Projecting Imperial Power

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Watanabe-O'Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Town Planning ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
International Exhibitions ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
Napoleon I ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

The nineteenth century is notable for its newly proclaimed emperors, from Franz I of Austria and Napoleon I in 1804, through Agustín and Pedro, the emperors of Mexico and Brazil, in 1822, to Napoleon III in 1852, Maximilian of Mexico in 1864, Wilhelm I, German emperor, in 1871, and Victoria, empress of India in 1876. These monarchs projected an imperial aura by means of coronations and acclamations, courts, medals, and costumes, portraits and monuments, ceremonial and religion, international exhibitions and museums, festivals and pageants, architecture and town planning. They relied on ancient history for legitimacy while partially espousing modernity. The empress consorts had to find a meaningful role for themselves in a changing world. The first emperors’ successors—Pedro II of Brazil, Franz Joseph of Austria, and Wilhelm II of Germany—expanded their panoply of power, until Pedro was forced to abdicate in 1889 and the First World War brought the Austrian and German empires to an end. Britain invented an imperial myth for its Indian empire in the twentieth century, until George VI relinquished the title of emperor in 1947. The imperial cities of Berlin, Paris, Vienna, and New Delhi bear witness to these vanished empires, as does Chapultepec Castle in Mexico City and the town of Petrópolis in Brazil. How the empires came to an end and how imperial cities and statues are treated nowadays demonstrates the contested place of the emperors in national cultural memory.

Homage to Dr med. Božidar Kostić

2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202097458
Author(s):  
Božidar Pocevski ◽  
Prim. Predrag Pocevski ◽  
Lidija Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Medical Faculties ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

Dr Božidar Kostić (1892–1960) – physician of noble heart – was born in Niš (Kingdom of Serbia) in a distinguished family of academically educated parents. As there were no medical faculties in Kingdom of Serbia, after high school, which he had finished with great success, in 1911 he enrolled at the Graz University of Medicine, a prestigious medical university. Soon he transferred to the Faculty of Medicine at Charles University in Prague, where he continued his studying for another ten semesters. In Prague, The Golden City, after the First World War, he finished his studies with an average grade of 10. After the Second World War, he worked as a doctor with a private medical practice in Belgrade, but soon he moved to Vranje, where he established the Town Polyclinic and contributed to the final flourishing of the most important forms of health care activities in liberated Vranje, donating his rich knowledge and skills, which led the health service to move to forms of independent work and development of new activities. For his contribution to the community, by decree of His Majesty King of Yugoslavia Alexander I Karađorđević, he received the Order of Saint Sava. Dr Božidar Kostić and his wife Pravda devoted their lives to the health and educational upbringing of the people in the south parts of Serbia (then Social Federative Republic of Yugoslavia). Until his last days he lived and worked as a true folk doctor.

Jews in Lithuania between the Two World Wars

2013 ◽  
pp. 253-273
Author(s):  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
World War ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

This chapter addresses the position of Jews in Lithuania between the two world wars. Although the history of inter-war Lithuania reveals many political failures, it is clear that, even during the authoritarian period, civil society continued to develop. Illiteracy was largely eradicated and impressive advances were made in social and intellectual life. In addition, land reform created a prosperous farming community whose products made up the bulk of the country's exports. The first years of Lithuanian independence were marked by a far-reaching experiment in Jewish autonomy. The experiment attracted wide attention across the Jewish world and was taken as a model by some Jewish politicians in Poland. Jewish autonomy also seemed to be in the interests of Lithuanians. The bulk of the Lithuanian lands remained largely agricultural until the First World War. Relations between Jews, who were the principal intermediaries between the town and manor and the countryside, and the mainly peasant Lithuanians took the form of a hostile symbiosis. This relationship was largely peaceful, and anti-Jewish violence was rare, although, as elsewhere, the relationship was marked by mutual contempt.

scholarly journals Szkoła na krańcu Galicji. Gimnazjum prywatne w Borszczowie 1909–1914

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (26) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Maria Stinia
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
World War ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Student Autonomy ◽  
Polish People ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

[A school on the outskirts of Galicia. The private gimnazjum in Borshchiv 1909–1914] The secondary school (gimnazjum) in the town of Borshchiv (Borszczów) was established in 1909. An important figure who took part in its creation was Count Tadeusz Czarkowski-Golejewski. Though the school had existed for a short period before the First World War, it utilized interesting educational solutions based on student autonomy, relationship with the parents and combining intellectual and physical effort. In the local community the school gave the incentive to develop regionalism. Due to a large number of auditors taking part in the lessons, and evening courses for girls, elements of co-education were introduced in the provinces. Co-operation with branches of the “Falcon” Polish Gymnastic Society as well as involvement of local medical community made it possible to popularize physical education and provide medical and hygienic supervision to a large group of young people. The pedagogical offer of the school was above all directed to Polish people from the town and its vicinity, which was evident in the changing ethnic and religious structures.

