Ernest Hemingway

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-185
Author(s):  
David A. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Writing ◽  
Private And Public

Hemingway’s World War I writing developed, first, as he honed his distinctive style and progressed toward completing his first novel. In the 1930s, Hemingway shifted approach, however, and his World War I-related writings came under the influence of his interest in social inequality (To Have and Have Not); his shift toward showing instead of implying interiority in Across the River and into the Trees; and the general imposition of his ego into his private and public writing. He remained committed, however, to the idea of the inherently complex nature of warfare.

The Lost Generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. McKee
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
The Sun ◽  
World War ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Sun Also Rises ◽  
The Sun Also Rises

The Lost Generation is a group of expatriate American writers who came of age during World War I and who subsequently became prominent literary figures. The term can also be used to refer to the whole of the post-World War I generation. The term was coined by Gertrude Stein (1874–1946) in a comment to Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) in which she declared, ‘You are all a lost generation’. Hemingway subsequently used this phrase as an epigraph to his novel The Sun also Rises (1926), which is often seen as emblematic of the Lost Generation’s literary tradition.

SOME SECOND THOUGHTS ON PROGRESSIVISM AND RIGHTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon J. Eisenach
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
World War ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
War Experience ◽  
Governing Institutions

AbstractAfter summarizing the ways in which Progressive intellectuals attacked individualist understandings of rights and mechanistic understandings of constitutional government, a series of second thoughts on this argument are pursued. The first centers on the ways in which progressivism differed from New Deal liberalism, especially regarding “big government.” Progressive understandings of politics rest on a distinction between “government(s)” and “state,” derived from Tocqueville and Lincoln’s understandings of popular sovereignty. Secondly, this distinction is reinforced by their stress on an articulate and coherent public opinion that would provide democratic legitimacy to all forms of governing institutions, both “public” and “private,” that serve the common good. The Civil War experience was their model, one which they first thought would be reincarnated in the preparation for World War I. Given both private and public assaults on free speech, Progressives in the 1920s often led the movement for protections of civil liberties and for a new respect paid to the First Amendment. The conclusion examines the continuities and discontinuities of Progressive political thought in contemporary political discourse.

Scharoun, Hans Bernhard Henry (1893–1972)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Kiessel
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Military Government ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Technical University ◽  
East Prussia

Born in Bremen and raised in Bremerhaven, Hans Bernhard Henry Scharoun was a German architect and major proponent of expressionist and organic architecture. He studied for several years at the Technical University of Berlin, but his studies were interrupted by the beginning of World War I in 1914. Following the war, Scharoun worked on reconstruction in East Prussia and as a freelance architect. Prior to World War II, Scharoun’s building activity covered East Prussia, Wrocław (Breslau), and Berlin; after 1945 he continued his work in West Germany. In the revolutionary atmosphere following World War I, Scharoun became a member of the short-lived expressionist group Die gläserne Kette [Glass Chain]. In 1926 he joined the architectural association Der Ring [The Ring], which promoted Neues Bauen [New Building], and was engaged with private and public housing projects until 1933. During World War II Scharoun remained in Germany, working on only a few residential commissions. The Soviet military government made him city architect of Berlin in 1945–1946, after which he accepted a professorship at the Technical University of Berlin. Scharoun enjoyed a prolific building career, beginning in the mid-1950s; however, it was cut short by his death on November 25, 1972, in Berlin.

Mothers of France

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Duckett
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Town

This chapter explores new interconnections between private and public life, the provincial home and the global stage, in Mothers of France, a patriotic film that was made to encourage Americans—particularly women—to participate in World War I. More specifically, it considers how Sarah Bernhardt in Mothers of France was used as a propaganda tool to sway American audiences to the Allied cause. Now engaging ideas about nation and nationhood in explicitly combative ways, the film's narrative begins in the bourgeois home but quickly moves into a provincial village and then into the trenches of the war. In the film Sarah Bernhardt appears at her most “cinematic” in contemporary terms, because film allowed her, literally, to move after the amputation of her leg. This chapter considers how World War I brings new meanings to the notion of “the home front” by following Bernhardt as a mother in the home, then see her as a patriot in the town, and finally as a nurse on the home front.

An Organizational Perspective on the Military-Industrial Complex

1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Cuff
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
World War ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Military ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Is there a “military-industrial complex” in the United States? What is the relationship between business, government, and the military with its needs for vast quantities of goods and services? How has organization for war and defense changed since the demands of World War I first made such questions important? How much do we know about what actually happened between World War I and Vietnam to change the relationship between private and public organizations? Professor Cuff discusses the complexities involved in trying to answer such historical questions, and prescribes a professional historian's regimen for future work on this subject.

