Organized Crime, the State, and Paramilitarism

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-114
Author(s):  
Uğur Ümit Üngör
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Law Making

How are paramilitarism and crime related to each other? Empirical studies of paramilitarism make abundantly clear that (organized) crime plays an important role in paramilitarism: the trade in illicit commodities and services and the fact that criminal gangs operate in secrecy are two phenomena that are closely related to paramilitary activity. The influences seem to run both ways: criminals benefit from paramilitarism, and paramilitarism often engenders crime. In many examples, entire organized crime structures have collided with states and paramilitary units. This chapter offers a deeper look at the relationships between paramilitarism and crime. It looks at how criminal organizations are coveted by states if the tasks at hand necessitate the need for trust that characterizes interpersonal relationships within criminal groups. The relationship is mutually beneficial, because it allows criminal groups to achieve a form of respectability, preserve their assets, and develop their activities by influencing law-making and extending their network. The chapter examines these shared interests and trade-offs, discusses organized crime in peace and wartime, and draws several paramilitary-criminal profiles of those who pursued not only wealth and private interests, but also political power.

scholarly journals Criminal Politics: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Organized Crime, Politics, and Violence

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 967-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Relationship

Over the last decade, organized criminal violence has reached unprecedented levels and has caused as much violent death globally as direct armed conflict. Nonetheless, the study of organized crime in political science remains limited because these organizations and their violence are not viewed as political. Building on recent innovations in the study of armed conflict, I argue that organized criminal violence should no longer be segregated from related forms of organized violence and incorporated within the political violence literature. While criminal organizations do not seek to replace or break away from the state, they have increasingly engaged in the politics of the state through the accumulation of the means of violence itself. Like other non-state armed groups, they have developed variously collaborative and competitive relationships with the state that have produced heightened levels of violence in many contexts and allowed these organizations to gather significant political authority. I propose a simple conceptual typology for incorporating the study of these organizations into the political violence literature and suggest several areas of future inquiry that will illuminate the relationship between violence and politics more generally.

scholarly journals Оn organized crime strategies (example of Ukraine and Spain)

1970 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Raisa Perelyhina ◽  
Yurii Dmytryshak
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Impact

Organized crime is one of the biggest problems of today’s states, with levels steadily increasing and engulfing more and more countries. Such crime is different from crimes that are committed unorganized or alone by their extreme danger to society. Organized crime influences important political and social processes in the state, interferes with the work of public authorities, which damages the efficiency of these bodies and reduces the level of trust in the state apparatus. In general, it can be argued that regardless of the specialization of criminal groups, organized crime is the most dangerous and complex anti-social phenomenon, it has no boundaries, and members of such a criminal group are located in different corners of the world and in the development of telecommunication, computer technologies, combating Organized crime requires new techniques In order to improve the fight against organized crime, Spain updates its legislation every year. This is due to the fact that criminal organizations are coming up with new methods and ways of carrying out their activities and pursuing their interests. Because of this, some old mafia techniques are simply not effective. The strategy has main objectives, it is the delimitation of criminal structures; reducing their activity; preventing the emergence of new criminal groups; reducing the impact on the public; counteracting the growing link between terrorism and organized crime. To do this, the strategy is built around ten lines of activity, seven vertical lines and three horizontal lines that intersect them. This strategy also notes for each area certain actions that will be a very useful tool for all public authorities aimed at ensuring the security of the country. The article analyzes the legislation of Spain in the field of combating organized crime, which highlights the main innovations in this legislation, which increase the efficiency of the work of public authorities in the fight against organized crime. The new strategy for the fight against organized crime is described, its main goals and directions of improvement are investigated. The peculiarities of combating organized crime in Spain, as well as the formulation of proposals for improvement of domestic legislation in the above, were investigated on the basis of the analysis of relevant legal acts.

scholarly journals Value-based provider payment: towards a theoretically preferred design

