Dedekind on Continuity

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-282
Author(s):  
Emmylou Haffner ◽  
Dirk Schlimm
Keyword(s):  
Riemann Surfaces ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Irrational Numbers ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Continuous Domains ◽  
Mathematical Texts

In this chapter we present Richard Dedekind’s conception of continuity and his various approaches to continuous domains in a historical context. In addition to his seminal work on foundations of irrational numbers (Stetigkeit und irrationale Zahlen, 1872), we also include a discussion of more mathematical texts (both published and unpublished) in which Dedekind also treats other continuous domains, such as Riemann surfaces, spaces, and multiply extended continuous domains. Dedekind’s reflections on these matters illustrate the wide range and general coherence of his thoughts. In particular, while Dedekind’s approach to mathematics can be characterized as being axiomatic, mapping-based, structuralist, and increasingly abstract, we argue that there is also a more general outlook underlying his methodology, which can be described as being, broadly understood, arithmetical.

Vital Defenses

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Stevenson ◽  
Tammy L. Henderson ◽  
Eboni Baugh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Cash Assistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Penetration ◽  
Support Resources ◽  
Child Centered ◽  
Temporary Assistance

Guided by the conceptual frameworks of social support appraisal mechanisms and cultural variant perspectives, the reported experiences of 23 Black grandmothers parenting grandchildren who receive cash assistance under the current welfare program, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), were used to integrate macro- and micro-level perspectives by exploring mechanisms used to appraise social support resources within a historical context. Mechanisms of social support appraisals included personal esteem (i.e., adaptive pride, self-reliance, and personal resources) and social penetration (i.e., family respect and responsibility, reaction to myths or stereotypical views held about poor people, and normative child-centered activities) as economically poor grandmothers demonstrated strong personal integrity and familial responsibility. Grandmothers relied on a wide range of sources for formal and informal support to provide for their grandchildren. Recommendations for future research are discussed to fortify established family defenses.

Dialogs ar vizuālo mākslu: mākslinieks un mākslas darbs

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Inta Klāsone ◽  
Solvita Spirģe-Sēne
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Public Consciousness

Nowadays, various forms of visual art have brought closer people’s daily lives to the processes that occur in the society. At the same time, the visually fulfilled environment has created favourable conditions for misunderstanding the contexts and meanings of artworks. This article draws attention to the fact that dialogue with visual art can be an important tool for developing personal values and promoting the spiritual understanding of a cultural environment. The topicality of the issue is supported by the educational trends of the 21st century – to educate comprehensive people who are capable of doing a wide range of tasks, constantly continuing their learning and development. Art plays an initiator’s role in social life and it encompasses all spiritual realms of humanity, which cannot be accomplished by other forms of public consciousness. A work of art can be viewed as a multi-layered expression of thoughts in an artistic form of images and symbols. The artist's work means producing a coded text or message. This article includes insights of scholars and artists developing an understanding of the artist’s work and artworks in a cultural and historical context to enrich the individual's competence base, and examples of the work and beliefs of particular artists of the 21st century.

Defending Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gawdat Bahgat ◽  
Anoushiravan Ehteshami
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Irregular Forces ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
War Experience

Since the 1979 revolution, the ruling establishment of Iran has developed and articulated a defense strategy reflective of the country's Iran-Iraq war experience and its international isolation. Its asymmetrical warfare doctrine, use of irregular forces in military campaigns, deployment of ballistic missiles, use of fast naval vessels to harass and confuse adversaries, and finally development of a sophisticated cyber warfare capability, are all features of this unique defense strategy. Based on a wide range of primary sources in Persian, Arabic and English, Gawdat Bahgat and Anoushiravan Ehteshami offer a detailed and authoritative analysis of Iran's defense strategy. Additionally, this book provides a comparative analysis of the Islamic Republic's capabilities in relation to Israel and Saudi Arabia, its main regional adversaries. Framing Tehran's threat perceptions following the revolution within a wider historical context, this book will facilitate further analytical reflections on the country's changing role in the region, and its relations further afield, with the United States, Europe, Russia and China.

