Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Hans-Jörg Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This chapter concludes the book. The distinguishing features of the EC-Model are highlighted, especially those that set it apart from the functionalist usage-based mainstream. An outlook on future work identifies weaknesses of the model that must be redressed in the future and sketches some avenues for future research, e.g. by means of computer simulations. The final section returns to the questions what and where the linguistic system can be found and defines the linguistic system as a multidimensional dynamic contingency space populated by multidimensionally competing co-semiotic potentialities afforded by the interaction of speakers’ usage activities and social and cognitive processes under the influence of a wide range of forces.

scholarly journals Holothuria leucospilota Population in Satang Besar Island, Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohd Nasarudin Harith ◽  
Muhammad Hasanol Isyraf Md Desa ◽  
Zaidnuddin Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
The Future ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Future Work

Holothuria leucospilota or locally known as “Patola” is currently considered the most abundant sea cucumber species in Malaysia. This coral reef-dwelling species is not in danger of extinction in comparison to commercial sea cucumbers such as “gamat.” However, overfishing activities in addition to lack of fishing regulations in Malaysia could put this species at risk of extinction in the future. It is important to conduct research on the sea cucumber community in Sarawak because the data can be used as reliable information for future research. Therefore, this study is carried out to quantify and estimate the Holothuria leucospilota population from an intertidal area of Satang Besar Island, Sarawak, Malaysia. Ten stations surrounding the island were selected as the location for this study. A total number of 203 individuals of Holothuria leucospilota were recorded and estimation of the population that inhabits the island’s intertidal area was 609 individuals. RELATE test showed relationships between species population and water parameters, namely, temperature, salinity, and pH. Results from this study are important as a baseline data that might contribute to the sustainable management of Sarawak, Malaysia’s sea cucumber in the future. Future work suggestions include addition of subtidal samples and other factors, namely, seawater nutrients and feeding environment, that should be done to better understand the population.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity of Microgrid: State-of-the-Art Review and Possible Directions of Future Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9812
Author(s):  
Norziana Jamil ◽  
Qais Saif Qassim ◽  
Farah Aqilah Bohani ◽  
Muhamad Mansor ◽  
Vigna Kumaran Ramachandaramurthy
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

The infrastructure of and processes involved in a microgrid electrical system require advanced technology to facilitate connection among its various components in order to provide the intelligence and automation that can benefit users. As a consequence, the microgrid has vulnerabilities that can expose it to a wide range of attacks. If they are not adequately addressed, these vulnerabilities may have a destructive impact on a country’s critical infrastructure and economy. While the impact of exploiting vulnerabilities in them is understood, research on the cybersecurity of microgrids is inadequate. This paper provides a comprehensive review of microgrid cybersecurity. In particular, it (1) reviews the state-of-the-art microgrid electrical systems, communication protocols, standards, and vulnerabilities while highlighting prevalent solutions to cybersecurity-related issues in them; (2) provides recommendations to enhance the security of these systems by segregating layers of the microgrid, and (3) identifies the gap in research in the area, and suggests directions for future work to enhance the cybersecurity of microgrids.

Evolution and Biogeography

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Patterns And Processes

This volume examines Evolution and Biogeography of Crustacea, one of the dominant groups of animals, especially in aquatic environments. The first part of this volume is dedicated to the explanation of the origins and successful establishment of the Crustacea in the oceans. In the second part the biogeography of the Crustacea is explored in order to infer how they conquered different biomes globally, while adapting to a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial conditions. A final section examines more general patterns and processes, and looks to the future. Collectively, these eighteen chapters provide a thorough exposition of present knowledge across the major themes in evolution and biogeography of crustaceans. They do this by summarizing what is known and providing novel analyses of patterns.

scholarly journals Development of research priorities in paediatric pain and palliative care

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Liossi ◽  
Anna-Karenia Anderson ◽  
Richard F Howard ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future

Priority setting for healthcare research is as important as conducting the research itself because rigorous and systematic processes of priority setting can make an important contribution to the quality of research. This project aimed to prioritise clinical therapeutic uncertainties in paediatric pain and palliative care in order to encourage and inform the future research agenda and raise the profile of paediatric pain and palliative care in the United Kingdom. Clinical therapeutic uncertainties were identified and transformed into patient, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) format and prioritised using a modified Nominal Group Technique. Members of the Clinical Studies Group in Pain and Palliative Care within National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN)-Children took part in the prioritisation exercise. There were 11 clinically active professionals spanning across a wide range of paediatric disciplines and one parent representative. The top three research priorities related to establishing the safety and efficacy of (1) gabapentin in the management of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics, (2) intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of post-operative pain in pre-schoolers and (3) different opioid formulations in the management of acute pain in children while at home. Questions about the long-term effect of psychological interventions in the management of chronic pain and various pharmacological interventions to improve pain and symptom management in palliative care were among the ‘top 10’ priorities. The results of prioritisation were included in the UK Database of Uncertainties about the Effects of Treatments (DUETS) database. Increased awareness of priorities and priority-setting processes should encourage clinicians and other stakeholders to engage in such exercises in the future.

