A Grammar of Akabea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul Zamponi ◽  
Bernard Comrie
Keyword(s):  
Body Part ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Online Appendix ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Traditional Language ◽  
Diplomatic Edition ◽  
Clause Combining ◽  
Rare Phenomena ◽  
First Time

This grammar of Akabea is the first published descriptive grammar of a traditional language of the Great Andamanese family and the first grammar of a traditional Great Andamanese language written to current linguistic standards. Akabea died out in the 1920s, but was extensively documented in the late nineteenth century by two British administrators, Edward Horace Man and Maurice Vidal Portman. Although neither was a trained linguist, their material nonetheless provides a sufficient basis for a reliable analysis of Akabea grammar, especially its morphology and phrasal and clausal syntax, although there are inevitable limitations on our understanding of Akabea phonology, clause combining, and discourse structure. The published grammar is accompanied by an online appendix providing a diplomatic edition with commentary and analysis of the single most valuable resource for Akabea grammatical analysis, Portman’s Dialogues. For the first time, linguists will have access to an extensive and reliable grammatical description of a traditional Great Andamanese language, thus enabling Akabea to take its rightful place as an object of scientific study among the languages of the world. This is all the more important in that the language exhibits a number of cross-linguistically rare phenomena, such as a rich system of somatic (body-part) prefixes and the phenomenon of Verb Root Ellipsis, whereby under certain circumstances the root of a verb may be absent, leaving behind a grammatical word consisting solely of affixes. The work will also contribute to a deeper interdisciplinary understanding of the history and prehistory of the indigenous inhabitants of the Andaman Islands.

Rebels, Believers, Survivors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Powers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Modern Myth

This book of essays covers a wide range of topics in the history of Albania and Kosovo. Many of the essays illuminate connections between the Albanian lands and external powers and interests, whether political, military, diplomatic or religious. Such topics include the Habsburg invasion of Kosovo in 1689, the manoeuvrings of Britain and France towards the Albanian lands during the Napoleonic Wars, the British interest in those lands in the late nineteenth century, and the Balkan War of 1912. On the religious side, essays examine ‘crypto-Christianity’ in Kosovo during the Ottoman period, the stories of conversion to Islam revealed by Inquisition records, the first theological treatise written in Albanian (1685), and the work of the ‘Apostolic Delegate’ who reformed the Catholic Church in early twentieth-century Albania. Some essays bring to life ordinary individuals hitherto unknown to history: women hauled before the Inquisition, for example, or the author of the first Albanian autobiography. The longest essay, on Ali Pasha, tells for the first time the full story of the role he played in the international politics of the Napoleonic Wars. Some of these studies have been printed before (several in hard-to-find publications, and one only in Albanian), but the greater part of this book appears here for the first time. This is not only a contribution to Albanian and Balkan history it also engages with many broader issues, including religious conversion, methods of enslavement within the Ottoman Empire, and the nature of modern myth-making about national identity.

scholarly journals Experiential ownership and body ownership are different phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Liang ◽  
Wen-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Tai-Yuan Chang ◽  
Chi-Hong Chen ◽  
Chen-Wei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Full Body

AbstractBody ownership concerns what it is like to feel a body part or a full body as mine, and has become a prominent area of study. We propose that there is a closely related type of bodily self-consciousness largely neglected by researchers—experiential ownership. It refers to the sense that I am the one who is having a conscious experience. Are body ownership and experiential ownership actually the same phenomenon or are they genuinely different? In our experiments, the participant watched a rubber hand or someone else’s body from the first-person perspective and was touched either synchronously or asynchronously. The main findings: (1) The sense of body ownership was hindered in the asynchronous conditions of both the body-part and the full-body experiments. However, a strong sense of experiential ownership was observed in those conditions. (2) We found the opposite when the participants’ responses were measured after tactile stimulations had ceased for 5 s. In the synchronous conditions of another set of body-part and full-body experiments, only experiential ownership was blocked but not body ownership. These results demonstrate for the first time the double dissociation between body ownership and experiential ownership. Experiential ownership is indeed a distinct type of bodily self-consciousness.

