scholarly journals Old Believers’ Personal Names in a Foreign Language Environment. Review of the book: Ziółkowska-Mówka, M. (2018). System antroponimiczny staroobrzędowców mieszkających w Polsce [Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland]. Toruń: Eikon. 469 s.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
Anna A. Plotnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Names ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the book Anthroponymic System of Old Believers Living in Poland by the Polish researcher M. Ziółkowska-Mówka. This 5-chapter book includes an outline of the history of the Old Believer’ movement and its general features (Chapter 1), a description of the language situation of Old Believers living in Poland (Chapter 2), an analysis of their personal names (Chapter 3), a study of Old Believers’ surnames, Russian and Polish (Chapter 4), present-day unofficial anthroponyms, including historical and modern nicknames (chapter 5). An extensive appendix contains a list of Old Believers’ names (male and female), a list of “additional definitions” used in the 19th century, modern surnames and a list of modern nicknames. The review notes the importance of the collected corpus of Russian names and surnames in Poland and gives high account of the comprehensive analysis of the material (principles of selection of Old Believers’ personal names from documents and oral narratives; phonetic and morphological analysis of names, surnames and nicknames; motivation for nicknames pointing at different characteristics of people and their speech and referring to other anthroponyms). Synchronic and diachronic analysis of Old Believers’ names and surnames reveals a picture of historical and modern language processes against the sociolinguistic background of Old Believers’ interaction with non-Slavic and non-Old Belief communities. Of particular value to the study is the analysis of Polish and German names (which are also involved in Old Believers’ naming in various aspects), as it emphasizes the cross-linguistic and cross-cultural nature of the entire peer-reviewed work.

scholarly journals SPIRITUAL VERSES ABOUT TSAREVICH JOASAPH: PLOTS AND METRICAL MODELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (49) ◽  
pp. 88-131
Author(s):  
Alexander Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the problem of the development of metrical forms of the cycle of folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph. Spiritual verses related to the literary tradition are used as supplementary material. The aim of the research is to trace the evolution of the metrics of folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph in the context of the history of Russian versification. The tasks of the research are the formation of a database of texts, differentiation of the texts into thematic groups, selection of method of work, and the analysis of folk and literary variants. The research methodology is determined by its complex nature, being at the intersection of folklore, linguistics, and literary studies. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the material, special methods are used for texts created within the framework of different systems of versification: syllabic, accentual, and syllabic-accentual. The entire corpus of texts consists of seven types of plots and can be divided into metrical groups depending on the time and the environment of their creation. The earliest known text dates from the 16th century; it is a free, non-rhymed accentual verse. A significant corpus of texts was created in the 17th century, in line with the literary syllabic system of versification; these are spiritual verses with 8 or 13 syllables per line. Some of these were assimilated by folk culture and subsequently lost their syllabic equality of lines, becoming close to the accentual system. Literary texts of the 18th–19th centuries are closer to the syllabic-accentual system; sometimes they include polymetric poetic forms. Folklore texts collected in the 19th–20th centuries are based mainly on the accentual system of versification (dolnik, taktovik, accentual verse); however, as we move towards the 20th century, syllabic-accentual tendencies also intensify in this area. In the 20th century, the tradition of spiritual poetry was based on syllabic-accentual models borrowed from the works of Russian classics. The long history of the existence of this poetic cycle is, in general, in line with the evolution of Russian versification. At the same time, if the syllabic-accentual verse has been formed since the 18th century in the literary tradition of spiritual poetry, then in folklore it spread relatively late. Reliable examples of syllabic-accentual versification are found in folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph from the second half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Patterns in the history of the commentation on the so-called ḥadīth Ibn Masʿūd

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 137-162
Author(s):  
Thomas Eich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Clear Line

This paper analyzes the so-called Ibn Masʿūd ḥadīth (see below) on two levels: the specific wording of the ḥadīth on the one hand and a significant portion of the commentation written about it since the 10th century until today on the other. This aims at three things. First, I will show how the ḥadīth’s exact wording still developed after the stabilization of the material in collections. Although this development occurred only on the level of single words, it can be shown that it is a reflection of discussions documented in the commentaries. Therefore, these specific examples show that there was not always a clear line separating between ḥadīth text and commentaries on that text. Second, the diachronic analysis of the commentaries will provide material for a nuanced assessment in how far major icons of commentation such as Nawawī and Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī significantly influenced following generations in composing their respective commentaries. Third, I will argue that in the specific case study provided here significant changes in the commentation can be witnessed since the second half of the 19th century which are caused by the spread of basic common medical knowledge in that period.

