scholarly journals Independent evaluation of 12 artificial intelligence solutions for the detection of tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Codlin ◽  
Thang Phuoc Dao ◽  
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽  
Rachel J. Forse ◽  
Vinh Van Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Computer Aided Detection ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThere have been few independent evaluations of computer-aided detection (CAD) software for tuberculosis (TB) screening, despite the rapidly expanding array of available CAD solutions. We developed a test library of chest X-ray (CXR) images which was blindly re-read by two TB clinicians with different levels of experience and then processed by 12 CAD software solutions. Using Xpert MTB/RIF results as the reference standard, we compared the performance characteristics of each CAD software against both an Expert and Intermediate Reader, using cut-off thresholds which were selected to match the sensitivity of each human reader. Six CAD systems performed on par with the Expert Reader (Qure.ai, DeepTek, Delft Imaging, JF Healthcare, OXIPIT, and Lunit) and one additional software (Infervision) performed on par with the Intermediate Reader only. Qure.ai, Delft Imaging and Lunit were the only software to perform significantly better than the Intermediate Reader. The majority of these CAD software showed significantly lower performance among participants with a past history of TB. The radiography equipment used to capture the CXR image was also shown to affect performance for some CAD software. TB program implementers now have a wide selection of quality CAD software solutions to utilize in their CXR screening initiatives.

Deep Venous Thrombosis of the Legs after Strokes: Incidence, Natural History and Predisposing Factors

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Warlow ◽  
D. Ogston ◽  
A. S. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

Forty of 76 patients who had sustained a cerebro-vascular’ accident developed a deep venous thrombosis of the paralysed leg as detected by the 125I-fibrinogen technique. A further 5 also had a thrombosis in the non-paralysed leg. ‘Definite’ pulmonary embolism, diagnosed at necropsy or by unequivocal clinical criteria, occurred in 9.2% of patients and ‘probable’ embolism, diagnosed on clinical examination and chest x-ray only, occurred in another 6.6% of patients Within the limitations of the 125I-fibrinogen technique it appeared that, in patients after cerebrovascular accidents, thrombosis developed in several independent sites in the venous system of the legs and propagation of the thrombi took place in both a distal and proximal direction. Pulmonary embolism occurred, with one exception, only in patients with detectable leg vein thrombosis.None of the risk factors studied including age, sex, obesity, side of paralysis, past history of venous thromboembolism, neurological and cardiac states, and interval between onset of stroke and mobilisation was helpful in predicting the likelihood of development of venous thrombosis in the paralysed limb.

Lingual Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78
Author(s):  
MA Hayee ◽  
QD Mohammad ◽  
H Rahman ◽  
M Hakim ◽  
SM Kibria
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lingual Dystonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

A 42-year-old female presented in Neurology Department of Sir Salimullah Medical College with gradually worsening difficulty in talking and eating for the last four months. Examination revealed dystonic tongue, macerated lips due to continuous drooling of saliva and aspirated lungs. She had no history of taking antiparkinsonian, neuroleptics or any other drugs causing dystonia. Chest X-ray revealed aspiration pneumonia corrected later by antibiotics. She was treated with botulinum toxin type-A. Twenty units of toxin was injected in six sites of the tongue. The dystonic tongue became normal by 24 hours. Subsequent 16 weeks follow up showed very good result and the patient now can talk and eat normally. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2006; 24: 75-78)

scholarly journals Urinothorax Caused by Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Waiel Abusnina ◽  
Hazim Bukamur ◽  
Zeynep Koc ◽  
Fauzi Najar ◽  
Nancy Munn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Tract Infections

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis that generally afflicts middle-aged women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. Its pathogenesis generally involves calculus obstructive uropathy and its histopathology is characterized by replacement of the renal parenchyma with lipid filled macrophages. This often manifests as an enlarged, nonfunctioning kidney that may be complicated by abscess or fistula. This case details the first reported case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis complicated by urinothorax, which resolved on follow-up chest X-ray after robot-assisted nephrectomy.

scholarly journals Hoarseness of Voice as a Rare Presentation of Tuberculosis: A Case Report Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 3262-3264
Author(s):  
Taher Felemban ◽  
Abdullah Ashi ◽  
Abdullah Sindi ◽  
Mohannad Rajab ◽  
Zuhair Al Jehani
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Laryngeal Tuberculosis

BACKGROUND: Having hoarseness of voice as the first clinical manifestation of tuberculosis is rare. This atypical presentation causes some confusion since other more common conditions, such as laryngeal carcinoma, present similarly and might require more invasive tests to confirm the diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old male presented to the otorhinolaryngology clinic with a four-month history of change in voice. Laryngoscopy demonstrated a right glottic mass, raising suspicion of laryngeal cancer. The computed tomography showed a mass and incidental finding of opacities in lung apices. Chest x-ray demonstrated findings suggestive of tuberculosis. Polymerase chain reaction and culture of sputum samples confirmed the diagnosis and the patient was started on anti-tuberculosis treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite accounting for only 1% of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and having a similar presentation to laryngeal carcinoma, we recommend considering laryngeal tuberculosis when evaluating hoarseness of voice in endemic areas.