Participation of nobles in the Country Assembly of the Bessarabian Governorate during the First World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
O.V. Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
World War ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Town Council ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

This work is devoted to the issue of governorate zemstvos, to the consideration of issues that were resolved during the First World War, as well as to the study of the participation of nobles in the zemstvo governorate and county assembly. The abolition of serfdom was the reason for the creation of zemstvos. They were necessary for the exercise of local self-government in the administrative-territorial units of the Russian Empire. In the second half of the XIX – early XX century zemstvos had an important place in the social and economic development of all governorates of the Russian Empire, on which territory they were formed. All issues of social and economic security of the governorate were decided at the Governorate Zemstvo Assembly. Estimates of expected revenues and expenditures for the year were discussed at these meetings during the First World War. The issues of providing the necessary funding for the organization of work of zemstvo institutions, providing social security to the employees of zemstvo organizations were also considered. During the First World War, the issues related to the payment of social assistance to refugees and families of lower military ranks were added to the current ones. Qualified personnel were needed to ensure the work of the zemstvo bodies. They were representatives of the highest social class. The leaders of the County Zemstvo Assembly of the Bessarabian governorate held the positions of members of the town council in the Governorate Zemstvo Assembly. As a result of research based on the address-calendars of the Bessarabian governorate using statistical and chronological methods, it became known that the nobles held almost all the positions of members of the town council in the Governorate Zemstvo Assembly during the First World War. In 1914 and before the elections held in 1915, their number was 94.5%, and after the election of 1915, their number was already 94.1%. Upon the amendments in the legislation of the Russian Empire in 1890, the landowners, who were representatives of the small nobility, had the right to participate in the election of county members of the town council.

From Flanders to Glanders

2018 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Anthony Rimmington
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World

There is substantive evidence of the long-term integration of veterinary microbiological facilities within the USSR’s biological warfare programs. The initial impetus to this process were the concerns of the early Soviet regime over BW sabotage attacks by Germany in the First World War. In December 1918, the Red Army created its own military veterinary facility which was eventually transferred to Zagorsk. BW research also appears to have been pursued at a civil laboratory on Lisii Island close to the town of Vyshny Volochek.

World War I and the Finns of Astoria, Oregon: The Effects of the War on an Immigrant Community

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. George Hummasti
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
First World War ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
American Population ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World ◽  
Increased Activity

The situation produced by the First World War greatly influenced communities of European immigrants in America, like the settlement of Finns at Astoria, Oregon. The war changed the relationships of Finns there among themselves, with their old homeland, and with the American population of the town. These changes, the last in particular, were felt most acutely by a large group of Finnish socialists. The war encouraged them to increased activity and brought to the Americans a heightened awareness of them both as foreigners and as radicals. This led to attempts by the Americans to suppress radicalism among the Finns.

scholarly journals Lost Alternatives to Council Housing? An Examination of Stirling's Alternative Housing Initiatives, c. 1906–1939

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Smyth ◽  
Douglas S. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
World War ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Alternative Housing ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
The Town ◽  
House Building ◽  
First World ◽  
Council Housing

This article aims to examine possible alternatives to the first wave of council-house building in Scotland. Alternative approaches to deal with Scotland's housing problem are considered and the reasons for their failure to compete with council housing are considered. The Burgh of Stirling has been chosen because its politics suggest that it may have been less enthusiastic about building council houses and more amenable to exploring alternative solutions. Three ‘alternatives’ are discussed. The first was the Homesteads experiment, which, immediately prior to the First World War, successfully built a small number of houses with adjacent land on which the occupants grew food for themselves. The second experiment was a limited project by the Town Council, devised just before 1914, of demolition and widening a single street in the old town, which sought to encourage private companies to build replacement tenements. The third undertaking was the Thistle Trust, which sought to preserve the medieval dwellings huddled around Stirling Castle.

scholarly journals The lost glamur of pharmacy in Debeljača

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257
Author(s):  
Darko D. Dželajlija
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

In the general trend of nationalization after 1945, many pharmacies in our area were destroyed, relocated or repurposed. During these events, their interiors changed, and the inventory was damaged or destroyed. The aim of this paper is to research the historiography of pharmacy by reconstructing the chronology of the Joanović pharmacy as well as the Public Pharmacy of the town of Debeljača until it moved out of the building where the pharmacy was founded. Descriptive research covers the periods before the First World War, between the two World Wars and after the Second World War. The data presented in this paper are the result of interdisciplinary research related to the study of the historiography of the Joanović pharmacy as well as the Public Pharmacy of the town of Debeljača. This paper is based on unpublished documents (database of the pharmacy Joanović and the Publik Pharmacy of the town of Debeljača), as well as on the statements and written statements of Mrs. Mile Đorđević born Joanović and pharmacist Ivan Šimić as documents from the author’s personal archive. Methods of documentation analysis and desk analysis of secondary data were used. In the Joanović Pharmacy, almost semi-industrial production of cosmetic and perfumery products was developed, as well as the production of flavors for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. After the forced purchase, a biochemical laboratory was formed in the newly established National Pharmacy, which provided a large number of various laboratory services. The results of this study could be used in further study of the historiography of pharmacy research of the goods that pharmacies offered to consumers.

scholarly journals Yiddish in Helsinki and its Swedish component

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Simo Muir
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Distinctive Character ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Talmud Torah ◽  
The Town ◽  
First World ◽  
Oral Stories

Yiddish has been spoken in Helsinki since 1850s when the Jewish Cantonist soldiers and their families were allowed to settle in the town. The first generations born in Helsinki had the possibility to attend heders and a Talmud-torah where religious subjects were conducted in Yiddish. In the wake of Yiddishizm many Yiddish-speaking societies were founded before and after the First World War. My research attempts an analysis of Helsinki Yiddish and a survey of Yiddish culture in Helsinki. The material used for this paper comprises both written and oral stories. Most Yiddish speakers in Helsinki have been bilingual. The over hundred years of coexistence with Finnish-Swedish has given Helsinki Yiddish its own distinctive character, which deserves to be recorded and studied. Especially unique is the interference of Swedish morphology with its peculiarities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document