The Social Distribution of Cleavage Positions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Political Support ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Political Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
European Election ◽  
Election Studies ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter describes the realignment of social groups along the economic and cultural cleavages. It considers the social characteristics that describe someone’s social interests, such as social class, income, religion, age, gender, and other traits. The 1979 European Election Study found a clear class alignment on the economic cleavage, which partially carried over to the cultural cleavage. By 2009, professionals and the better educated had shifted to liberal cultural positions, while the working class and lesser educated became cultural conservatives. Generational gaps also increased substantially between 1979 and 2009. The chapter also considers the relationship between cleavage positions and political values, such as Left–Right attitudes, postmaterial values, and political support. Economic conservatives and cultural liberals are more satisfied with government, reflecting the policy trends of European governments. The analyses are based on the European Election Studies in 1979, 2009, and 2014.

scholarly journals Waarom Jesus-studies?

2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Geyser
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Jesus ◽  
New Historicism ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Nature

Why Jesus studies? Present-day historical Jesus studies are the epistemological product of what has become known as the New Historicism. The aim of the article is to emphasize two aspects of the New Historicism as epistemological approach. The one aspect focuses on the profitability of this endeavour and the other on the historical nature of the New Historicism. As far as profitability is concerned, the social standing and identity of the researcher are emphasized. Among otherthings, the social interests of the researcher are taken into account. Concerning the historical nature of this kind of research, a distinction is drawn between the Jesus of history and the Jesus of faith. The aim of the article is to gain clarity on the relationship between the Jesus of history (pre-Easter) and the Jesus of faith (post-Easter). J D Crossan's exposition of the reasons for Jesus studies is followed. He distinguishes three reasons: historical, ethical and theological.

scholarly journals Reconfiguring Interactivity, Agency and Pleasure in the Education and Computer Games Debate — Using Žižek's Concept of Interpassivity to Analyse Educational Play

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Digital Or

Digital or computer games have recently attracted the interest of education researchers and policy-makers for two main reasons: their interactivity, which is said to allow greater agency, and their inherent pleasures, which are linked to increased motivation to learn. However, the relationship between pleasure, agency and motivation in educational technologies is undertheorised. This article aims to situate these concepts within a framework that might identify more precisely how games can be considered to be educational. The framework is based on Žižek's theory of subjectivity in cyberspace, and in particular on his notion of interpassivity, which is defined in relation to interactivity. The usefulness of this concept is explored first by examining three approaches to theorising cyberspace and their respective manifestations in key texts on educational game play. Žižek's analysis of cyberspace in terms of socio-symbolic relations is then outlined to suggest how games might be considered educational in so far as they provide opportunities to manipulate and experiment with the rules underpinning our sense of reality and identity. This resembles Brecht's notion of the educational value of theatre. The conclusion emphasises that the terms on which games are understood to be educational relate to the social interests which education is understood to serve.

Sociolinguistics: Theory

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Heller
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Variationist Sociolinguistics ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

In 1980, in this journal, Joshua Fishman presented the major theoretical issue in sociolinguistics as being the link between microsociolinguistic and macrosociolinguistic processes. In 1984 that is still the case, although the issue is receiving more explicit attention than it did four years ago.There are two branches of sociolinguistics which approach this issue in different ways. These two branches are interactionist and variationist sociolinguistics. Interactionist sociolinguistics is principally interested in what language use can tell us about social processes, and therefore a central concern is the social meaning of language use. Variationist sociolinguistics is interested in accounting for linguistic variation and change, at least partly as a product of the social distribution of language varieties. It is, therefore, less concerned with meaning as process, and more concerned with the interaction of linguistic and social systems; in this view the significance of language is mainly symbolic. In this review, I will discuss the contributions of these branches to the problem of the relationship between microsociolinguistics and macrosociolinguistics, as well as the theoretical problems peculiar to each branch.

Social cohesion: from research to practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Helge Angell ◽  
Marjukka Laiho ◽  
Anne Birgitta Pessi ◽  
Siniša Zrinščak
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social System ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Research To Practice ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter highlights the need to put research results into practice through policy recommendations. This was a key concept in the WaVE project; it is a multi-layered idea, characterised by at least four dimensions: people's trust, help and cooperation with each other; people's tolerance towards each other; people's sense of belonging in the social system; and people's manifestation of these values through behaviour. The chapter then presents the idea of a ‘circle of social cohesion’ in welfare where knowing and doing is the relationship between a better understanding of diversity and the transformation of this understanding into crucial skills in everyday practices. However, in order to convert the ideal of cohesion into everyday practice, the ‘circle of social cohesion’ is dependent on political values and financial resources. This is one of the major themes addressed in the WaVE project.

scholarly journals Loneliness and Problematic Internet Use during COVID-19 Lock-Down