scholarly journals THE WRITINGS OF URAL ORIGIN ON NAPOLEON THE ANTICHRIST OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Irina V. Pochinskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Napoleon Iii ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Napoleon I ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of two Old Believers eschatological writings created in the Urals in 1820–1840s, which are now kept in the largest collections of the Ural Cyrillic old printed books and manuscripts: the Laboratory of Archaeographical Studies (LAS) of the Ural Federal University and the library of the Ekaterinburg Orthodox seminary. One of these essays is “Tolkivanie o Antichriste” (“The exegesis on the Antichrist”), which substantiates the idea that Napoleon I is the Antichrist. It has already been introduced into scientific circulation in the 19th century, but its copies from the LAS fund allowed revealing a new data about the history of its existence. The article clarifies the date of the essay, determines its impact on later Old Believers literature. The second essay, “Tsvetnik” (“Flower Garden”), continues the theme of the first one, relying on it. “Tsvetnik” is a rather complicated and multifaceted work, containing a lot of reasoning. It covers a lot of questions, problems and assessments of domestic and foreign events contemporary to the author. The main task of the essay was to substantiate the fact that Louis Napoleon, the future French emperor Napoleon III, was the new hypostasis of Napoleon I, the antichrist. The article analyses in detail main ideas of the Tsvetnik’s author, the source base of his work, which included not only traditional Christian literature, but also contemporary to the author secular publications.

scholarly journals Investigatory Records from the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region as a Source for Studying State – Old Believers Relations in the Second Quarter of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1007-1019
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Mashkovtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article analyzes the investigatory documentation from the fonds of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region, containing important information on the history of state – Old Believers relations of the second quarter of the 19th century. The choice of sources comes from the fact that at that period, a very hard line was taken with Old Believers, numerous restrictions and prohibitions regulating all aspects of their religious and cultural life. In particular, the law imposed a ban on construction of new religious buildings, as well as on repair of dilapidated chapels; these were denied all external attributes of Orthodox churches. The law did not allow ordination of Old Believers ministers and limited their movement while performing spiritual rites. Finally, the legislation prohibited spreading of Old Faith and “seduction into the Raskol.” In case of violation of these laws and regulations, the Old Believers were subjected to various punishments. The study is based on investigatory documentation which testifies of repressive policies towards Old Believers. These records tell of the Old Believers’ reaction to the confessional policy and characterize the system of punishments. Among punishments used against Old Believers physical punishment (lashing), imprisonment (term of which was determined by the gravity of deed), and exile to the Transcaucasian (which included military service in the army) were prevalent. Most informative of all used sources are reports of bailiffs and uezd police officers, which contain important data on the progress of investigation, as well as property inventories compiled when searching Old Believers dwellings and chapels. On the whole, the studied investigatory records allow to trace the implementation of confessional policy in one region in the specified period of time and to determine its ultimate goal, that is, elimination of Old Believers.

scholarly journals On the History of Old Believer in Lithuania in 19th Century: Rimkai Old Believer Church Assembly in 1856 and its Resolutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Nadežda Morozova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diplomatic Edition ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of Old Believers in Lithuania in the 19th century is insufficiently studied. Well, we know the main centers, events and names of the most important figures, the key moments in the history of the Old Believer society are identified. But there are any generalizing monographs in this field and now the main task is to accumulate empirical material and try to put them in a future common historical narrative. The Old Believer community of Rimkai is one of the oldest in the central part of present-day Lithuania. In 1856 an Old Believers’ church assembly was held in the village of Rimkai. This assembly has so far been unknown in historiography, so this is the first time information about the meeting is being introduced into scientific circulation. The resolutions of the assembly are preserved in the only manuscript, which i s now held at the Russian State Library as part of E. V. Barsov’s collection no. 1025. The resolutions consist of 33 articles discussing the Old Believers’ iconolatry as well as regulation of ritual and everyday norms of behaviour applicable to both church leaders and ordinary parishioners. The documents were signed by 13 Old Believers’ spiritual fathers and monks from Lithuania and East Prussia. This study contains a diplomatic edition of Rimkai resolutions too. The text of the document is supplemented by historical commentary and source analysis.

scholarly journals Teaching Modern Greek to Classicists

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Jerneja Kavčič ◽  
Brian Daniel Joseph ◽  
Christopher Brown
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
History Of ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
The 19Th Century

The ideology of decline is a part of the history of the study and characterization of the Greek language from the Hellenistic period and the Roman Atticist movement right up to the emergence of katharevousa in the 19th century and the resulting modern diglossia. It is also clear, however, that there is an overwhelming presence of Ancient Greek vocabulary and forms in the modern language. Our position is that the recognition of such phenomena can provide a tool for introducing classicists to the modern language, a view that has various intellectual predecessors (e.g., Albert Thumb, Nicholas Bachtin, George Thomson, and Robert Browning). We thus propose a model for the teaching of Modern Greek to classicists that starts with words that we refer to as carry-overs. These are words that can be used in the modern language without requiring any explanation of pronunciation rules concerning Modern Greek spelling or of differences in meaning in comparison to their ancient predecessors (e.g., κακός ‘bad’, μικρός ‘small’, νέος ‘new’, μέλι ‘honey’, πίνετε ‘you drink’). Our data show that a beginners’ textbook of Ancient Greek may contain as many as a few hundred carry-over words, their exact number depending on the variety of the Erasmian pronunciation that is adopted in the teaching practice. However, the teaching of Modern Greek to classicists should also take into account lexical phenomena such as Ancient-Modern Greek false friends, as well as Modern Greek words that correspond to their ancient Greek predecessors only in terms of their written forms and meanings.

