Variation and Change in Gallo-Romance Grammar

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Morphosyntactic Variation ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
Empirical Foundation

This book offers a wide-ranging array of case studies on variation and change in Gallo-Romance grammar. Both standard and non-standard Gallo-Romance data have the potential to be of enormous value to studies of morphosyntactic variation and change, yet, as the volume demonstrates, non-standard and comparative Gallo-Romance data has often been lacking in both synchronic and diachronic studies. The introduction sets out the conceptual background to the volume. There follow chapters by leading scholars on a variety of topics in the domains of sentence structure, the verb complex, and word structure. The empirical foundation of the volume is exceptionally rich, drawing on standard and non-standard data from French, Occitan, Francoprovençal, Picard, Wallon, and Norman. This diversity is also reflected in the theoretical and conceptual approaches adopted, which span traditional philology, sociolinguistics, formal morphological and syntactic theory, semantics, and discourse-pragmatics. The volume will thus be an indispensable tool for French and (Gallo-)Romance linguistics as well as for readers interested in grammatical theory, sociolinguistics, and historical linguistics.

Continuity and Variation in Germanic and Romance

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Discourse Pragmatics ◽  
Indispensable Tool ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
People Today

This volume offers a range of synchronic and diachronic case studies in comparative Germanic and Romance morphosyntax. These two language families, spoken by over a billion people today, have been of central importance throughout the development linguistics, yet many significant questions about the relationship between the two families remain. Following an introduction that sets out the methodological, empirical, and theoretical background to the book, the volume is divided into three parts which deal with the morphosyntax of subjects and the inflectional layer inversion, discourse pragmatics, and the left periphery, and continuity and variation beyond the clause. The approaches used by the authors of individual chapters are diverse, making use of the latest digitized corpora and presenting a mixture of well-known and understudied data from standard and non-standard Germanic and Romance languages. Many of the chapters challenge received wisdom about the relationship between these two important language families. This volume will be an indispensable tool to researchers and students in Germanic and Romance linguistics, historical linguistics, grammatical theory, and language relationships.

scholarly journals Recursion and the Definition of Universal Prosodic Categories

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Lisa Lai-Shen Cheng ◽  
Laura J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Current Controversy ◽  
Syntactic Representation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Prosodic Categories ◽  
Phonological Phrase

It is widely agreed that prosodic constituents should mirror syntactic constituents (unless high-ranking prosodic constraints interfere). Because recursion is a feature of syntactic representations, one expects recursion in prosodic representations as well. However, it is of current controversy what kinds of syntactic representation motivate prosodic recursion. In this paper, the use of Phonological Phrase recursion is reviewed in several case studies, chosen because prosodic recursion mostly does not reflect syntactic recursion as defined in current syntactic theory. We provide reanalyses that do not appeal to prosodic recursion (unless syntactically motivated), showing that Phonological Phrase recursion is not necessary to capture the relevant generalizations. The more restrictive use of prosodic recursion we argue for has the following conceptual advantages. It allows for more consistent cross-linguistic generalizations about the syntax–prosody mapping so that prosodic representations more closely reflect syntactic ones. It allows the fundamental syntactic distinctions between clause (and other phases) and phrase to be reflected in the prosodic representation, and it allows cross-linguistic generalizations to be made about the prosodic domain of intonational processes, such as downstep and continuation rise.

Deconstructing Morphology: Word Structure in Syntactic Theory

Language ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Andrew Spencer ◽  
Rochelle Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Word Structure ◽  
Syntactic Theory

Managing Workplace Conflicts Through Self-Mediation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1953-1969
Author(s):  
Ndifon Neji Obi
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Hypothetical Case ◽  
Workplace Conflict ◽  
Workplace Conflicts ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
The Individual

This study examines the management of workplace conflicts through self-mediation. It argues that although research about conflicts has generated huge literature, managing workplace conflicts through self-mediation is a comparatively new and under-researched area. The study provides a conceptual background to explore the principle of self-mediation and sketches its significance in addressing the substratum of workplace conflict. The thesis sponsored by this study revolves around the assumption that purging oneself of combustible negative energies is the critical first step in effective management of workplace conflicts. Data for the study is generated through secondary sources and analyses are based on hypothetical case studies. The study makes the point that although conflict in the workplace may be externally generated or triggered, the predisposition to act constructively or destructively is internal to the individual. The study however, suggests relevant conflict management trainings for staff.