Problematic “Idiosyncrasies”: Rediscovering the Historical Context of D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson's Science of Form

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Program ◽  
International Research ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Organismal Biology ◽  
Private Correspondence ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
International Research Program

ArgumentD’Arcy Thompson has often been portrayed as a loner. His science of form has frequently been labeled anachronistic, idiosyncratic, and unconnected to his contemporary biology. This article aims to challenge this interpretation. Thompson's representation as a loner did not lie in the idiosyncrasies of his science, but in our own historiography. Through the use of unedited archival sources, this study shows that Thompson's biology was well-connected to an international research program – a program mainly shared by developmental biologists, physiologists, and morphologists. In addition, this article also aims to propose a new interpretation of Thompson'sOn Growth and Form. Drawing on his private correspondence and published sources, the paper re-contextualizes the contents and conclusions of Thompson's seminal work. We will see that Thompson defended a particular kind of organismal biology. The bio-science he supported stemmed not only from Aristotle's zoology or Pythagorean mathematics, but had many allies among twentieth-century naturalists.

The Past in Weimar History

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT GERWARTH
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
German History ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

This article examines Weimar Germany's public controversy about the Republic's place in German history. In a period that was seen by many contemporaries as a time deprived of historical context, all political parties tried to legitimise their actions and aims through the construction of very different historical traditions. Based on a wide range of primary sources, the article seeks to analyse this ‘battle over the past’ within the broader context of Weimar's political culture and the Republic's struggle for survival.

scholarly journals The Science and Engineering of Stem Cell–Derived Organoids-Examples from Hepatic, Biliary, and Pancreatic Tissues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogechi Ogoke ◽  
Mitchell Maloy ◽  
Natesh Parashurama
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cellular Therapy ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
And Function ◽  
Better Than

Organoid engineering promises to revolutionize medicine with wide ranging applications of scientific, engineering, and clinical interest, including precision and personalized medicine, gene editing, drug development, disease modeling, cellular therapy, and a basic understanding of human development. Organoids are a three-dimensional (3D), miniature, caricature of a target organ, are initiated with stem/progenitor cells, and are extremely promising tools to model organ function. The biological basis for organoids is that they foster stem cell-self renewal, differentiation, and self-organization, recapitulating tissue structure or function better than 2D systems. In this review, we first discuss the importance of epithelial organs and the general properties of epithelial cells to provide context for the liver, pancreas, and gall bladder and rationale for organoid cultures. Next, we develop a general framework to understand self-organization, tissue hierarchy, and organoid cultivation. For each of these areas, we provide historical context, and review both a wide range of biological and/or biophysical/mathematic perspectives that enhances understanding of organoids. Next, we review existing techniques and progress in hepatobiliary and pancreatic organoid engineering. To do this, we review organoids from both primary tissues, cell lines, and stem cells, and introduce engineering studies when applicable. Noninvasive assessment of 1 organoids can reveal underlying biology and enable improved assays for growth, metabolism, and function. Applications of organoid for cell therapy are also discussed. Taken together, we establish a broad strong scientific foundation for organoids and provide an in-depth review of hepatic, biliary and pancreatic organoids.

scholarly journals The Neglected History of Furū’ and the Premodern/Modern Binary

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Katz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Inflection Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Marion Katz reflects on major developments in Islamic legal studies since the 1990’s, the decade that saw – as noted in the introduction to this Roundtable– expanded and diversified scholarly attention to Islamic legal studies. For her, it is puzzling then that outdated frameworks continue to percolate in the field, such as the crude “premodern / modern binary” and the continued neglect of what she calls fiqh studies. Katz urges scholars to pursue more nuanced approaches to deal with the sheer volume of the textual corpus and to fill in chasmic history of substantive law, namely: (1) the study of “core samples,” that is, the diachronic investigation of individual concepts and doctrines to document inflection points, and (2) the study of “transverse slices,” that is, the synchronic study of a wide range of material from a specific historical context that helps expose underlying and pervasive assumptions behind a broad area of law. 

scholarly journals A Look Behind the Scenes: Danish Renaissance Martial Arts during the Reign of Christian IV