scholarly journals Future Making and Visual Artefacts: An Ethnographic Study of a Design Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Comi ◽  
Jennifer Whyte
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Uncertain Future

Current research on strategizing and organizing has explored how practitioners make sense of an uncertain future, but provides limited explanations of how they actually make a realizable course of action for the future. A focus on making rather than sensemaking brings into view the visual artefacts that practitioners use in giving form to what is ‘not yet’ – drawings, models and sketches. We explore how visual artefacts are used in making a realizable course of action, by analysing ethnographic data from an architectural studio designing a development strategy for their client. We document how visual artefacts become enrolled in practices of imagining, testing, stabilizing and reifying, through which abstract imaginings of the future are turned into a realizable course of action. We then elaborate on higher-order findings that are generalizable to a wide range of organizational settings, and discuss their implications for future research in strategizing and organizing. This paper contributes in two ways: first, it offers future making as an alternative perspective on how practitioners orient themselves towards the future (different from current perspectives such as foreseeing, future perfect thinking and wayfinding). Second, it advances our understanding of visual artefacts and their performativity in the making of organizational futures.

Text Recognition in the Wild

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Chen ◽  
Lianwen Jin ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhu ◽  
Canjie Luo ◽  
Tianwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Text Recognition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scene Text ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Scene Text Recognition

The history of text can be traced back over thousands of years. Rich and precise semantic information carried by text is important in a wide range of vision-based application scenarios. Therefore, text recognition in natural scenes has been an active research topic in computer vision and pattern recognition. In recent years, with the rise and development of deep learning, numerous methods have shown promising results in terms of innovation, practicality, and efficiency. This article aims to (1) summarize the fundamental problems and the state-of-the-art associated with scene text recognition, (2) introduce new insights and ideas, (3) provide a comprehensive review of publicly available resources, and (4) point out directions for future work. In summary, this literature review attempts to present an entire picture of the field of scene text recognition. It provides a comprehensive reference for people entering this field and could be helpful in inspiring future research. Related resources are available at our GitHub repository: https://github.com/HCIILAB/Scene-Text-Recognition.

scholarly journals The Earnings Gap and Pay Equity: Developments in Five Countries

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyman Prue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
The Future

In this paper, I define the major terms then briefly outline the pay equity initiatives taken in each country. I then discuss the use of lower levels or more rapid rates of decrease of the female male earnings gap as proxies for less gender discrimination in the labour market. The relative importance of pay equity developments, summarised into typologies, as against economic and political climates for success, is then assessed. A final section speculates on the future of the earnings gap and pay equity in New Zealand and suggests where future research is most needed.

scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Applications for Safety Management in the AEC Industry: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Lei Hou ◽  
Haosen Chen ◽  
Guomin (Kevin) Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Aec Industry

Safety is an essential topic to the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. However, traditional methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) and jobsite safety management (JSM) are not only inefficient, but also costly. In the past decade, scholars have developed a wide range of deep learning (DL) applications to address automated structure inspection and on-site safety monitoring, such as the identification of structural defects, deterioration patterns, unsafe workforce behaviors and latent risk factors. Although numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of the DL methodology, there has not been one comprehensive, systematic, evidence-based review of all individual articles that investigate the effectiveness of using DL in the SHM and JSM industry to date, nor has there been an examination of this body of evidence in regard to these methodological problems. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to disclose the state of the art of current research progress and determine the relevant gaps, challenges and future work. Methodically, CiteSpace was employed to summarize the research trends, advancements and frontiers of DL applications from 2010 to 2020. Next, an application-focused literature review was conducted, which led to a summary of research gaps, recommendations and future research directions. Overall, this review gains insight into SHM and JSM and aims to help researchers formulate more types of effective DL applications which have not been addressed sufficiently for the time being.

Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Holyfield ◽  
Sydney Brooks ◽  
Allison Schluterman
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

Purpose Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement. Method Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order. Results According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC. Conclusions Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document