scholarly journals Planetary Cinema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Luca
Keyword(s):  
Media History ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Film Culture ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The story is now familiar. In the late 1960s humanity finally saw photographic evidence of the Earth in space for the first time. According to this narrative, the impact of such images in the consolidation of a planetary consciousness is yet to be matched. This book tells a different story. It argues that this narrative has failed to account for the vertiginous global imagination underpinning the media and film culture of the late nineteenth century and beyond. Panoramas, giant globes, world exhibitions, photography and stereography: all promoted and hinged on the idea of a world made whole and newly visible. When it emerged, cinema did not simply contribute to this effervescent globalism so much as become its most significant and enduring manifestation. Planetary Cinema proposes that an exploration of that media culture can help us understand contemporary planetary imaginaries in times of environmental collapse. Engaging with a variety of media, genres and texts, the book sits at the intersection of film/media history and theory/philosophy, and it claims that we need this combined approach and expansive textual focus in order to understand the way we see the world.

The Wolfe Sisters of Foochow, China

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-182
Author(s):  
Frances Slater
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Women ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Maternal Grandfather ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Three Sisters

In the late nineteenth century after schooling in England, three sisters returned to their birthplace, Fuzhou, China to become CMS missionaries. They were the daughters of the “Fukien Moses,” Archdeacon J. R. Wolfe and his wife Mary, and cousins of the author’s maternal grandfather. Letters written by Minnie, Annie and Amy Wolfe to CMS Headquarters in London, for the first time, tell the story of the scope and nature of their interaction with Chinese women and girls in a significant cultural exchange. This particularly occurred through CMS schools, which, using Fujian dialects, provided grounding in Christianity, reading and writing. In addition, the sisters acknowledge their personal dependence upon, and valuing of Chinese Christian women with whom they worked. Born to evangelise, Annie once wrote “In spite of anxieties and disappointments this is the happiest work anyone could wish for.”

‘We must send you a sample’—a Persian–European dialogue: insights into late nineteenth-century ceramic technology based on chemical analysis of tiles from the Ettehadieh house complex, Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moujan Matin ◽  
Mohammad Gholamnejad ◽  
Ali Nemati Abkenar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Technological Information ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

This paper focuses on the production technology of late nineteenth-century tiles from the Ettehadieh House Complex in Tehran, Iran. It makes use of the opportunity to provide for the first time the results of chemical and microstructural analyses of late nineteenth-century tiles selected directly from context and with known provenance. The paper integrates the results of chemical study of the Ettehadieh tiles with other available technological information on nineteenth-century Persian tiles, including chemical analyses of signed tiles and samples of pigments, as well as the study of the treatise of a certain Persian potter, ‘Ali Mohammad Isfahani, to suggest processes of materials procurement and manufacture. These processes are used as evidence to discuss trade and technological interactions between Iran and Europe in the nineteenth century.

Entrepreneurial Traditionalism in Nineteenth-Century France: A Study of the Patronage industriel des enfants de l'ébénisterie

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Shai Weissbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

The late nineteenth century was a critical epoch in the history of French industry. During this period, many French industrialists adopted, for the first time, entrepreneurial attitudes towards business. At the same time, however, traditional skilled trades continued to play an important role in the national economy. In this article, Professor Weissbach explores the attitudes and practices of nineteenth-century entrepreneurs in the French luxury trade. By focusing specifically on the Patronage industriel des enfants de l'ébénisterie—an organization established to assist, educate, and moralize children apprentices in the French furniture industry—Weissbach reveals that traditional and entrepreneurial attitudes and practices coexisted throughout the nineteenth century.

The Opium Trade in Szechwan 1881 to 1911

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A.M. Adshead
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western China ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Opium Production ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

This paper examines three aspects of the Opium trade in Szechwan from 1881, when for the first time there is evidence that China consumed as much native as foreign opium and that Szechwan was both the largest producer and consumer, until 1911, when the cultivation of the poppy was completely suppressed in the province as a result of the vigorous imperial campaign against the trade. It will consider first, the demand for opium who smoked it and why; second, the production of opium, how it fitted into and contributed toward the economy of the province; finally, the character of the suppression campaign of 1906–1911 as it affected Szechwan will be considered. The conclusions of the paper may be summarised as follows. (1) While the expansion of the opium habit in Szechwan, as in the rest of China, had no one cause, in Szechwan it has for its background a prospering society whose values and accepted goals had not kept pace with its economic expansion, a society which provided increasing wealth and leisure on the one hand, but only limited opportunities for socially approved spending on the other. (2) The rapid expansion of opium production in late nineteenth century Szechwan was part of the development of a market economy both within the province and in its relations with the rest of China. (3) The opium suppression campaign, because it undermined a developing economy, was much less popular in Western China than it was in the east, and contributed to the widespread unrest in those parts, which in turn led to the revolution of 1911.

