Rebels, Believers, Survivors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Powers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Modern Myth

This book of essays covers a wide range of topics in the history of Albania and Kosovo. Many of the essays illuminate connections between the Albanian lands and external powers and interests, whether political, military, diplomatic or religious. Such topics include the Habsburg invasion of Kosovo in 1689, the manoeuvrings of Britain and France towards the Albanian lands during the Napoleonic Wars, the British interest in those lands in the late nineteenth century, and the Balkan War of 1912. On the religious side, essays examine ‘crypto-Christianity’ in Kosovo during the Ottoman period, the stories of conversion to Islam revealed by Inquisition records, the first theological treatise written in Albanian (1685), and the work of the ‘Apostolic Delegate’ who reformed the Catholic Church in early twentieth-century Albania. Some essays bring to life ordinary individuals hitherto unknown to history: women hauled before the Inquisition, for example, or the author of the first Albanian autobiography. The longest essay, on Ali Pasha, tells for the first time the full story of the role he played in the international politics of the Napoleonic Wars. Some of these studies have been printed before (several in hard-to-find publications, and one only in Albanian), but the greater part of this book appears here for the first time. This is not only a contribution to Albanian and Balkan history it also engages with many broader issues, including religious conversion, methods of enslavement within the Ottoman Empire, and the nature of modern myth-making about national identity.

ICONOLOGICAL METHOD IN SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF ARTWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
А. А. Gruzdev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Art Criticism ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erwin Panofsky ◽  
Symbolic Content ◽  
Structural Mechanisms ◽  
First Time

The history of art is marked by many experiments in expanding and contrasting different methods and concepts. Nevertheless, in recent years there have been increasing attempts to draw parallels between iconology and semiotics. Of particular interest is the so-called Erwin Panofsky method, which forms the basis of modern iconology. The article discusses various aspects of the use of the iconological method in connection with the semiotic analysis of artistic works. Both general questions of the formation of iconology and special questions of its application and synthesis in the context of semiotic analysis are highlighted. A brief overview of the main iconological principles in revealing the figurative and symbolic content of the work is given, and the main features of the structural mechanisms underlying the semiotic approach are summarized. The scientific novelty of the work is determined primarily by the fact that for the first time the peculiarities of the application of the iconological method as one of the tools of semiotic analysis are investigated. Semiotics and iconology have a wide range of application in the study of culture-specific relations, since in contemporary art criticism, there is a great scientific interest in understanding the artwork as a carrier of national-cultural information. All this increases the methodological possibilities for studying the artwork, and thus expands the boundaries of the historical study of fine art.

Ivan Kavaleridze`s dramaturgy on the Sumy stage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Budianskyi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Comedy ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socialist Realist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Old Men ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The characteristic features of I. Kavaleridze’s drama is considered in the article. It is noted that there are signs of the artist’s individuality, attraction to expressionist forms, artistic techniques characteristic for the art of sculpture: symbolism, monumentality, hyperbole. I. Kavaleridze was well versed in the drama laws, understood the specifics of the stage events construction, had a large arsenal of literary means, thanks to which the characters’ monologues and dialogues were extremely expressive and colorful. In his work, he implemented original solutions that were ahead of time. Therefore, many of the artist’s ideas and achievements received due recognition only after his death. I. Kavaleridze’s creative heritage covers a wide range of both purely artistic and general philosophical problems. Among them the formation of the era of modernism and its features in the Ukrainian art of the early XX century, the impact of revolutionary ideas on the work of the 1920s, the role of spiritual leaders of the Ukrainian people T. Shevchenko and G. Skovoroda in the formation of national consciousness, political and ideological pressure on figurative art language and the formation of a socialist-realist canon, etc. The analysis of the productions of I. Kavalerizde’s plays “The First Furrow” and “Gregory and Paraskeva” on the stage of the Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy in 1970-1972. The article notes that these plays were staged in Sumy for the first time in the history of Ukrainian theater. The premiere of “The First Furrow” (the play was called “Old Men”) took place on March 19, 1970. The figure of the national genius Hryhoriy Skov oroda was als o embodied for the first time on t he stage in Sumy in th e play “Hryhoriy and Paraskeva”. It premiered on October 21, 1972. I. Rybchynsky, Honored Artist of the USSR, performed the production. Creating generalized historical outlines of people’s life, features of life at that time, depicting psychological portraits of people in various, sometimes-dramatic collisions, in the productions of I. Kavaleridze’s plays on the Sumy stage the emphasis was on universal values such as virtue, love. The main character was the Ukrainian people, who nurtured such large-scale historical figures, gave them strength and wisdom for great achievements. Based on publications in periodicals of that time, memoirs of Ukrainian directors, the peculiarities of the director’s interpretation, stenographic and musical design of these plays on the Sumy stage are considered. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of acting works in I. Kavaleridze’s plays. In particular, the peculiarities of the actor’s embodiment of the image of the national genius Hryhoriy Skovoroda on the stage are presented. It is noted that I. Kavaleridze’s plays, created in a difficult political, social and ideological context, are rightly considered to be highly artistic works of Ukrainian drama. Their staging was carried out on various theatrical stages, including Mykhailo Shchepkin Sumy Theater of Drama and Musical Comedy is an important page of national theatrical art.