MEASURING SOLAR DIAMETER WITH 2012 VENUS TRANSITS

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 451-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANTINO SIGISMONDI
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Logarithmic Derivative ◽  
Solar Limb ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Diameter ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Better Than

The role of Venus and Mercury transits is crucial to know the past history of the solar diameter. Through the W parameter, the logarithmic derivative of the radius with respect to the luminosity, the past values of the solar luminosity can be recovered. The black drop phenomenon affects the evaluation of the instants of internal and external contacts between the planetary disk and the solar limb. With these observed instants compared with the ephemerides the value of the solar diameter is recovered. The black drop and seeing effects are overcome with two fitting circles, to Venus and to the Sun, drawn in the undistorted part of the image. The corrections of ephemerides due to the atmospheric refraction will also be taken into account. The forthcoming transit of Venus will allow an accuracy on the diameter of the Sun better than 0.01 arcsec, with good images of the ingress and of the egress taken each second. Chinese solar observatories are in the optimal conditions to obtain valuable data for the measurement of the solar diameter with the Venus transit of 5/6 June 2012 with an unprecedented accuracy, and with absolute calibration given by the ephemerides.

scholarly journals Roflumilast succeeds where traditional therapy fails: a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Welding Fumes ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray

The case of a 72-year-old man with a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, patient D according to Guidelines GOLD 2013) in a subject professionally exposed to welding fumes is presented. Diagnosis was based on symptoms and spirometry and confirmed by chest X-ray examination. Since 1997 the patient has been under different therapies, including high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, with poor clinical control and frequent exacerbations. Roflumilast 500 μg once daily was started in January 2012 and patient’s respiratory symptoms, number of exacerbations and spirometry values have gradually improved since then. Roflumilast was an effective treatment in this case of difficult to treat severe COPD.

Molluscum-Like Papules as a Presentation of Early Papulonecrotic Tuberculid in Association with Nodular Tuberculid in a Male with Asymptomatic Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Asiniwasis ◽  
Maha T. Dutil ◽  
Scott Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Antituberculous Therapy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Background/Objectives The clinical and histopathologic findings of a rare simultaneous occurrence of papulonecrotic tuberculid and nodular tuberclid in a patient with active but asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis are presented. Papulonecrotic tuberculid was observed at a very early stage, presenting as molluscum-like lesions. This has been described once in the literature. This was observed in conjunction with lesions compatible with the rare clinicopathologic variant of nodular tuberculid. Critical to the diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis was the use of induced sputum testing, which confirmed the diagnosis despite the lack of a cough and a chest x-ray negative for active tuberculosis. Methods/Results A 40-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of fever and a skin eruption consisting of molluscum-like papules on the ears, arms, and abdomen and nodules on his legs. Biopsies from both lesions were consistent with papulonecrotic and nodular tuberculid, respectively. Despite the lack of any respiratory symptoms, induced sputum grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the lesions resolved on antituberculous therapy. Conclusions and Relevance Tuberculids are rare in Western countries but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of eruptions in patients from endemic countries. An active tuberculous focus must be sought out.

scholarly journals Aggravation and deliberation over lung herniation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e229225
Author(s):  
Michelle N Lee ◽  
Luke T Surry ◽  
David M Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Pleuritic Chest Pain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lung Herniation ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Lateral Chest

A Caucasian woman aged 58 years with history of asthma and surgically repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia presented to the emergency department (ED) with persistent cough, pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, in spite of recent treatment for influenza A virus. On physical examination, a large bulge was protruding from her left posterior thorax. She was found to have a large abnormal radiographic lucency on lateral chest X-ray posterior to the thoracic cavity, confirmed with chest CT to represent a large lung herniation in between the left seventh and eighth ribs. The patient was evaluated by a thoracic surgeon and offered surgical repair but ultimately decided on conservative management which to date has been ineffective.

scholarly journals A Fatal Case of COVID-19 in an Infant with Severe Acute Malnutrition Admitted to a Paediatric Ward in Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Alido Soumana ◽  
Aboubacar Samaila ◽  
Lamine Mahaman Moustapha ◽  
Moumouni Kamaye ◽  
Balkissa Daouda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right

While there have been very few fatal cases, SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in paediatric patients. This study aims to describe a fatal case of COVID-19 in a child with severe acute malnutrition. The eight-month-old child presented with fever, diarrhoea, and difficulty in breathing. The mother of the child had fever and shortness of breath four weeks before she died. Physical examination revealed lethargy, dehydration, and severe weight loss with a weight of 5 kg at a height of 78 cm tall. The weight-for-height index was less than three Z-scores, which corresponds to severe acute malnutrition. The pulmonary examination revealed moderate respiratory distress, and the chest X-ray presented features suggestive of pneumonia in the right lung area. In the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Niger and the circumstances of the mother’s death, a nasal swab was taken for laboratory confirmation. Treatment provided to the child included intranasal oxygen, antibiotics, and a dietary program with therapeutic milk. The child died 48 hours after his admission. The history of contact with a SARS-CoV-2 suspect or positive patient should lead to screening for infection by using RT-PCR. It is important to investigate malnutrition as a potential risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and resultant mortality.

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