Quantificational cycles and shifts

2019 ◽  
pp. 155-176
Author(s):  
Mitrović Moreno
Keyword(s):  
System Change ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Single Feature ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Typological Approach ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Feature System

The chapter reports an inter-genetic diachronic study of quantificational particles, drawing from Indo-European and Japonic and making a case for diachronic typological approach to the syntax/semantics/pragmatics of quantificational meanings motivating a treatment of unidirectional semi- or fully cyclical change. Empirically, the quantificational expressions under investigation conform to the bimorphemic expression that comprises a wh-stem and a quantification particle (dubbed ‘superparticle’), e.g. *kwe in Proto-IE, and mo in Old Japanese. The grammaticalization of scalar universal quantifiers into negative polarity items (NPIs) in the history of Japonic is presented using a single feature-system change. What is more, the same feature system is assumed to underlie the aetiology of the ‘quantifier split’ in Indo-European. Theoretically, to present the fully explanatory view of the quantificational shifts and cycles, a novel model of a syntactico-centric pragmatics of grammaticized implicatures (Chierchia et al., 2012; Chierchia, 2013) is assumed.

The Subaltern Critique of Dominant Historiography and a Case for Retrieving a Historiography of Dalit Literary Traditions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Vandana
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Literary Traditions ◽  
Literary Historiography ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longue Duree ◽  
Longue Durée ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Third World

In order to retrieve literary history in India, teleology operates on three levels: ancient, medieval and modern. As per the longue duree approach to the study of history, history is not an event or an object, but like the concept of time, is a configuration and a process. The history of the longue duree gives priority to long-term monumental historic patterns, moments and shifts in society, that is, the slow-paced structural processes which tend to have strong historical consequences. Similarly, languages and literatures, too, marked by historical catastrophes, undergo a process of sedimentation. For this reason, instead of a single literary history of South Asia, Sheldon Pollock proposes the concept of ‘literary cultures’ which allows room for ‘historical individuation’ of each culture rather than homogenising them merely for the sake of historical analysis. The basic questions that I have tried to look into through this study include: Why is it problematic to retrieve literary history in India? Why is it essential to have an alternative literary historiography of Dalit literature? How does Dalit subalternity differ from colonial subalternity? How the Dalit voice is disintegrated from within because of the prevalence of graded inequality? What constitutes the politics of history writing and canon formation in the third world countries like India where retrieving subaltern literary trends remain a problematic discourse?

scholarly journals The Temporomandibular Joint in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient after Orthodontic Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Sasaguri ◽  
Rika Ishizaki-Takeuchi ◽  
Sakurako Kuramae ◽  
Eliana Midori Tanaka ◽  
Takashi Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Open Bite ◽  
Anterior Open Bite ◽  
Orthodontic Therapy ◽  
Japanese Female ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of

Abstract A 32-year-old Japanese female patient consulted the authors' dental clinic with a 4.5-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). She complained of pain during mouth opening and difficulty in eating due to masticatory dysfunction caused by an anterior open bite. Imaging showed severe erosion and flattening of both condyles. RA stabilized after pharmacological therapy and became inactive during the orthodontic therapy aimed at reconstructing an optimal occlusion capable of promoting functional repositioning of the mandible. At present, 4 years and 2 months postretention, the reconstructed occlusion remains stable, and both condyles continue to be remodeled. The distance from reference position to intercuspal position has gradually decreased throughout the 4-year posttreatment and postretention periods. Orthodontic therapy that comprehensively reconstructs occlusion and enhances the functioning of the mandible can induce remodeling of eroded condyles, even those with a history of rheumatoid arthritis.

scholarly journals Multiple-System Atrophy in Long-Term Professional Painter: A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yusa Nagai ◽  
Riko Kitazawa ◽  
Miku Nakagawa ◽  
Munenori Komoda ◽  
Takeshi Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusion ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of

Introduction. Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and severe adult-onset, sporadic, and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Here, we describe an autopsy case of MSA in a long-term professional painter. Although typical glial cytoplasmic inclusion (GCI) was not observed in a routine histological examination, strong α-synuclein immunostaining in the nucleus confirmed the diagnosis of MSA.Case Presentation. A 48-year-old Japanese man with a long occupational history of professional painter was sent to the emergency room, where he died of multiple organ failure. The patient had suffered tremors and inarticulateness at age 28, developed diabetes at 42 and was diagnosed with spinocerebellar degeneration at 46. A histopathological examination showed severe neuronal loss, gliosis, and tissue rarefaction in the paleostriatum, striate body of the substantia nigra, the pons, and the olivary nucleus of the upper medulla oblongata, intermediolateral of the spinal gray matter (sacral region). α-synuclein-positive GCI in oligodendroglia was occurred in the cerebral cortex, the midbrain, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord. These findings confirmed the presence of multiple-system atrophy (OPCA+SDS).Conclusion. Although the pathogenesis of MSA is still unclear, prolonged, and extensive exposure to organic solvents, together with a hyperglycemic morbidity attributed to diabetes, may have contributed to the onset and clinical course of the present case.

