Joseph Scaliger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk van Miert
Keyword(s):  
The Bible ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

Chapter 1 shows that in Leiden around 1600 the type of philology that undermined the stability of the biblical text was kept indoors or was restricted to private correspondence. The independently minded Joseph Scaliger focused on chronology and history, and the history of the Bible was part of his studies, although it did not stand at the centre of his attention. Scaliger was reluctant to publish his philological annotations on the Bible. He adopted different levels of openness, depending on the medium. Scaliger observed that the text of the Bible was often not stable and irretrievably lost. He inculcated his textual-critical, linguistic and historical methods in his students Daniel Heinsius and Hugo Grotius. He exerted a profound influence on antiquarians such as Selden and Saumaise, not through a published work or an organized selection of biblical annotations, but through a number of methods and themes, which the next generation developed.

Introduction—Everything You Know about Prohibition Is Wrong

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mark Lawrence Schrad
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Resistance Movement

The book begins with a vignette of the world’s most famous—and most misunderstood—prohibitionist: the hatchet-wielding saloon smasher, Carrie Nation. A deeper investigation finds that she was anything but the Bible-thumping, conservative evangelical that she’s commonly made out to be; but rather a populist-progressive equal-rights crusader. Chapter 1 lays bare the shortcomings of the dominant historical narrative of temperance and prohibitionism as uniquely American developments resulting from a clash of religious and cultural groups. By examining the global history of prohibition, we can shed new light on the American experience. Answering the fundamental question—why prohibition?—this book argues that temperance was a global resistance movement against imperialism, subjugation, and the predatory capitalism of a liquor traffic in which political and economic elites profited handsomely from the addiction and misery of the people.

scholarly journals Old Believers’ Personal Names in a Foreign Language Environment. Review of the book: Ziółkowska-Mówka, M. (2018). System antroponimiczny staroobrzędowców mieszkających w Polsce [Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland]. Toruń: Eikon. 469 s.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Anna A. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Names ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the book Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland by the Polish researcher M. Ziółkowska-Mówka. This 5-chapter book includes an outline of the history of the Old Believer’ movement and its general features (Chapter 1), a description of the language situation of Old Believers living in Poland (Chapter 2), an analysis of their personal names (Chapter 3), a study of Old Believers’ surnames, Russian and Polish (Chapter 4), present-day unofficial anthroponyms, including historical and modern nicknames (chapter 5). An extensive appendix contains a list of Old Believers’ names (male and female), a list of “additional definitions” used in the 19th century, modern surnames and a list of modern nicknames. The review notes the importance of the collected corpus of Russian names and surnames in Poland and gives high account of the comprehensive analysis of the material (principles of selection of Old Believers’ personal names from documents and oral narratives; phonetic and morphological analysis of names, surnames and nicknames; motivation for nicknames pointing at different characteristics of people and their speech and referring to other anthroponyms). Synchronic and diachronic analysis of Old Believers’ names and surnames reveals a picture of historical and modern language processes against the sociolinguistic background of Old Believers’ interaction with non-Slavic and non-Old Belief communities. Of particular value to the study is the analysis of Polish and German names (which are also involved in Old Believers’ naming in various aspects), as it emphasizes the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural nature of the entire peer-reviewed work.

Choosing brides for the crown-prince. Matrimonial politics in the Davidic dynasty

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Michael Niemann
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crown Prince ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractUntil now no one has outlined the matrimonial politics of the Davidic dynasty as a whole. A closer look reveals these policies to be a clear-cut means of stabilizing David's dynasty and expanding its territory and power. As far as we know, all of the marriages of Davidic crown-princes are comprehensible in the political and regional context of the time. In every case, choosing the bride for the crown-prince of Jerusalem and Judah was politically goal oriented. Selection of the royal bride throws light on the sometimes weaker, sometimes stronger (more independent) position of the kings as well as the possibilities and aims of Davidic politics. Mentioning the kings's mothers makes clear that the Bible can supply valuable information for the investigation of the history of Israel and Judah.

scholarly journals Independent evaluation of 12 artificial intelligence solutions for the detection of tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Codlin ◽  
Thang Phuoc Dao ◽  
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽  
Rachel J. Forse ◽  
Vinh Van Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Computer Aided Detection ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThere have been few independent evaluations of computer-aided detection (CAD) software for tuberculosis (TB) screening, despite the rapidly expanding array of available CAD solutions. We developed a test library of chest X-ray (CXR) images which was blindly re-read by two TB clinicians with different levels of experience and then processed by 12 CAD software solutions. Using Xpert MTB/RIF results as the reference standard, we compared the performance characteristics of each CAD software against both an Expert and Intermediate Reader, using cut-off thresholds which were selected to match the sensitivity of each human reader. Six CAD systems performed on par with the Expert Reader (Qure.ai, DeepTek, Delft Imaging, JF Healthcare, OXIPIT, and Lunit) and one additional software (Infervision) performed on par with the Intermediate Reader only. Qure.ai, Delft Imaging and Lunit were the only software to perform significantly better than the Intermediate Reader. The majority of these CAD software showed significantly lower performance among participants with a past history of TB. The radiography equipment used to capture the CXR image was also shown to affect performance for some CAD software. TB program implementers now have a wide selection of quality CAD software solutions to utilize in their CXR screening initiatives.

