Teachers and Sowers

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Dominic Scott ◽  
R. Edward Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Florence Nightingale ◽  
Thought Leader ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Twentieth Century America ◽  
Rational Communication ◽  
Teacher Model

This chapter begins by considering the relation between the models of the teacher and the sower, which might seem very similar to each other. In Plato’s Phaedrus, the thought leader sows ideas by teaching; and teachers leave behind students capable of teaching others, so extending the original teacher’s legacy. The models are nonetheless distinct, even if they often converge: the teacher model focuses on the relationship between the leader and their immediate followers, stressing the need for rational communication; the sower looks beyond the relationship between the leader and their immediate followers towards subsequent generations, and to the perpetuation of ideas. Most of the chapter is then taken up with two case studies that show the two models working hand in hand: Florence Nightingale, who revolutionized nursing, and Margaret Mead, the US anthropologist, who helped transform attitudes to the family and sex in twentieth-century America.

Into the Family Life of Strangers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Rymph
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Child Welfare League ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter surveys the origins of foster care in earlier methods for supporting dependent children dating back to the colonial period, including indenture, orphanages, “placing out” (also known as orphan trains), boarding out, and adoption. It attends to the racial and religious aspects of these systems and to the relationship between private and public systems of child welfare. The chapter also discusses the importance of the professionalization of the child welfare field in the early twentieth century, particularly the creation of the US Children’s Bureau and the Child Welfare League of America.

Fixing Improvisation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthea Kraut
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Law ◽  
Tap Dance ◽  
American Vernacular ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter juxtaposes brief case studies of African American vernacular dancers from the first half of the twentieth century in order to reexamine the relationship between the ideology of intellectual property law and the traditions of jazz and tap dance, which rely heavily on improvisation. The examples of the blackface performer Johnny Hudgins, who claimed a copyright in his pantomime routine in the 1920s, and of Fred and Sledge, the class-act dance duo featured in the hit 1948 musical Kiss Me, Kate, whose choreography was copyrighted by the white modern dancer Hanya Holm, prompt a rethinking of the assumed opposition between the originality and fixity requirements of copyright law and the improvisatory ethos of jazz and tap dance. Ultimately, the chapter argues that whether claiming or disavowing uniqueness, embracing or resisting documentation, African American vernacular dancers were both advantaged and hampered by copyright law.

In the trap of Beatrice: On Florence Conard’s war memories and disciplinary turns

2020 ◽  
pp. 175069802092775
Author(s):  
José Aguirre Pombo ◽  
Erma Nezirevic
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
War Memories ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between the family archive and Memory Studies. It analyzes the archive of a young woman, Florence Elizabeth Conard, whose writings of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) are archived in the Kautz FamilyYMCA Archive in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Her story is narrated and edited by her father affirming her existence as a literary witness. We, the authors, use Borges’ reading of The Divine Comedy as a productive analogy to approach memory through the lens of literature, opening a path for further interrogation of narrative and moving from that which is narrated to that which is narratable and redactable. It illustrates how the mnemonic practices of memory reside in their narratability. Just the same, the academic field of Memory Studies grappling with these practices is not a fashionable product of the twentieth-century traumas, but has existed as a practice before the archive, which gives it a space.

Conundrums of War and Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-154
Author(s):  
G. Edward White
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Law Of War ◽  
Total War ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern War ◽  
Twentieth Century America

This chapter discusses the emergence of “modern,” “total” war in late nineteenth- and twentieth-century America, and the relationship of modern war to traditional doctrines of the “law of war,” such as the treatment of “enemies,” “belligerents” and “nonbelligerents,” and prisoners of war, as well as the relationship of courts to the military in wartime.

Pauli Murray: The US firebrand’s unique opportunity to influence a continent

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-579
Author(s):  
Braham Dabscheck
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Race Discrimination ◽  
The Us ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Twentieth Century America

This review article discusses Rosalind Rosenberg’s study of Pauli Murray’s pivotal role in enhancing the civil rights of African Americans and American women. Pauli Murray should be properly regarded as one of the leading legal thinkers of Twentieth-Century America. She played a role in the development of the jurisprudential thinking, which brought about an end to race discrimination as enshrined in the ‘separate but equal’ doctrine in the Supreme Court’s 1896 decision in Plessy v. Ferguson and ending sex discrimination beginning with the Supreme Court’s 1971 decision in Reed v. Reed. The objective of this review article is to provide an account of her approach to attacking both legally based race and sex discrimination. Drawing on Rosenberg and referencing key legal texts, it begins with a brief account of Murray’s life and times. This is followed by an examination of her thinking on both race and sex discrimination. The review concludes by commending Rosenberg for her analysis of the intersections between the private and public personas of Pauli Murray in a century which witnessed fundamental changes in America. JEL Codes: B10, B22

scholarly journals American family slideshows : 1952 - 1967

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer DiCocco
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Print Form ◽  
Popular Medium ◽  
Vernacular Photography ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Twentieth Century America

Vernacular photography has been a popular topic of research within the platforms of the history of photography and sociological studies and, in its print form, has increasingly seen its value rise in the marketplace. However, the family slideshow has been largely excluded from these various sites of attention. This thesis explores the family slideshow as a cultural product of mid-twentieth-century America. The slideshow is analysed in terms of how it was presented to and consumed by families in the 1950s and 1960s. The main section of this thesis provides an analysis of a case study carried out regarding the slideshow. The case study collected oral histories from four individuals on their experiences with producing and viewing slideshows in the mid-twentieth century. The analysis provides qualitative research on the consumption, production and viewing of the slideshow as a popular medium for family snapshots.

scholarly journals Two Chimeras in the Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Mark Bell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lasting Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article discusses the history of investigations into British linear earthworks in the twentieth century. The influence of pre-existing beliefs about the environment of Britain, especially the existence of impassable forest cover, deeply influenced the interpretation of linear monuments and had a lasting effect on the study of these monuments. A brief history of the personalities involved is followed by two case studies of monuments that were believed to be post-Roman in date but are now seen as Iron Age monuments. The implications of the change in the relationship to of the dykes to the landscape is discussed along with potential future research, better informed by an awareness of this confusing tradition of field archaeology.

Women, Gender, and Conservatism in Twentieth-Century America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Conservative Movement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conservative Women ◽  
Twentieth Century America

Women have participated in conservative movement politics throughout the twentieth century. From opposition mounted against Progressive-era health and welfare legislation to protests against Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal to culture war battles with feminists, conservative women have never completely ceded the right side of the political spectrum to men. Essentialist notions of what is “natural” to women, their bodies, and their connection to children and the family, have been the basis of conservative female politics throughout the twentieth century and beyond. Women on the right have drawn from a corpus of beliefs, ideals, and assumptions passed down from generations of political forbears about the natural conservatism of women—an intuitive drive to protect the young and bring calm to the space around them. This chapter examines the impact of that ideology, in its various iterations, over the course of the twentieth century.

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