scholarly journals Ouk ´Ismen Oudén: Negative Concord and Negative Polarity in the History of Greek

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Negative Concord ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Negative Marker ◽  
Existential Quantification ◽  
Single Set

In Ancient Greek a single set of indefinite enclitic pronouns was used indifferently in both negative/affective environments (i.e. like negative polarity items (NPI)) and in positive ones (i.e. like positive polarity items (PPI)). At the same time the negative pronouns used as negative quantifiers (NQ) were also employed as emphatic NPIs, with negative concord. The two functions of each class (i.e. PPI-like vs NPI-like, NQ vs NPI) were determined by syntactic distribution. In the specific case of negative sentences, an indefinite before a sentential negative marker (NM) functioned like a PPI but after a NM like an NPI, while a negative pronoun before a NM was an NQ but after an NM an NPI. This pattern was at odds with the canonical VSO clause structure that evolved in later antiquity, in which focal constituents were contrastively stressed and fronted to the left periphery: neither indefinite nor negative pronouns could be focalised because of the prosodic and/or semantic restrictions on their distribution. This deficiency was eventually remedied by formal/prosodic recharacterisation, the loss of NQs and the generalisation of NPIs to all syntactic positions available to DPs, including the focus position, a process that triggered their reinterpretation as involving universal quantification over negation rather than, as before, existential quantification under negation. The Modern Greek PPI kápjos and NPI kanís are traced from their origins in Ancient Greek and their role in the evolution of the system is explored. The final outcome is typologically to be expected in so far as NQs are redundant in a system in which NPIs appear freely both before and after NMs.

scholarly journals A Review of Arabicization as a Controversial Issue of Language Planning in the Sudan

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Asjad Ahmed Saeed Balla
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Southern Sudan ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Future Project

This paper tries to review the issue of Arabicization through languages policy in the Sudan by tracing the different periods of the ups and downs of this process in its social and political context. Arabization and Arabicization are two terms used to serve two different purposes. Arabization is the official orientation of the (ruling group) towards creating a pro-Arab environment, by adopting Arabic culture, Arabic language in addition to Islam as main features of Arabizing the Sudanese entity. The mechanism towards imposing this Arabization is through the use of Arabic, as the official language the group (government). Arabicization is an influential word in the history of education in Sudan. The Sudan faced two periods of colonialism before Independence, The Turkish and the Condominium (British-Egyptian) Rule. Through all these phases in addition to the Mahdist period between them, many changes and shifts took place in education and accordingly in the Arabicization process. During the Condominium period, the Christian missions tried strongly to separate the South Region from the North Region, and to achieve this goal the government fought against the Arabic language so it would not create a place among the people of the Southern Sudan. But in spite of all the efforts taken by the colonialists, Arabic language found its place as Lingua Franca among most of the Southern Sudan tribes. After independence, the Arabicization process pervaded education. Recently, the salvation revolution also has used Arabicization on a wider range, but Arabicization is still future project. Both Arabization and Arabicization are still controversial issues. 

scholarly journals  Atresia coli in a Japanese black calf diagnosed by a barium sulphate enema contrast radiograph in the standing position: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 376-379
Author(s):  
K. Abouelnasr ◽  
M. Ishii ◽  
H. Inokuma ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Barium Sulphate ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Anal Opening ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colon And Rectum

A three day-old Japanese black calf was admitted with a history of abdominal distension and absence of defecation. Dilated loops of the small intestine and hypoplasia of the colon and rectum was observed upon a contrast radiographic examination in the standing position. At necropsy atresia coli with undeveloped rectum and patent anal opening was found. We conclude that a contrast radiograph in the standing position is useful for diagnosing atresia coli in such cases.  

scholarly journals Unicuspid aortic valve concomitant with aortic insufficiency presenting with infectious endocarditis: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Yuzawa-Tsukada ◽  
Toshikazu D. Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Morimoto ◽  
Michihiro Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Insufficiency ◽  
Infectious Endocarditis ◽  
Cardiac Abnormality ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis ◽  
High Turbulence

Abstract Background A unicuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital cardiac abnormality. Despite its uncommon finding on an initial presentation, aortic insufficiency is accompanied with unicuspid aortic valve and this might reflect the natural history of progression in the morphology of unicuspid aortic valve. Case presentation We describe a 65-year-old Japanese man who was evaluated for endocarditis and found to have a unicuspid aortic valve concomitant with moderate aortic insufficiency, which was, owing to the lack of evidence of valve membrane destruction, independent of underlying infectious endocarditis. In addition, aortic insufficiency was progressed because of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis on the ventricular side, in areas of high turbulence around the heart valve. Conclusions Our case is unusual given the unicuspid aortic valve concomitant with aortic insufficiency, which was presumably independent of underlying infectious endocarditis because of the location of the vegetation and the lack of evidence of valve destruction. Therefore, attention should be paid to a variety of complications in the setting of unicuspid aortic valve.