scholarly journals Resilience and Change in Opera Theatres: Travelling the Edge of Tradition and Contemporaneity

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-247
Author(s):  
Maria Laura Frigotto ◽  
Francesca Frigotto
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Resilience Framework ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Empirical Contribution

ABSTRACTOver the last century, the opera has changed dramatically and on several levels. This chapter maps out the major changes of the opera since its origin in its country of birth, Italy, discussing whether this evolution displays a form of transformative resilience. As a theoretical contribution, this case allows to challenge the resilience framework presented in Chapter 1, by raising several prominent questions for the conceptual advancement and empirical grounding of resilience. We ask: To what extent can an entity change in order to be considered a persisting entity and not a different entity? Or in other words: How much continuity is necessary to recognize resilience in the same entity? We add: How are different levels of resilience (institutional, organizational and individual) nested one into another, and therefore, how is the ‘agency of resilience’ played out? As an empirical contribution, this chapter sketches an empirical reconstruction of the history of the opera in a holistic longitudinal perspective.

Implications of Person Fluctuation for the Stability and Validity of Test Scores

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere J. Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fluctuation Model

In the IRT person-fluctuation model, the individual trait levels fluctuate within a single test administration whereas the items have fixed locations. This article studies the relations between the person and item parameters of this model and two central properties of item and test scores: temporal stability and external validity. For temporal stability, formulas are derived for predicting and interpreting item response changes in a test-retest situation on the basis of the individual fluctuations. As for validity, formulas are derived for obtaining disattenuated estimates and for predicting changes in validity in groups with different levels of fluctuation. These latter formulas are related to previous research in the person-fit domain. The results obtained and the relations discussed are illustrated with an empirical example.

The Selection of Children's Books Translated from Spanish to Galician, Basque and Catalan (1940–80)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-258
Author(s):  
Mónica Domínguez Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Source Text ◽  
The Status ◽  
Castilian Spanish ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

This study deals with children's literature translated from Castilian Spanish into Galician, Basque and Catalan by a different publisher from that of the source text, between 1940 and 1980, and with the criteria used to choose books for translation during that period. It compares the different literatures within Spain and examines the intersystemic and intercultural relations that the translations reflect. Following the polysystems theory, literature is here conceived as a network of agents of different kinds: authors, publishers, readers, and literary models. Such a network, called a polysystem, is part of a larger social, economic, and cultural network. These extra-literary considerations play an important role in determining the selection of works to be translated. The article suggests that translations can be said to establish transcultural relations, and that they demonstrate different levels of power within a specific interliterary community. It concludes that, while translations may aim to change the pre-existent relationships, frequently they just reflect the status quo.

Conclusion: What is Speculative Empiricism?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Debaise
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection Of

Process and Reality ends with a warning: ‘[t]he chief danger to philosophy is narrowness in the selection of evidence’ (PR, 337). Although this danger of narrowness might emerge from the ‘idiosyncrasies and timidities of particular authors, of particular social groups, of particular schools of thought, of particular epochs in the history of civilization’ (PR, 337), we should not be mistaken: it occurs within philosophy, in its activity, its method. And the fact that this issue arises at the end of Process and Reality reveals the ambition that has accompanied its composition: Whitehead has resisted this danger through the form and ambition of his speculative construction. The temptation of a narrowness in selection attempts to expel speculative philosophy at the same time as it haunts each part of its system.

The Use and Misuse of Religious Language: Zionism and the Palestinians

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wetherell
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Title Deed ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Question

Every discipline which deals with the land question in Canaan-Palestine-Israel is afflicted by the problem of specialisation. The political scientist and historian usually discuss the issue of land in Israel purely in terms of interethnic and international relations, biblical scholars concentrate on the historical and archaeological question with virtually no reference to ethics, and scholars of human rights usually evade the question of God. What follows is an attempt, through theology and political history, to understand the history of the Israel-Palestine land question in a way which respects the complexity of the question. From a scrutiny of the language used in the Bible to the development of political Zionism from the late 19th century it is possible to see the way in which a secular movement mobilised the figurative language of religion into a literal ‘title deed’ to the land of Palestine signed by God.

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