Susceptibility in Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Jakimow
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Emotion Development ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Global North ◽  
Development Agents ◽  
Comparative Ethnography

Susceptibility in Development offers a novel approach to understanding power in development through theories of affect and emotion. Development agents—people tasked with designing or delivering development—are susceptible to being affected in ways that may derail or threaten their ‘sense of self’. This susceptibility is in direct relation to the capacity of others to affect development agents: an overlooked form of power. This book proposes a new analytical framework—the capacity/susceptibility to affect/be affected—to enable new readings of power relations and their consequences for development. These barely perceptible forms of power become visible through ethnographic attention to local level development. Susceptibility in Development offers a comparative ethnography of two types of local development agents: volunteers in a community development programme in Medan, Indonesia, and women municipal councillors in Dehradun, India. Ethnographic accounts that are attentive to the emotions and affects engendered in encounters between volunteers and ‘beneficiaries’, or municipal councillors and voters (for example) provide a fresh reading of the relations shaping local development. Local development agents may be more ‘susceptible’ than workers and volunteers from the global North, yet the capacity/susceptibility to affect/be affected orders relations and shapes outcomes of development from the local to the global. In theorizing from the local, Susceptibility in Development offers fresh insights into power dynamics in development.

The Politics of Susceptibility

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Tanya Jakimow
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Agents

In encounters with so-called beneficiaries or other members of the public, ‘development agents’ are susceptible to being affected in ways that may derail, modify, or threaten their ‘sense of self’. This susceptibility is in direct relation to the capacity of others to engender affects, feelings, and emotions in development agents: an overlooked form of power. Drawing upon theories of affect and emotion, this chapter introduces the critical concept of susceptibility to rethink power configurations in development. It proposes a new analytical framework—the capacity/susceptibility to affect/be affected—to enable new readings of power relations and their consequences for development. The chapter also serves as an introduction to outline the central arguments of the book.

Injury

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Tanya Jakimow
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Development Agents ◽  
Development Practice

Encounters between ‘beneficiaries’/residents and volunteers reveal overlooked ways that power shapes community development in Medan, Indonesia. Volunteers are susceptible to ‘affective injuries’: moments when one is impressed upon in ways that challenge one’s sense of self. Identifying volunteers’ susceptibility to be affected also reveals the capacity of beneficiaries and residents to affect local development agents. This chapter examines the potential of such susceptibilities and capacities to reverse conventional hierarchies in development, leading to a more bottom-up, responsive, and reflexive development practice. It finds that while there is potential, particularly when volunteers emphasize ‘care’ in their relations with others, volunteers are resilient to being affected by people occupying a marginal social position. The affective injuries sustained in their encounters with powerful others have more lasting effects.

South Africa and the Question of Hegemony in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola Ogunnubi ◽  
Adeoye Akinola
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
African State ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Hegemonic Discourse ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Development Paradigm

This article examines the viability of mainstream neo-realist international relations scholarship for understanding regional power dynamics within Africa by offering a critical evaluation of the categorization of South Africa as a hegemonic power on the continent. Using the theoretical framework of hegemonic stability theory, it argues that there is a somewhat weak link between South Africa’s foreign policy character and its hegemonic disposition in Africa. The South African state, which is the driving force for political, economic and foreign policy processes, is itself subordinate in relation to international capital and lacks the influence expected of a regional hegemon. Despite South Africa’s development, the article demonstrates that its dependency provides the theoretical construct for understanding the country’s ambiguous hegemonic projection. This analytical framework captures the crux of the “hegemonic debate” as well as other conversations in relation to the adaptation of the concept of hegemony to Africa. Therefore, any application of the hegemonic discourse to South Africa necessarily requires a deeper understanding that takes cognizance of the fact that country’s regional hegemony operates within the orbit of a dependent-development paradigm in the global economic order, a neo-liberal order that continues to deepen Africa’s dependency syndrome. Dependency, as well as other complexities, impedes the reality of South Africa’s hegemonic ambitions in Africa.

scholarly journals Legitimacy of uncertain policy work: Exploring values in local economic development projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-459
Author(s):  
Albin Olausson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
To Come ◽  
Development Agents

This article takes the standpoint that, due to high levels of uncertainty, local economic development work suffers from both input- and output-based legitimacy. Nevertheless, local governments are active development agents and try to come up with economic development initiatives. In order to better understand the legitimate basis for uncertain economic development work, this article offers an unconventional analysis of economic development projects. Drawing on scholars of organization theory, legitimacy is defined as congruence in values between the studied projects and the stakeholders in the surrounding environment. The article examines what kinds of values pervade local governments’ economic development projects. The empirical material is based on thick interview and observation data derived from a study of eight local development projects in Sweden. The results show that values of professionalization and deliberation pervade the analysed projects. Taking the two sets of values together, the results indicate that local government administration seeks to legitimize its economic development work as being based on professional directed processes of public deliberation. Both these sets of values challenge the local representative democratic system of government as the prime source of the legitimacy of local governments’ interventions.