Cochlear fistula found in a naturally healed tympanic cavity

1991 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 656-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Suzuki ◽  
Isao Nishida ◽  
Katsuhiro Hirakawa ◽  
Masafumi Nikaido ◽  
Yasuo Harada
Keyword(s):  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Mastoid Cavity ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
Horizontal Semicircular Canal ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exploratory Surgery

AbstractA cochlear fistula found in a naturally healed mastoid cavity is reported. The patient is a 53-year-old Japanese woman who was complaining of unsteadiness. She hada long history of otorrhoea in childhood. Her tympanic and mastoid cavities were widely open and were covered by thin epithelium. The posterior wall of the ear canal was missing. She had no hearing in the ear but responded to electrical promontory testing. Exploratory surgery was indicated at which fistulae of the basal turn of the cochlea and the horizontal semicircular canal were found. These fistulae were sealed by pieces of bone andmuscle.

Old and Middle Japanese

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarke Frellesvig
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Language ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Differential Object Marking ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
System P ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Pronominal System

Old and Middle Japanese are the pre-modern periods of the attested history of the Japanese language. Old Japanese (OJ) is largely the language of the 8th century, with a modest, but still significant number of written sources, most of which is poetry. Middle Japanese is divided into two distinct periods, Early Middle Japanese (EMJ, 800–1200) and Late Middle Japanese (LMJ, 1200–1600). EMJ saw most of the significant sound changes that took place in the language, as well as profound influence from Chinese, whereas most grammatical changes took place between the end of EMJ and the end of LMJ. By the end of LMJ, the Japanese language had reached a form that is not significantly different from present-day Japanese. OJ phonology was simple, both in terms of phoneme inventory and syllable structure, with a total of only 88 different syllables. In EMJ, the language became quantity sensitive, with the introduction of a long versus short syllables. OJ and EMJ had obligatory verb inflection for a number of modal and syntactic categories (including an important distinction between a conclusive and an (ad)nominalizing form), whereas the expression of aspect and tense was optional. Through late EMJ and LMJ this system changed completely to one without nominalizing inflection, but obligatory inflection for tense. The morphological pronominal system of OJ was lost in EMJ, which developed a range of lexical and lexically based terms of speaker and hearer reference. OJ had a two-way (speaker–nonspeaker) demonstrative system, which in EMJ was replaced by a three-way (proximal–mesial–distal) system. OJ had a system of differential object marking, based on specificity, as well as a word order rule that placed accusative marked objects before most subjects; both of these features were lost in EMJ. OJ and EMJ had genitive subject marking in subordinate clauses and in focused, interrogative and exclamative main clauses, but no case marking of subjects in declarative, optative, or imperative main clauses and no nominative marker. Through LMJ genitive subject marking was gradually circumscribed and a nominative case particle was acquired which could mark subjects in all types of clauses. OJ had a well-developed system of complex predicates, in which two verbs jointly formed the predicate of a single clause, which is the source of the LMJ and NJ (Modern Japanese) verb–verb compound complex predicates. OJ and EMJ also had mono-clausal focus constructions that functionally were similar to clefts in English; these constructions were lost in LMJ.

scholarly journals Neuroleptic malignant syndrome as part of an akinetic crisis associated with sepsis in a patient with Lewy body disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. bcr-2018-227216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Manabe ◽  
Hidetaka Yanagi ◽  
Hideki Ozawa ◽  
Atsushi Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Arrest ◽  
Lewy Body Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

A 65-year-old Japanese woman with Parkinson’s disease, later diagnosed with Lewy body disease, presented with a 2-day history of systemic tremors. She also had fever without rigidity or creatine kinase (CK) elevation. She was diagnosed with sepsis caused by pyelonephritis with acute kidney injury and parkinsonism exacerbation. Although antibiotic and fluid therapy improved her pyuria and renal function, her fever and tremors persisted. On the fourth day, her symptoms worsened and resulted in cardiopulmonary arrest; however, quick resuscitation allowed the return of spontaneous circulation. Simultaneously, hyperthermia, altered consciousness, extrapyramidal symptoms, dysautonomia and CK elevation were noted. Thus, dantrolene administration was initiated with a tentative diagnosis of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). This caused her fever to subside, and her symptoms gradually improved. It was difficult to distinguish between parkinsonism exacerbation associated with sepsis and NMS. Physicians should consider NMS early on, even if the patient does not fulfil the diagnostic criteria.

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