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hasah Alheneidi ◽  
Loulwah AlSumait ◽  
Dalal AlSumait ◽  
Andrew P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, strict lock-down and quarantine were widely imposed by most governments to minimize the spread of the virus. Previous studies have investigated the consequences of the quarantine and social isolation on mental health and the present study examines loneliness and problematic internet use. (2) Methods: The current research used a cross-sectional survey during a lock-down phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 593 participants from the Middle East region (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia) were tested using the short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and the Internet Addiction Test. (3) Results: Results from regression analyses showed an association between loneliness and Problematic Internet Use (PIU), and an association between loneliness and the number of hours spent online. Younger participants reported greater loneliness. The quality of the relationship with the person(s) with whom they were spending their lock-down was also correlated with loneliness. Those who reported greater loneliness also obtained frequent news about the pandemic from social media. Problematic internet use was associated with loneliness and the predictors of loneliness. ANOVA analyses showed a dose-response between the predictors and PIU. (4) Conclusions: This study highlights the influence of the social characteristics of the local culture during the COVID-19 lock-down on feelings of loneliness and on PIU.

scholarly journals Behaviour of Financial Management for Small and Medium Enterprises in the New Normal Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Yuesti ◽  
Ni Made Dwi Ratnadi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Relationship

Small and medium enterprises have been considerably affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the new normal era, small and medium enterprises need attention and support to survive. This study aims to analyze how the behaviors of disclosing financial statements, managerial perspectives, and social interest perspectives can change management behavior in disclosing financial statements in the absence of financial information. This research was conducted in Bali on small and medium enterprises affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the new normal era. The sample of this research was 839 small and medium enterprises. The results showed that the disclosure of financial statements and managerial perspectives affected the perspective of social interest. Disclosure of financial statements and managerial perspectives affect the behavior of financial management. Perspectives of social interest are able to mediate the relationship between disclosure of financial statements and managerial perspectives with the behavior of financial management. Thus, in the new normal era, good and bad information about finances remains important to increasing the social interests of society.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of sub-phonemic change in prescriptive bilingualism: The case of Mexican Plautdietsch

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn Burns
Keyword(s):  
Heritage Language ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Mexican Spanish ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Loanword Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between loanword adaptation and phonological borrowing by looking at the Mexican Plautdietsch speech community. Plautdietsch borrowings from Mexican Spanish sometimes undergo loanword adaptation to fit the native phonological system (e.g. Spanish [peso] > Plautdietsch [pəɪzo] 'peso'), but some community members exhibit a borrowed pattern of deaffrication that targets native lexical items (e.g. [dit͡ʃ ]) 'German' > [diʃ]). I show that the output of /t͡ʃ/ deaffrication in Mexican Plautdietsch follows the phonological pattern of northern Mexican Spanish deaffrication, rather than an inherited pattern that adapts loanwords from High German and Russian. I propose that while some mechanisms of phonetic and phonological interpretation are similar for both loanword adaptation and phonological borrowing, the novel Mexican Spanish pattern could have only entered the community due to the unique structure of phonological representation associated with advanced bilingualism. This prediction is borne out in the social distribution of deaffrication wherein men, who are expected to become advanced bilinguals, exhibit the innovation more than women. By adding a dimension of phonological representation to our models of loanword adaptation, we can expand the model's behavior to also account for outcomes involving the restructuring of the heritage language.

Self, Society, and Repression in Babel: A Psychoanalytic Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
A.M. Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Relationship

As the prevailing studies tend to neglect how media depict the sociological question about the relationship between self and society and the dualism between pleasure and reality in modern society, this article examines this important issue by analyzing the award-winning film Babel by using a psychoanalytic perspective. Based on textual analysis of the film’s storylines, this article argues that Babel not only substantially represents the relationship between self and society, but also depicts the continuing tension and dualism between them. This is seen in the storylines of its characters that illustrate the relationship between sexual drives and social regulations. For the sake of social interests and cultural production, pleasure is repressed by external reality and sexuality is repressed through socially sanctioned sexual regulations. The self must attempt to balance between libidinal desire and social control to enter the normality of the social world.

Political Cleavages across Nations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Union Member ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Election ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Cross National

This chapter focuses on the variations in cleavage politics across the European Union member states. The analyses compare the structure of issue positions across nations to see if the set of issues defining the economic and cultural cleavages are comparable. While there is some cross-national variation, both cleavages are evident across the European Union. The social group positions on both cleavages are also broadly similar across nations. The chapter then examines the social correlates of cleavage positions to see if factors such as the economic structure or the religious composition of societies affect group alignments. The results emphasize the commonality of the basic patterns for the EU overall to the pattern in specific member states. The analyses are primarily based on the 2009 European Election Study.

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