Introduction: From Bourgeois to Corporatist Europe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World War I ◽  
European Society ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Elected Representatives

This introductory chapter explains that the book examines the process by which three European nations—France, Germany, and Italy—achieved political and economic stabilization in the decade after World War I. It shows how conservatives aimed at a stability and status associated with prewar Europe, employing the term “bourgeois” as a shorthand for all they felt threatened by war, mass politics, and economic difficulty. The book describes the emergence of a corporatist political economy that involved the displacement of power from elected representatives or a career bureaucracy to the major organized forces of European society and economy. This evolution toward corporatism meant the decline of sovereignty and of parliamentary influence. The book highlights two further significant developments that emerged only with the massive economic mobilization of World War I: the integration of organized labor into a bargaining system supervised by the state, and the wartime erosion of the distinction between private and public sectors.

Commemoration

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kathryn Barbier
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
War Memorials ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Fireworks Displays ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Battle Of The Somme

Societies commemorate past events in different ways, and in many cases, decisions about how to honor those who fought and died, as well as those who survived, are contested ones. There are many manifestations of the rituals of commemoration, including monuments of varying sizes, songs such as “The Battle Hymn of the Republic,” poems and other forms of literature, parades such as those on Veterans’ Day or Memorial Day, festivals, fireworks displays on the Fourth of July and other important days, and moments of silence. The Gettysburg battlefield is littered with monuments—small, unimposing ones and large, attention-grabbing ones. Landscapes can be dominated or shaped by monuments, such as the Menin Gate Memorial in Ypres, Belgium, or the Battle of the Somme Memorial at Thieval. Memorials can be both temporary and permanent. Some are stark, while others overwhelm the viewer with multiple images. Numerous factors shape commemorations. One factor that determines the ritual is the nature of the event that is being memorialized. Because battles and wars have multiple effects on society, it is perhaps not surprising that decisions about commemorating these events are frequently contentious. In some cases, major conflicts ultimately shape the future identity of a nation. Such is the case with World War I and Great Britain. The books and articles included here reflect interest in these commemorations. Authors argue that what is included in commemorations is just as important as what is omitted. While some of the authors present superficial views of war memorials, others delve deeper and seek the meaning of the images and texts used. Many endeavor to discern what the rituals and memorials say about the people who construct them and how these commemorations shape a nation’s or a people’s identity. These books and articles are about the legacy of war, about remembering and honoring the dead, about celebrating those who survived, about the emergence of battlefield tourism and what that says about a society, and about how societies mourn and recover. They make the distinction between individual and collective memory, between private and public rituals of remembrance. In sum, they are about societies: how they think, how they mourn, how they connect the past to the present, and how they incorporate the past into who and what they are.

American Writers and World War I

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Edith Wharton ◽  
World War ◽  
Hollywood Film ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
War Experience ◽  
Publishing Business

Recent scholarship has uncovered a spectrum of sociopolitical categories of World War I experience represented in American literature. American Writers and World War I resituates this collective focus on the multifaceted nature of war experience, by considering writers as idiosyncratic individuals—rather than as members of a particular constituency of identity. Looking at texts produced throughout the careers of Edith Wharton, Ellen La Motte, Mary Borden, Thomas Boyd, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Laurence Stallings, and Ernest Hemingway, David Rennie argues that authors’ war writing continuously evolved in response to the unfolding developments of their careers and personalities. War writing was implicated in, and influenced by, wider cultural forces such as governmental censorship, the publishing business, advertising, and the Hollywood film industry. Studying the lives of individual authors and the environments in which they worked reveals that writers did not demonstrate static, unvarying attitudes to the war, and that their depictions of it were repeatedly shaped by the practicalities of authorship. Rennie discusses the importance of American cultural and literary precedents, which offered writers means of assessing the war, and argues that even authors’ hallmark “anti-war” works are in fact characterized by an awareness of the war’s nuanced effects on society and individuals.

Money and Body for Male’s Pleasure: A Psychoanalytical Reading of Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Shahi
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Character ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Sex And Sexuality ◽  
Farewell To Arms

This article explores World War I Hero, Expatriates: Money and Body are two major objects for males’ pleasure. The very title is slightly discussed applying psychoanalytical approach. Mainly, it studies focusing on Freudian and Jungian concepts of Sex and Sexuality. Statement of problems is to find out what made the people go outside the country as expatriates mainly to the protagonist Lieutenant Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley, in the novel A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway. Furthermore, this article tries to analyze World War I Hero and Expatriates: Money and Body for Male’s pleasure with reference to some critics in the body part of this article. In A Farewell to Arms, the hero, Frederic Henry, is badly injured by the bomb shell in the Italian front during the World War I. He is admitted to the Milan hospital and has been involved with the nurse Catherine Barkley. She is a volunteer nurse and the central character. However, the hero, Henry is attracted towards her for his pleasure not only from the perspective of money but for body and pleasure. These two characters represent the American and British expatriates who are crowding the bars, restaurants, night clubs, bull fight sports or in different entertaining places getting fed up with the horrors of World War I. They live comfortably in the foreign country. They want to get rid of the war and weapons so that they can enjoy as outsiders in the foreign countries as expatriates.

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