Having a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder in a forensic setting: a qualitative exploration

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Jade Lovell ◽  
Gillian Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Forensic Setting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the lived experience of having a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in a forensic setting. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women with a diagnosis of BPD in private secure units. The interview data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings – Four main themes emerged: identity, power, protection and containment, and confusion. The themes of identity, power and protection and containment represented polarised positions which in turn contributed to the theme of confusion. Research limitations/implications – There are limitations to this study mainly the heterogeneous nature of the sample. However, good quality control and the similarities with previous findings indicate that this study makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of BPD in a forensic setting. In addition it has implications for further research; exploring sense of self and the differences between a sample from a community and a sample from a forensic setting with a diagnosis of BPD. Practical implications – For practitioners to acknowledge power dynamics and to be able to formulate and address these with patients with a diagnosis of BPD. Originality/value – This is the first IPA study to ask women with a diagnosis of BPD in a forensic setting what their experience is. It is a qualitative study due to the need to genuinely explore the topic and to provide a basis for others to conduct further research.

scholarly journals Solving Refugees' Problems or Solving the Problem of Refugees?

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Lisa Poggiali
Keyword(s):  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Global North ◽  
Durable Solutions ◽  
North And South

In the following paper I argue that in our contemporary global political climate - which is characterized by gross power differentials between the global North and South - the "international humanitarian regime" conceptualizes refugees as a "problem" to be "solved". It is through this conceptualization that repatriation has become the preferred "durable solution" to refugees' plight. Rather than solving refugees' problems, however, I contend that repatriation today serves to solve the problem of refugees. As such, I argue that repatriation is not only far from a durable solution, but far from a solution at all. I suggest that if we wish to truly help refugees find durable solutions to their problems we must first interrogate the unequal global power dynamics that produce refugee situations.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Legitimacy in Sovereign Debt Restructuring

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odette Lienau
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
World War ◽  
Debt Restructuring ◽  
Political Complexity ◽  
Investment Treaty

57 Harvard International Law Journal 151-214 (2016)Since the emergence of the post-World War II international economic system, policymakers have lamented the absence of a global sovereign debt restructuring mechanism. This disappointment has only intensified in recent years, as the failure to provide prompt, comprehensive, and lasting debt relief becomes even more apparent. As a result, scholars and key international actors have argued for the development of a more coherent global approach to debt workouts. But to date this discussion lacks a sustained focus on questions of legitimacy — a fact that is exceptionally puzzling in light of the voluminous scholarship on the legitimacy deficits of international economic institutions once they have been established.This Article bridges that gap, arguing that serious attention should be paid to these questions in advance of negotiating a possible debt workout mechanism, and considering what such attentiveness might mean in practice. It highlights the political complexity and distributional ramifications of legitimacy arguments, and develops an analytical framework for understanding the concept along with a preliminary application to the debt restructuring context. It then analyzes the institutional and historical background of debt restructuring in light of this typology, and assesses how domestic insolvency regimes and investment treaty arbitrations incorporate features purported to advance legitimacy. Finally, the Article considers how a future debt workout institution might respond to calls for legitimacy — based on its initial establishment, ongoing processes, and final outcomes — and briefly discusses existing proposals and likely political obstacles in light of these themes. In foregrounding these concerns, this Article draws attention to issues and controversies that will likely be relevant for some time, and contends that the tensions, distributional issues, and power dynamics implicated in questions of legitimacy should inform negotiations on any sovereign debt workout mechanism going forward.

scholarly journals Mitigation of agriculture emissions in the tropics: comparing forest land-sparing options at the national level