American Foreign Policy

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Clash Of Civilisations

This book brings together international relations scholars, political theorists, and historians to reflect on the intellectual history of American foreign policy since the late nineteenth century. It offers a nuanced and multifaceted collection of essays covering a wide range of concerns, concepts, presidential doctrines, and rationalities of government thought to have marked America’s engagement with the world during this period: nation-building, exceptionalism, isolationism, modernisation, race, utopia, technology, war, values, the ‘clash of civilisations’ and many more.

Entrepreneurial Traditionalism in Nineteenth-Century France: A Study of the Patronage industriel des enfants de l'ébénisterie

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Shai Weissbach
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitudes ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time

The late nineteenth century was a critical epoch in the history of French industry. During this period, many French industrialists adopted, for the first time, entrepreneurial attitudes towards business. At the same time, however, traditional skilled trades continued to play an important role in the national economy. In this article, Professor Weissbach explores the attitudes and practices of nineteenth-century entrepreneurs in the French luxury trade. By focusing specifically on the Patronage industriel des enfants de l'ébénisterie—an organization established to assist, educate, and moralize children apprentices in the French furniture industry—Weissbach reveals that traditional and entrepreneurial attitudes and practices coexisted throughout the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Organization of Medical Care for Prisoners of Tobolsk Prison Castle: End of XVIII — First Half of XIX Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
N. I. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Material Base ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Private Charity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
First Time

The article examines the initial period of the formation of penitentiary medicine on the example of the prison hospital of the Tobolsk prison castle (ostrog). The article is the first work on the history of penitentiary medicine in the Tobolsk province. The study was based on a wide range of sources, the most significant are documents from central and regional archives, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In the first half of the XIX century. The legal framework of penitentiary medicine is being formed, the execution of legislative and subordinate acts can be traced in the activities of the prison administration, its interaction with the West Siberian Governor-General, civil governors, and state institutions. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the organization of medical care for prisoners. The development of the hospital’s material base depended not only on the amount of state funds allocated, but to a greater extent on the contributions of the charitable foundation of the provincial prison trust committee, as well as private charity. The management of the hospital was carried out by doctors of the civil medical service, only in 1854, by the decision of the Governing Senate, the position of a doctor was introduced into the prison staff. The causes of morbidity and mortality of prisoners are analyzed, the sacrificial feat of prison doctors during the cholera epidemic of 1848 is noted.

Literary Heritage. Vol. 112 (Books 1–2) Andrey Bely. History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul. Book 1

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Andrey Bely ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Volume 112 of Literary Heritage contains Andrey Bely’s fundamental two-volume treatise History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul (1926–1931), the main, summary work of his life, published in its entirety on the basis of the author’s autographs for the first time. It presents the symbolist writer as an original philosopher, an outstanding historian and cultural critic. In it Bely explores the laws of human development, starting with the appearance of Christianity and ending with the XX century, the era of symbolism and anthroposophy. The unique set of related materials is published for the first time: the draft of the treatise, fragments of the first edition, explanatory notes by Andrey Bely himself and his widow K.N. Bugayeva. For the first time, drawings, diagrams and accompanying posters are reproduced that clarify the author’s idea of History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul. The publication is provided with essential detailed scholarly commentary, an introduction and afterword, indexes of names and illustrations. The book is intended for philologists, historians, philosophers; for researchers, postgraduates, students and a wide range of readers interested in the history of world culture and civilization.

