Understanding Muslim Prisoners through a Global Lens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hindpal Singh Bhui
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Positive Engagement

This chapter discusses how narratives about security, extremism, and migration may be influenced by racist stereotyping, thereby undermining positive engagement between prison staff and Muslim prisoners in England and Wales. It argues that wider discourses about Muslim prisoners are dominated by a narrative of threat that draws strongly on anti-migrant feelings and racism, encouraged by growing scepticism about British multiculturalism and essentialist conceptualizations of minority groups. The chapter suggests that the damaging impact of this narrative can be challenged through better incorporation into practice of the insights of empirical research involving foreign and Muslim prisoners.

ВОСПИТАНИЕ В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ Воспитание в профессиональном образовании Германии: роль педагога

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
Professional Responsibility ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Educational Task ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Training

Educators involved in the implementation of vocational education and training (VET) are key actors ensuring its quality. This article focuses on professional responsibility of educators in the German VET system. More specifically, it concentrates on their task to educate. The explicit and implicit embedment of the educational task of vocational school teachers and company trainers in normative and regulatory framework of dual VET is explored. Further, the article addresses the development of the educational task of VET educators over the time. It is shown that in the course of the last decades, a transformation of VET educators’ roles and tasks as a result of the changing goals of VET took place. Along with these changes, the educational task of VET educators with respect to development of leaners’ personality and their personality-related qualities and virtues has gained importance. Furthermore, in light of the growing influence of globalization and migration processes, promotion of students’ intercultural competence becomes an integral part of their responsibility. Finally, the article shows that in spite of the growing importance of the topic, the empirical research on how role-related normative demands are perceived, adopted and fulfilled by VET educators in praxis remains scarce. Статья посвящена вопросам профессиональной ответственности педагогов профессиональ- ного образования Германии за целостное развитие учащихся в условиях законодательно поддерживаемой системы дуального обучения. Повышение значимости воспитательной компоненты в деятельности педагогов профессионального образования обусловлено ра- стущим влиянием процессов глобализации и миграции, а формирование межкультурной компетенции становится важной частью педагогической деятельности. В статье приведены и проанализированы примеры и приемы явного и неявного воспитательного воздействия, применяемые педагогами и наставниками в процессе обучения. В заключение отмечается, что существующий на сегодняшний день уровень теоретического осмысления проблемы вос питания в системе профессионального образования не соответствует актуальности тематики.

The changing interaction of ethnic and socio-economic segregation in England and Wales, 1991–2011

Ethnicities ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Harris ◽  
Ron Johnston ◽  
David Manley
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Ethnic Residential Segregation ◽  
The Uk

Following the publication of the 2001 and 2011 Census data, considerable attention has been given to patterns of ethnic residential segregation within the UK. The evidence contributes to debates about integration; however, as Kapoor (2013) has argued, discussion about it also risks promoting the idea that what we measure is voluntary segregation, arising from the outcome of residential choices and a preference to live with one's ethno-cultural peers. In reality, ethnic and social segregation overlap and are easily confounded; it is important to pay attention to where they geographically coincide. In this paper we use an area typology to assess whether minority ethnic groups are disproportionately concentrated in neighbourhoods in England and Wales containing the lowest proportions of their adult populations in full-time employment, and evaluate how those concentrations have changed between 1991 and 2011. We consider the (residential) exposure of the ethnic groups to the White British and also to each other, and identify the groups affected by the persistence of economic disadvantage. The analysis shows that patterns of ethnic segregation intersect strongly with neighbourhoods of socio-economic disadvantage, with inequalities in the labour market and the increase of part-time working suggested as contributing factors. A decreased exposure to the White British is an increased characteristic of the disadvantaged neighbourhoods where minority groups live. However, exposure between those groups has increased.

scholarly journals Does ethnic diversity explain intra-UK variation in mortality? A longitudinal cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024563
Author(s):  
Lauren Schofield ◽  
David Walsh ◽  
Zhiqiang Feng ◽  
Duncan Buchanan ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mortality Incidence ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesIt has been proposed that part of the explanation for higher mortality in Scotland compared with England and Wales, and Glasgow compared with other UK cities, relates to greater ethnic diversity in England and Wales. We sought to assess the extent to which this excess was attenuated by adjusting for ethnicity. We additionally explored the role of country of birth in any observed differences.SettingScotland and England and Wales; Glasgow and Manchester.ParticipantsWe used the Scottish Longitudinal Study and the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study of England and Wales (2001–2010). Participants (362 491 in total) were aged 35–74 years at baseline.Primary outcome measuresRisk of all-cause mortality between 35 and 74 years old in Scotland and England and Wales, and in Glasgow and Manchester, adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic position (SEP), ethnicity and country of birth.Results18% of the Manchester sample was non-White compared with 3% in Glasgow (England and Wales: 10.4%; Scotland: 1.2%). The mortality incidence rate ratio was 1.33 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.56) in Glasgow compared with Manchester. This reduced to 1.25 (1.07 to 1.47) adjusting for SEP, and to 1.20 (1.02 to 1.42) adjusting for ethnicity and country of birth. For Scotland versus England and Wales, the corresponding figures were 18% higher mortality, reducing to 10%, and then 7%. Non-Whites born outside the UK had lower mortality. In the Scottish samples only, non-Whites born in the UK had significantly higher mortality than Whites born in the UK.ConclusionsThe research supports the hypothesis that ethnic diversity and migration from outside UK play a role in explaining Scottish excess mortality. In Glasgow especially, however, a large excess remains: thus, previously articulated policy implications (addressing poverty, vulnerability and inequality) still apply.

THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON MURDER RATES AND ON THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOMICIDE IN ENGLAND AND WALES, 1780–1850

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER KING
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAlthough higher murder rates have traditionally been associated with large cities, this view has recently been challenged by several historians who have argued that ‘homicide rates were negatively correlated with urbanisation and industrialisation’, and this is rapidly becoming the new consensus. By exploring the geography of homicide rates for one area undergoing rapid urbanization and industrialization – England and Wales, 1780–1850 – this article challenges this new view and re-assesses the relationship between recorded homicide rates and both modernization and urbanization. After discussing the methodological problems involved in using homicide statistics, it focuses mainly on the first fifteen years for which detailed county-based data is available – 1834–48 – as well as looking at the more limited late eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century evidence. This data raises fundamental questions about the links historians have recently made between urbanization and low homicide rates, since the remote rural parts of England and Wales generally had very low recorded murder rates while industrializing and rapidly urbanizing areas such as Lancashire had very high ones. Potential explanations for these systematic and large variations between urban and rural areas – including the impact of age structures and migration patterns – are then explored.

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC DECOMPOSITION OF THE MARRIAGE MARKET IN ENGLAND AND WALES 1911–1991

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
MÁIRE NÍ BHROLCHÁIN
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Marriage Market ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Previous Birth ◽  
And Migration

SummaryA method for decomposing partner availability into its demographic components (preferences, previous birth trends, migration and mortality, and structure by marital status) is presented and applied to marriage market estimates for selected census years 1911–91 in England and Wales. Preferences are a key component at the youngest ages. The role of other factors varies by age and time period. Contrary to widespread assumption, variation in cohort sizes resulting from past fertility trends is not the dominant contributor to partner availability during this period. Mortality and migration effects tend to be larger than the effect of birth trends and the two marital status components are generally the largest in size. Determinants of intercensal change are similar to the cross-sectional picture. Reasons for the modest contribution of trends in annual births are discussed. Cohort effects on partner supply are not necessarily absent but could arise through a number of mechanisms.

Does Social Disadvantage Explain the Higher Risk of Psychosis in Immigrants? Results from the Eugei Study in London

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S65-S66
Author(s):  
S.A. Stilo ◽  
C. Gayer-Anderson ◽  
S. Beards ◽  
F. Bourque ◽  
V. Mondelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Disadvantage ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Psychotic Experience ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Main Effects

Evidence indicates that migrant and ethnic minority groups have an elevated risk of psychosis in a number of countries. Social disadvantage is one of the hypotheses put forward to explain these findings. The aim of this study is to investigate main effects, association and synergism between social disadvantage and migration on odds of psychotic experiences. We collected information on social disadvantage and migration from 332 patients and from 301 controls recruited from the local population in South London. Two indicators of social disadvantage in childhood and six indicators of social disadvantage in adulthood were analyzed. We found evidence that the odds of reporting psychotic experience were higher in those who experienced social disadvantage in childhood (OR= 2.88, 95% CI 2.03-4.06), social disadvantage in adulthood (OR= 9.06, 95% CI 5.21–15.74) and migration (OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.05–2.02). When both social disadvantage and migration were considered together, the association with psychosis was slightly higher for social disadvantage in childhood and migration (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.12–5.62) and social disadvantage in adulthood and migration (OR 9.10, 95% CI 4.63-17.86). Migrant cases were not more likely than non-migrant cases to report social disadvantage (p = 0.71) and no evidence of an additive interaction between migration and social disadvantage was found (ICR 0.32 95% CI -4.04–4.69). Preliminary results support the hypothesis that the association between social disadvantage and psychosis is independent of migration status.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Integration of New and Old Minorities: Beyond a Janus-Faced Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Roberta Medda-Windischer
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
And Migration ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
Minority Integration

Diversity and integration issues are undoubtedly amongst the most salient ones on today’s political agenda. Most European states have been searching for models and policies to accommodate diversity claims and integrate not only old minority groups, but increasingly also new minority groups stemming from international mobility flows. This article addresses these issues by bridging two fields of research: minorities and migration. Studying the interaction between ‘old’ and ‘new’ minority groups is not an obvious task since, so far, these topics have been studied in isolation from one other. The article investigates the alleged dichotomy between old and new minorities, their similarities and differences, especially in terms of rights and claims, and the potential extension of the scope of application of international instruments for the protection of minorities, such as the Framework Convention for the Protection on National Minorities (FCNM), as to include new minorities too. In the final part, the article analyses the states’ responses to diversity with the aim to develop a common model for minority integration encompassing old and new minority groups.

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