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 5435-5475 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Carter ◽  
M. Herold ◽  
M. C. Rufino ◽  
K. Neumann ◽  
L. Kooistra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Sparing ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Enabling Environment ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. Emissions from agriculture-driven deforestation are of global concern, but forest land-sparing interventions such as agricultural intensification and utilization of available land offer opportunities for mitigation. In many tropical countries, where agriculture is the major driver of deforestation, interventions in the agriculture sector can reduce deforestation emissions as well as reducing emissions in the agriculture sector. Our study uses a novel approach to quantify agriculture-driven deforestation and associated emissions in the tropics. Emissions from agriculture-driven deforestation in the tropics between 2000 and 2010 are 4.3 Gt CO2 eq yr−1 (97 countries). We investigate the national potential to mitigate these emissions through forest land-sparing interventions, which can potentially be implemented under REDD+. We consider intensification, and utilization of available non-forested land as forest land-sparing opportunities since they avoid the expansion of agriculture into forested land. In addition, we assess the potential to reduce agriculture emissions on existing agriculture land, interventions that fall under climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The use of a systematic framework demonstrates the selection of mitigation interventions by considering sequentially the level of emissions, mitigation potential of various interventions, enabling environment and associated risks to livelihoods at the national level. Our results show that considering only countries with high emissions from agriculture-driven deforestation, where there is a potential for forest-sparing interventions, and where there is a good enabling environment (e.g. effective governance or engagement in REDD+), the potential to mitigate is 1.3 Gt CO2 eq yr−1 (20 countries of 78 with sufficient data). For countries where we identify agriculture emissions as priority for mitigation, up to 1 Gt CO2 eq yr−1 could be reduced from the agriculture sector including livestock. Risks to livelihoods from implementing interventions based on national level data, call for detailed investigation at the local level to inform decisions. Three case-studies demonstrate the use of the analytical framework. The inherent link between the agriculture and forestry sectors due to competition for land suggests that these cannot be considered independently. This highlights the need to include the forest and the agricultural sector in the decision making process for mitigation interventions at the national level.

scholarly journals Os danos do sistema global de bases ultramarinas dos Estados Unidos para os países hospedeiros

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-615
Author(s):  
Andrea Luiza Fontes Resende De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
The South ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
Cooperative Security ◽  
Global North ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender

Este artigo tem por objetivo principal descrever quais são os danos que as bases ultramarinas dos Estados Unidos (EUA) trazem aos países hospedeiros. Ao entender como o sistema global de bases ultramarinas dos Estados Unidos surgiu, quais são as tipologias de bases e sua concentração geográfica hoje, é possível perceber como as bases dos EUA se apresentam no exterior. Após revisão de literatura, percebe-se que os danos são das mais distintas naturezas: danos socioeconômicos, violência sexual e de gênero, degradação do meio ambiente, etc. Além disso, com as novas bases de Cooperative Security Location, mais conhecidas como Lily Pads, é questionável até que ponto as bases respeitam a soberania do país hospedeiro. Após a apresentação descritiva dos danos e uma análise dos dados das localizações das bases com o desenvolvimento do país hospedeiro, conclui-se que danos ocorrem em sua grande maioria em países do Sul Global, mas não unicamente, e que a falta de movimentos e organizações antibases em países do Sul pode ser um resultado das estruturas históricas que os moldaram. Ainda faltam estudos mais amplos sobre os danos das bases e mesmo sobre a presença delas em países do Sul e Norte Globais, logo, busca-se incentivar os leitores a se debruçarem sobre o tema, completando as lacunas que ainda existem.     Abstract: This article's main objective is to describe the damage cause by the USA's overseas bases on host countries. By understanding how the American overseas basing system was developed, their classification and current geographical distribution, an overview of how these bases operate overseas is possible. A review of the literature shows how damage is presented in many sorts: socioeconomical damage, sexual and gender violence, environmental harm, etc. Also, the introduction of Cooperative Security Location bases, also known as Lily Pads, the question emerges of to what extent a host country's sovereignty is respected. Following the descriptive presentation of the damage and an analysis of the localization of these bases and local development in host countries, we conclude that the damages were caused almost entirely, but not only, in countries in the Global South, and that the lack of anti-base movements and social organizations in countries in the South might be a result historical structures that shaped them. There is space for further investigation into the damage caused by bases, and into their very presence in countries in the Global North and in the South, which is why readers are encouraged to engage the subject and fill the existing gaps. Key-words: United States. Bases. Military. Society.     Recebido em: agosto/2018. Aprovado em: outubro/2019.

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