scholarly journals Uso de se com infinitivo do português clássico ao português europeu e brasileiro modernos (The usage of se in infinitival clauses from Classical to European and Brazilian Portuguese)

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Silvia Regina De Oliveira Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
European Portuguese ◽  
De Se ◽  
Infinitival Clauses ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The 19Th Century

Este artigo traz uma análise diacrônica das construções com SE e verbo no infinitivo associando-a a mudanças paramétricas que ocorreram ao longo da história do português: as mudanças na posição do sujeito e no tipo de SE. O fenômeno, que foi considerado típico de uma gramática brasileira, é na verdade uma construção da gramática do Português Clássico (séculos 16 e 17). As diferenças encontradas entre o comportamento do fenômeno no Português Clássico, Português Europeu (a partir do século 18) e Português Brasileiro (textos de autores brasileiros nascidos a partir do século 19) foram analisadas como resultados de diferentes gramáticas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Construções com SE. Mudança linguística. Português Europeu. Português Brasileiro. Português Clássico.ABSTRACT This paper brings a diachronic analysis of SE constructions in infinitival clauses, as a result of parametric changes that occurred throughout the history of Portuguese: changes in the subject position and type of SE. The phenomenon, which was considered typical of a Brazilian Grammar, appears as a construction of Classical Portuguese (between 16th and 17th centuries). The observed different patterns of the phenomenon in Classical Portuguese, European Portuguese (from 18th century on) and Brazilian Portuguese (texts written by Brazilian born from the 19th century on) were analyzed as result of different grammars.KEYWORDS: SE-constructions. Diachronic syntax. Classical Portuguese. European Portuguese. Brazilian Portuguese.

scholarly journals The Homeric poems in Romanian attire. A diachronic analysis (I)

Diacronia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petre Gheorghe Bârlea
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Recent Version

The present study examines the history of the Romanian translations of the Homeric poems, from the perspective of the evolution of Romanian literary language. We start from the premise that any such translation represents a test of virtuosity not only for the particular translator, but also for the respective modern language and culture, therefore we find it interesting to study the manner in which the development of Homeric exegesis and of translation theories parallel the phases of evolution in modern languages. Therefore the analytical framework will include principles, methods and instruments operating in such domains as language history, translation studies, as well as elements borrowed from contrastive-typological grammar, from philology, in the restrictive sense of the concept, from the theory of mentalities, cultural history and others. Our undertaking highlights the fact that the historical evolution of the act of translation is, naturally, marked by the translator’s personality (theoretical and ideological options, as well as linguistic competences, poetic flair), but also by the cultural context of the respective age and space. At least in the case of Romanian culture, it is noteworthy that, on the whole, the most recent version is also the best.

Joseph Scaliger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk van Miert
Keyword(s):  
The Bible ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

Chapter 1 shows that in Leiden around 1600 the type of philology that undermined the stability of the biblical text was kept indoors or was restricted to private correspondence. The independently minded Joseph Scaliger focused on chronology and history, and the history of the Bible was part of his studies, although it did not stand at the centre of his attention. Scaliger was reluctant to publish his philological annotations on the Bible. He adopted different levels of openness, depending on the medium. Scaliger observed that the text of the Bible was often not stable and irretrievably lost. He inculcated his textual-critical, linguistic and historical methods in his students Daniel Heinsius and Hugo Grotius. He exerted a profound influence on antiquarians such as Selden and Saumaise, not through a published work or an organized selection of biblical annotations, but through a number of methods and themes, which the next generation developed.

scholarly journals Языковая репрезентация ценностной картины мира нижегородского старообрядчества на страницах газеты "Ведомости Нижегородской епархии" 1865-1868 гг.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (XXIII) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Anna Komyshkova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is devoted to the linguistic research of journalistic essays devoted to Old Believers published in the newspaper Nizhny Novgorod Diocesan Gazette in 1865-1868. The culture of Old Believers in the middle of the 19th century in the Nizhny Novgorod land was very developed, which is why for several years the newspaper published essays about the history of this movement. The publication formulated its goal as informing and educating the reader, while the target audience of the newspaper was primarily considered to be rural priests. It is interesting that in the pursuit of an objective presentation of historical facts, the newspaper's journalists represent the system of values of dissenters in a peculiar way. The article analyzes the representation of such concepts as "sacrament", "sin" and "crime", and identifies the main value oppositions that express the conflict between the perception of the world by Old Believers and the authors of newspaper essays: "external – internal", "civil – spiritual".

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