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniëlle Cattel ◽  
Frank Eijkenaar ◽  
Frederik T. Schut
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pay For Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Provider Group ◽  
Payment Incentives ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Provider Payment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWorldwide, policymakers and purchasers are exploring innovative provider payment strategies promoting value in health care, known as value-based payments (VBP). What is meant by ‘value’, however, is often unclear and the relationship between value and the payment design is not explicated. This paper aims at: (1) identifying value dimensions that are ideally stimulated by VBP and (2) constructing a framework of a theoretically preferred VBP design. Based on a synthesis of both theoretical and empirical studies on payment incentives, we conclude that VBP should consist of two components: a relatively large base payment that implicitly stimulates value and a relatively small payment that explicitly rewards measurable aspects of value (pay-for-performance). Being the largest component, the base payment design is essential, but often neglected when it comes to VBP reform. We explain that this base payment ideally (1) is paid to a multidisciplinary provider group (2) for a cohesive set of care activities for a predefined population, (3) is fixed, (4) is adjusted for the population’s risk profile and (5) includes risk-mitigating measures. Finally, some important trade-offs in the practical operationalisation of VBP are discussed.

scholarly journals The convergence of environmental crime with other serious crimes: Subtypes within the environmental crime continuum

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082090458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan P. van Uhm ◽  
Rick C.C. Nijman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
High Degree

The rising global scarcity of natural resources increasingly attracts transnational criminal organizations. Organized crime syndicates diversify into the lucrative business of tropical timber, endangered species, and natural minerals, alongside their traditional activities. The developing interconnectedness between environmental crime and other serious crimes shows that traditional lines of separation are no longer appropriate for understanding and dealing with the increasing complexities of organized crime. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the nexus between environmental crime and other serious crimes through cluster analyses to identify subtypes of organized crime groups that have diversified into the illegal trade in natural resources. The two-step cluster algorithm found a cluster solution with three distinct clusters of subtypes of criminal groups that diversified into the illegal trade in natural resources in various ways: first, the Green Organized Crime cluster, with a high degree of diversification and domination; second, the Green Opportunistic Crime cluster, with flexible and fluid groups that partially diversify their criminal activities; and, third, the low-level diversifiers of the Green Camouflaged Crime cluster, shadowing their illegal businesses with legitimate companies. The three clusters can be related to specific stages within the environmental crime continuum, albeit with nuances.

The Relationship between Feelings of Alienation and Burnout in Social Work

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Many articles and books have been written about alienation and burnout. Although the concepts have been conceptually linked, no known empirical studies have demonstrated that relationship. Using data from a survey of social workers practicing in the State of Wisconsin, the author tested the hypothesis that the concepts of burnout and alienation are closely related. The findings support that hypothesis and suggest that some dimensions of alienation may be especially potent predictors of burnout among social workers.

Globalization and the Emergence of Violent Non-state Actors: The Case of Human Trafficking

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zhidkova
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examines the impact of globalization on the emergence of human trafficking as a transnational security threat. The author discusses the relationship between globalization and violent non-state actors (VNSAs), seeing human trafficking as one of VNSAs threatening the state in the age of globalization. The erosion of state sovereignty and emergence of transnational organized crime are analyzed in an attempt to understand the role of globalization in transforming human trafficking into a transnational challenge.

Repositioning sovereignty? Sovereign encounters with organized crime and money laundering in the realm of accountants

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Hörnqvist
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Administrative Domains

This article repositions sovereignty on the basis of a study of recent regulatory approaches to organized crime and money laundering. The spread of techniques across administrative domains is traced through organizational documents and interviews with practitioners, and related to an observed trend toward integration between policing research and regulation research. The same trend, however, assigns sovereignty to the periphery. A richer notion of sovereignty is recovered through a reading of the classical theorists, and used to tease out the articulation of sovereignty in current state strategies. Theorizing ‘sovereignty at the center’ as opposed to ‘sovereignty at the periphery’ challenges basic assumptions about the relationship between the state and economic activity, and in particular about the utility-oriented character of state violence.

scholarly journals Current requirements and state realities of combating organized crime

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Ihor Pyrih ◽  
Serhii Prokopov ◽  
Denys Vodopyan
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
National Police

