdisciplinary hypotheses to understand the evolution of chemical communication, as well as the importance of chemical ecology on species diversification in arthropods.

ARTIFICIAL MICRO-WORLDS PART I: A NEW APPROACH FOR STUDYING LIFE-LIKE PHENOMENA

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 373-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELEONORA BILOTTA ◽  
PIETRO PANTANO ◽  
STEFANO VENA
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
New Approach

In this paper, we present the k-totalistic class of Cellular Automata (CA), which we generate from evolutionary processes, giving rise to Artificial Micro-Worlds (AMW). Within these micro-worlds, we observe a huge range of self-replicators and an equally huge range of models of self-replicating structures that behave like biological species. On the basis of empirical observations, we propose a new way for studying artificial life-like phenomena through which we can apply methods similar to those used in Zoology, observing and classifying different species and investigating their population dynamics.

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