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Claus Frederik Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many

Abstract From the 4th – 7th of July 2016, the annual International Medieval Congress was held in Leeds, England. Among the many different sessions two specifically addressed historical European martial arts. The first session discussed and commented upon modern practices and interpretations of historical European martial arts, each paper being based on good practice and the proper criteria for academic research. The second session, in which this paper was presented, went more “behind the scenes”, discussing the importance of thorough analysis of the historical context which remains essential to forming a foundation for solid hypotheses and interpretations. This article discusses and sheds light upon Danish historical martial art during the reign of the Danish King Christian IV (r.1588 to 1648). At this point in time Europe consisted of many small principalities in addition to a few larger states and kingdoms. Thoughts and ideas could spread as quickly as ripples in water but also be bound by political and religious alliances or enmities, plague, famine and not to mention the role also played by topographical and cultural differences. Thus, at times, vast cultural differences could be seen from region to region. To this should be added a wide range of social factors, such as the role of relationships and mentalities, and the obeying of unspoken norms and codes which can also affect modern researchers’ interpretations of what is shown or described. Therefore, the aim of this article is to provide a series of “behind the scenes” examples which all have the potential to affect hypotheses, interpretations, and overall understandings of the context of historical European martial arts.

scholarly journals Munda Folktales of Jharkhand

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1268-1276
Author(s):  
Laxmi Kumari ◽  
Md. Mojibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Mental Functioning ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Expression Form

The present study aims at discourse analysis of Mundari Folktales of Jharkhand using sociocultural features. Discourse Analysis acts as an umbrella term for a rapidly growing field of research covering a wide range of different theoretical approaches and analytical emphases. It is assumed that different constructions of the world are represented in a number of ways. To understand different constructions, one needs to understand the factors that drive and shape the behavior of the people as individuals and collectively. The sociocultural discourse analysis focuses on the use of language as a social mode of thinking. The work of sociocultural theory is to explain how individual mental functioning is related to cultural, institutional, and historical context. This method will not only analyze words, sentences, expression, form and meaning but also analyze all kinds of social and cultural factors related to discourse. The intention behind the study is contribution to the repertoire of knowledge on Mundari folktales as an area which has remained unexplored over years. Despite being one of the major tribes of Jharkhand, these indigenous lives have not been a part of scholarly research yet. The tales are collected by different people and they are translated also but discourse study of the tales has not been dealt yet. Through the study of the tales one can learn their customs, culture, rituals, social activities and way of living. The emphases will be on analyzing people, their culture and society through the language used in the text.

scholarly journals Success: A measure of what we value?: An exploration of the discursive construction of educational success in the public domain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eliza de Waal-Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
School Level ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
Education Today ◽  
Key Participants

<p>In a time of rapid technological and social change, questions are being asked about whether current notions of education can adequately prepare students for a future that is often described as uncertain and complex. Public debates arising from these questions suggest that while education is generally highly valued, the ideals and purposes, or indeed, what is considered successful education, is neither clearly defined nor commonly understood. This is reflected in a public discourse that consists of fragmented issues, short-term solutions and apportioning blame. Based on the premise that language both reflects and constructs aspects of society, this thesis analyses a range of contemporary public discourses to examine the concept of success in education, at the school level. The data includes foundational educational documents from the Ministry of Education, press releases, and reported newspaper articles.  Using Critical Discourse Analysis, in the style of Fairclough, Wodak and van Dijk, I examine linguistic constructions associated with success in detail, and consider these in a wider social and historical context. My research reveals seemingly innocuous language features that undermine deeply held democratic views of education and reconstructs them to fit within managerial mechanisms of neoliberal ideology. I argue that the resulting conflicts between the social and economic values underlying educational discourses are reflected in the lack of coherence across the wide range of complex issues in the public discourse. Furthermore, this conflict contributes to diminishing engagement with these issues, a sense of confusion about what is desired for education, and increasing indifference to inequities in New Zealand education today. The conclusion I draw from this is that such conflict makes it impossible for key participants in educational debates to make progress towards a coherent and effective educational framework for the future.</p>

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