The article describes in detail the concept of professional crime, it’s devastating impact on Ukraine's democracy, and offers suggestions on ways to identify, prevent, and stop professional crimes. The importance of the operational units of the National Police of Ukraine in the fight against professional crime in the current conditions of law enforcement reform is considered, the problems of the legislative and practical significance of the units of the criminal police are described. The modern legislation which defines the general principles and tactics of combating professional crime is analyzed and proposals for its im-provement are made. Attention is drawn to the fact that, in recent times, the danger is not even the possibility of bribery of officials by criminal groups, but the gradual entry of members of criminal organizations and, even, their leaders and organizers into power structures, state administration, control and law enforcement bodies. Another problem we have outlined above is the lack of training and lack of professional experience of law enforcement officers in the fight against organized crime. The dismantling of the Organized Crime Offices and the establishment of Strategic Investigation Departments and their subordinate departments had a mixed effect on the results of combating crime. Positive, in our opinion, is the accession to the body of experts in the detection and investigation of crimes of economic orientation, as organized crime at the present stage, as noted above, aimed at including the commission of these crimes. The negative tendency is, in our opinion, the turnover of personnel, due to the sometimes rather harsh and unfair conditions of competitive selection of candidates, the lack of individual approach to the staff with many years of work experience. One way to solve this problem is to train specialists in strategic investigations departments in universities with specific conditions of study, followed by a mandatory internship under the guidance of mentors for at least three years.

scholarly journals Theoretical fundamentals of interaction of law enforcement authorities in counteraction of crimes committed by organized groups or criminal organizations formed by an ethnic basis

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Sevruk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Concepts

The analysis of the researched scientific problems on counteraction to crimes, committed by organized groups and criminal organizations, which are formed on an ethnic basis, now necessitates further research of ethnic crime in Ukraine and the world in general. Formation by the Ukrainian state of a multi-vector mechanism of counteraction to organized groups and criminal organizations, formed on an ethnic basis, is impossible without understanding the essence of this problem, relevant legal concepts and classification and identification of features of organized ethnic crime that are important for law enforcement and the state. The main effective factor in such activities is to guarantee the security of citizens and the integrity of the state from criminal encroachments of organized groups and criminal organizations that are formed on an ethnic basis. Thus, for the effective interaction of law enforcement agencies in combating crimes, committed by organized groups and criminal organizations that are formed on an ethnic basis, a sound concept of such cooperation is needed, which is currently lacking. Accordingly, in the long run, such a concept needs to be adopted immediately, which will start streamlining law enforcement relations on the exchange and realization of information concerning the activities of both domestic criminal groups and organized criminal groups of foreign nationals or those formed on ethnic grounds. Theoretical principles of law enforcement interaction in combating crimes, committed by organized groups and criminal organizations, which are formed on an ethnic basis by generalizing, analyzing and systematizing the concept of interaction, its forms, methods and types, are analyzed. An author's definition of the concept of interaction among police during counteraction to crimes, committed by organized groups and criminal organizations, formed on ethnic basi, is given

scholarly journals The Noble Family as “Singular Multiplicity”? Redefining the Smoczynski–Zarycki’s Totemic Definition of Nobility through the Lenses of Alain Badiou’s Mathematical Ontology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Urszula Idziak ◽  
Bartosz Piotr Bednarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Mathematical Ontology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Generic Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

Abstract In our paper, we redefine the category of “family” denoting the relationship of selected members of a post-noble/post-aristocratic milieu in Poland using Alain Badiou’s terminology. Badiou’s ontology based on a mathematical set theory and a generic theory is the most developed, complex, and revolutionary ontology of the 20th and 21st centuries. However, it is rarely adapted to new empirical studies probably because of its novelty and complexity. We do not intend to use the empirical case study made by Smoczynski–Zarycki to inform our argument but instead perform a translation of the Durkheim–Lacanian theoretical standpoint from “Totem…” into the category of “singularity” [singularité] in its relation to “the state of situation” [état de la situation] from “Being and Event” (Badiou 2005). This approach seeks to find a universalizing potential of nobility that will allow it to become a relevant subject for truth procedure analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document