Sir Ernest Satow, Japan and Asia: the trials of a diplomat in the age of high imperialism

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Brailey
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Character ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Public Record ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis is an article highlighting the limitations of Lord Salisbury as foreign secretary in an age when foreign policy was for the first time taking on a truly global character, and yet its practitioners still possessed a rather parochial, almost exclusively European experience, and distrusted ‘experts’. It was of course the late nineteenth-century spread of European imperialism that first called for such global policy making, and thus most of this Europe-dominated world was still for the time being quite susceptible to a Eurocentric approach.But if any area was the exception it was eastern Asia, in due course to be mainly responsible for decline of Western imperial world hegemony. And in the vanguard of this counter-challenge was to be Japan, a country with which Salisbury personally was to find himself all at sea. By contrast, Ernest Satow, more than any other figure of his time, found the key to Japan, and it is a sign of how poorly general Western understanding of that country has progressed since then that his voluminous diaries and papers sit in the Public Record Office, still largely untouched by researchers.

scholarly journals Just a heartbeat away from one's body: interoceptive sensitivity predicts malleability of body-representations

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1717) ◽  
pp. 2470-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manos Tsakiris ◽  
Ana Tajadura- Jiménez ◽  
Marcello Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Body Representations ◽  
Monitoring Task ◽  
Interoceptive Sensitivity ◽  
First Time

Body-awareness relies on the representation of both interoceptive and exteroceptive percepts coming from one's body. However, the exact relationship and possible interaction of interoceptive and exteroceptive systems for body-awareness remain unknown. We sought to understand for the first time, to our knowledge, the interaction between interoceptive and exteroceptive awareness of the body. First, we measured interoceptive awareness with an established heartbeat monitoring task. We, then, used a multi-sensory-induced manipulation of body-ownership (e.g. Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI)) and we quantified the extent to which participants experienced ownership over a foreign body-part using behavioural, physiological and introspective measures. The results suggest that interoceptive sensitivity predicts the malleability of body representations, that is, people with low interoceptive sensitivity experienced a stronger illusion of ownership in the RHI. Importantly, this effect was not simply owing to a poor proprioceptive representation or differences in autonomic states of one's body prior to the multi-sensory stimulation, suggesting that interoceptive awareness modulates the online integration of multi-sensory body-percepts.

scholarly journals Modeling Uncertainty in Fracture Age Estimation from Pediatric Wrist Radiographs

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3227
Author(s):  
Franko Hržić ◽  
Michael Janisch ◽  
Ivan Štajduhar ◽  
Jonatan Lerga ◽  
Erich Sorantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Time

In clinical practice, fracture age estimation is commonly required, particularly in children with suspected non-accidental injuries. It is usually done by radiologically examining the injured body part and analyzing several indicators of fracture healing such as osteopenia, periosteal reaction, and fracture gap width. However, age-related changes in healing timeframes, inter-individual variabilities in bone density, and significant intra- and inter-operator subjectivity all limit the validity of these radiological clues. To address these issues, for the first time, we suggest an automated neural network-based system for determining the age of a pediatric wrist fracture. In this study, we propose and evaluate a deep learning approach for automatically estimating fracture age. Our dataset included 3570 medical cases with a skewed distribution toward initial consultations. Each medical case includes a lateral and anteroposterior projection of a wrist fracture, as well as patients’ age, and gender. We propose a neural network-based system with Monte-Carlo dropout-based uncertainty estimation to address dataset skewness. Furthermore, this research examines how each component of the system contributes to the final forecast and provides an interpretation of different scenarios in system predictions in terms of their uncertainty. The examination of the proposed systems’ components showed that the feature-fusion of all available data is necessary to obtain good results. Also, proposing uncertainty estimation in the system increased accuracy and F1-score to a final 0.906±0.011 on a given task.

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