Introduction

RAINBOW ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Amy E. West ◽  
Sally M. Weinstein ◽  
Mani N. Pavuluri
Keyword(s):  
Children And Families ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
Empirical Foundation ◽  
And Training

The Introduction describes how the Rainbow Manual provides the user with the empirical foundation for RAINBOW and for each of the RAINBOW treatment components, as well as detailed session-by-session guides for delivering RAINBOW. Each of the 12 session guides includes the RAINBOW ingredient(s) covered in the session, the agenda, the objective(s) for the session, the conceptual background for treatment objectives, and specific instructions and language for each objective and related activities. Recommended time lengths for each session activity are provided. The conceptual manual is intended to be used by the practitioner as the background and training for learning how to deliver the RAINBOW manual to children and families.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN SINTAKSIS ANAK TUNA RUNGU: STUDI KASUS EZRA (The Syntactic Ability of A Child with Listening Disability: A Case Study of Ezra)

Kandai ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Pipiet Palestin Amurwani
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Severe Hearing Loss ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Sentence Patterns ◽  
Basic Sentence ◽  
One Year ◽  
Inverse Pattern ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

 Bahasa sebagai instrumen komunikasi berperan dalam menyampaikan pesan dari penutur kepada petuturnya. Salah satu faktor yang mendukung lancarnya komunikasi menggunakan bahasa adalah susunan kalimat atau sintaksis yang benar. Tulisan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan sintaksis Ezra setelah menjalani terapi wicara selama satu tahun. Subyek penelitian adalah seorang anak berusia tujuh tahun dengan gangguan pendengaran berat (kanan 95 dB, kiri 85 dB), bernama Ezra.  Data diperoleh dengan cara merekam dan mencatat ujaran-ujaran yang diucapkan Ezra. Data berupa ujaran dianalisis menggunakan teori sintaksis bahasa Indonesia oleh Chaer (2009). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ezra dapat mengungkapkan keinginan, kemampuan, dan kesukaannya menggunakan pola kalimat dasar S+Adverbial+P, S+Adverbial+P+O, dan S+P+O. Dalam mengungkapan aktivitas yang sudah dia lakukan, Ezra menggunakan pola yang terbalik antara predikat dan adverbial “sudah”. Ezra belum bisa merespon pertanyaan dengan benar. Ini dapat dilihat dari jawaban yang diberikan tidak relevan dengan pertanyaan. Dalam mengungkapkan pertanyaan, Ezra cenderung menggunakan kata benda sebagai pengganti kata kerja.Language as an instrument of communication plays a role in conveying messages from speakers to their listeners. One of the factors that support the smooth communication using language is the correct sentence structure or syntax. This paper aims to describe the syntactic abilities of Ezra after undergoing speech therapy for one year. The study subjects were a 7-year-old child with severe hearing loss (right 95 dB, left 85 dB), named Ezra. Data obtained by recording and recording utterances uttered by Ezra. Data in the form of speech are analyzed using the syntactic theory of Indonesian Chaer (2009). The results showed that Ezra could express his desires, abilities, and preferences using basic sentence patterns S + Adverbial + P, S + Adverbial + P + O, and S + P + O. In expressing the activities that he has done, Ezra uses an inverse pattern between predicate and adverbial "sudah". Ezra hasn't been able to respond to questions correctly. This can be seen from the answers given that are not relevant to the question. In expressing the question Ezra tends to use nouns instead of verbs.

scholarly journals Spell Once, Summon Anywhere: A Two-Level Open-Vocabulary Language Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6843-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian J. Mielke ◽  
Jason Eisner
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Language Model ◽  
Word Type ◽  
Language Modeling ◽  
Generative Model ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Combining Evidence ◽  
Unknown Words

We show how the spellings of known words can help us deal with unknown words in open-vocabulary NLP tasks. The method we propose can be used to extend any closedvocabulary generative model, but in this paper we specifically consider the case of neural language modeling. Our Bayesian generative story combines a standard RNN language model (generating the word tokens in each sentence) with an RNNbased spelling model (generating the letters in each word type). These two RNNs respectively capture sentence structure and word structure, and are kept separate as in linguistics. By invoking the second RNN to generate spellings for novel words in context, we obtain an open-vocabulary language model. For known words, embeddings are naturally inferred by combining evidence from type spelling and token context. Comparing to baselines (including a novel strong baseline), we beat previous work and establish state-of-the-art results on multiple datasets.

scholarly journals Analysis on Code-Switching in Pinoy Songs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Chile Villadarez
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Song Structure ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
Language Research

Code-switching in songs is one of the recent techniques used by songwriters in bilingual and multilingual countries which has been proven to achieve commercial success within the market of popular music. The study which examined the types, functions, and pedagogical implications of code-switching in songs, utilized mixed methods in research and homogeneous purposive sampling in generating 15 select Filipino popular songs for content analysis. This study revealed the types of code-switching in songs which are classified into three groups which are the word structure, sentence structure, and song structure. The type of code-switching according to word structure is intra-word switching. According to sentence structure, the types of code-switching are inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching, and tag-switching. Moreover, according to song structure, the types of code-switching are intra-sectional switching and inter-sectional switching.  Evidently, the seven functions of code-switching identified by Bloom and Gumperz are revealed in the study. It is, therefore, recommended that using code-switching in crafting songs may be taught to students. Furthermore, future research may be done for a more in-depth investigation of code-switching in songs. Language research teachers and linguistic scholars may use this study as a reference in studying the code-witching phenomenon in the languages and songs in their respective countries. A monograph on code-switching in songs may also be constructed.

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