Broadmoor's Early ‘Pleasure Women’, or the Somatechnics of Maternal Filicide in Late Nineteenth-Century Britain

Somatechnics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 310-329
Author(s):  
Nikki Sullivan ◽  
Cathy Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
British History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Specific Configuration ◽  
Medical Treatises ◽  
Heterogeneous Ensemble ◽  
Regulatory Decisions ◽  
First Time

Drawing on primary and secondary sources including Broadmoor Criminal Lunatic Asylum patient files (specifically for the years 1863–1874), trial notes, newspaper reports, medical treatises, parliamentary debates, government reports, and juridical texts, this paper offers a critical genealogy of what we identify as the key somatechnologies that contributed to the gathering together, for the first time in British history, of a large number of women who murdered (or attempted to murder) their offspring in a purpose-built asylum for the criminally insane. Our analysis offers a (necessarily partial) mapping of the dispositif – that is, the ‘thoroughly heterogeneous ensemble … of discourses, institutions, architectural forms, regulatory decisions, laws, administrative measures, scientific statements, philosophical, moral and philanthropic propositions' ( Foucault 1980b : 194) – that we contend engendered a culturally- and historically-specific configuration of the maternal filicide that thoroughly saturated the lives of women on whom this study is based.

Conveying Ćeif: Three Croatian Folklore and Folklife Writings on Bosniak Coffee Culture

Folklorica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Dorian Jurić
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
First Time ◽  
By Products

This article presents three short passages describing coffee and coffeehouse culture among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Muslims in the late nineteenth century. These texts are drawn from manuscripts collected by lay, Croatian folklore and folklife collectors who submitted them to two early collecting projects in Zagreb. The pieces are translated here for the first time into English and placed into historical and cultural context regarding the history of coffee culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the wider Ottoman Empire as well as the politics of folklore collection at the time. By using the Pan-Ottoman concept of ćeif as a theoretical lens, I argue that these early folklorists produced impressive folklife accounts of Bosniak foodways, but that these depictions inevitably enfolded both genuine interest and negative by-products of the wider politics of their era.

Cycles of Cathay

Transfers ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J.M. Rhoads
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Back Seat ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Personal Transportation ◽  
The City

Introduced into China in the late nineteenth century, the bicycle had to compete with a variety of alternative modes of personal transportation that for a number of years limited its appeal and utility. Thus, during the 1920s and 1930s it took a back seat to the hand-pulled rickshaw and during the 1940s to the pedicab (cycle rickshaw). It was only in the 1950s that the bicycle became the primary means of transportation for most urban Chinese. For the next four decades, as its use spread from the city to the countryside, China was the iconic “bicycle kingdom.“ Since the 1990s, however, the pedal-powered bicycle has been overtaken by the automobile (and motorcycle). Nevertheless, with the recent appearance and growing popularity of the e-bike, the bicycle may yet play an important role in China's transport modal mix. This overview history of the bicycle in China is based on a wide range of textual sources in English and Chinese as well as pictorial images.

scholarly journals Persons in Linguistics of the Ural-Volga Region: Halil Açıköz

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Feride Insanovna Tagirova
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The work is devoted to the description of the life of the Turkish linguist H. Çıkgöz. For the first time in the history of Turkish science his scientific interests were directed to the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Ural-Volga region of Russia – the Mari and Udmurts. Methods. The work is written in the genre of an essay, many episodes of which are due to the author’s memories of the scientist. Results. The presented material can be used in the compilation of bio-bibliographic indexes and databases in the field of the study of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural-Volga region. Discussion. As a scientist H. Açıkgöz had a wide range of scientific interests and systemic knowledge in various fields: in the field of modern linguistics and written monuments, medieval classical poetry and art in general. In Turkey he was a lecturer at Istanbul University, known as a philologist in his true sense. In Tatarstan he was known as a Türkologist, but few had any idea of the true scope of his scientific interests. In Mari El and Udmurtia they did not have time to recognize him, with the exception of a narrow circle of scientists. This work is useful in that it sheds light on his activities in the field of Finno-Ugric studies, which still remain in the shadows. A wide circle of scholars, both in Russia and abroad, still do not know that H. Açıkgöz was engaged in theoretical and practical study of the Finno-Ugric languages, compilation of the Mari-Turkish dictionary and translation of the dictionary of Tatar and Bashkir borrowings in the Mari language of N.I. Isanbaev.

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