The Heartbeat of Fieldwork

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Claudio Coletta
Keyword(s):  
Technology Management ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Control Rooms ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The City

This chapter explores the issue of temporality in undertaking ethnographic fieldwork, drawing on research that examined traffic control rooms, wherein software is used to automatically regulate traffic flow in a city. The study identifies two key aspects of temporality in this situation: (1) polyrhythmia at different scales produced by algorithms, technology, management, and urban life; and (2) the process of organizing multiple timelines to tune the ‘heartbeat’ of the city. As time represents a new object of concern for the ethnographic investigation of algorithmic management, I introduce the concept of halfway ethnography as a way to grasp the heartbeat of the fieldwork, focusing on its material organizing of dispersed and heterogeneous temporalities while tuning in with such temporalities.

scholarly journals Rhythm-making, halfway ethnographies and ‘city heartbeats’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Coletta
Keyword(s):  
Technology Management ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Organizational Ethnography ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
The City ◽  
Lived Time

This paper explores the issue of temporality in undertaking ethnographic fieldwork, drawing on research that examined urban automated management, wherein software is used to automatically regulate traffic flow in a city. In this case, the study addressed: 1) polyrhythmia at different scales produced by algorithms, technology, management and urban life, and; 2) the process of organizing multiple timelines to tune the ‘heartbeat’ of the city. Time is a resource for coordination and regulation, as well as for making sense of actions and experience. Being increasingly dispersed, and black-boxed in a multiplicity of processes affecting and configuring the way the past, present and future are perfomed and lived, time also represents a new object of concern for the ethnographic investigation of algorithmic management. I argue that ethnography allows us to understand the material organizing of dispersed and heterogeneous temporalities while also intersecting with such temporalities. Drawing on Guattari and Deleuze’s concept of ‘refrain’ and from Lefebvre’s ‘rhythmanalysis’, I introduce the concepts of rhythm-making and halfway ethnography with the purpose of accounting for the manufacturing of multiple temporalities and for the time-boundedness that links ethnographic practice and the technological, organizational, and cultural ‘heartbeats’ of fieldwork. This approach intends to temporally and spatially reposition organizational ethnography, offering analytical tools to study new contemporary entanglements of ethnographic practice and data.

scholarly journals Spectral Analysis of Traffic Functions in Urban Areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Nemtanu ◽  
Ilona Madalina Costea ◽  
Catalin Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Time Scales

The paper is focused on the Fourier transform application in urban traffic analysis and the use of said transform in traffic decomposition. The traffic function is defined as traffic flow generated by different categories of traffic participants. A Fourier analysis was elaborated in terms of identifying the main traffic function components, called traffic sub-functions. This paper presents the results of the method being applied in a real case situation, that is, an intersection in the city of Bucharest where the effect of a bus line was analysed. The analysis was done using different time scales, while three different traffic functions were defined to demonstrate the theoretical effect of the proposed method of analysis. An extension of the method is proposed to be applied in urban areas, especially in the areas covered by predictive traffic control.

scholarly journals Clustering Mining of Urban Traffic Flow Based on CVAE

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Min-Tong Su ◽  
◽  
Jin Zheng ◽  
Zu-Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
The City ◽  
Ap Clustering

Understanding the urban traffic flow at intersections is helpful to formulate traffic control strategies, so as to ease traffic pressure and improve people's living standards. There are many related researches on traffic flow, and similarity research is one of them. Different from the traditional way, this paper studies the traffic flow from the perspective of image similarity. The Convolutional Variational Auto-Encoder (CVAE) is introduced to extract the low-dimensional features of traffic flow during a day, and Affinity Propagation (AP) clustering algorithm is used to cluster the features without real labels. Combining the clustering results with geographic coordinates reveals the distribution pattern of traffic flow. The experimental data includes about 10 million vehicle records at 650 intersections in Changsha on a certain day. The clustering results show that the traffic flow at the intersection of Changsha City can be divided into three categories according to the time-variant trends, and the distribution of each category basically conforms to the daily traffic laws of the city. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the clustering process is further verified by clustering the open source temporal data of different lengths.

Perancangan Boneka Edukasi Terinspirasi oleh Pencipta Boneka Si Unyil

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhari Amri
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Materials

Film Unyil puppet comes not just part of the entertainment world that can be enjoyed by people from the side of the story, music, and dialogue. However, there is more value in it which is a manifestation of the creator that can be absorbed into the charge for the benefit of educating the children of Indonesia to the public at large. The Unyil puppet created by the father of Drs. Suyadi is one of the works that are now widely known by the whole people of Indonesia. The process of creating a puppet Unyil done with simple materials and formation of character especially adapted to the realities of the existing rural region. Through this process, this research leads to the design process is fundamentally educational puppet inspired by the creation of Si Unyil puppet. The difference is the inspiring character created in this study is on the characters that exist in urban life, especially the city of Jakarta. Thus the results of this study are the pattern of how to shape the design of products through the creation of the puppet with the approach of urban culture.

ENSURING THE PEDESTRIAN’S SAFETY DESIGN OF URBAN STREET CROSSWALKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Nemchinov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Positive Practices ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing ◽  
The City

The article presents an analysis of positive practices for ensuring the safety of pedestrians at the inter-section of the city streets carriageway, as well as a description of some innovations of regulatory and tech-nical documents, including an increased number of cases when a safety island can be arranged at a pedestri-an crossing. requirements for providing visibility at a pedestrian crossing to determine the minimum distance of visibility at a pedestrian crossing based on the time required pedestrians for crossing the roadway, recommended options for using ground unregulated pedestrian crossings on trapezoidal artificial irregularities according to GOST R 52605; traffic flow) and Z-shaped (also in the direction of the traffic flow), the requirements for the size of the securi-ty island have been established to allow put bicycle inside of safety island, a recommended set of measures to reduce the vehicle speed and describes the types of activities and describes a method of their application, describes methods zones device with reduced travel speed - residential and school zones, set requirements for turboroundabouts and methods of their design.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avner de Shalit
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
The City

Immigration should be discussed within the context of the city rather than the state because cities are now quite autonomous political entities and because nearly all immigrants settle in cities. Hence the meeting between locals and immigrants take place in the context of urban life rather than as citizens of the state. The book’s three questions are presented: should cities be in charge of deciding whether to allow immigrants to settle in the city? If yes, what local political rights should be granted to immigrants? And is there a model of integration which is superior to other models? The latter involved a comparative study of three such models, in Amsterdam, Berlin, and Jerusalem.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Population Flow in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Jiang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Shenglan Wang ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Chengpeng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Effective Distance ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
The City

The COVID-19 epidemic has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Thus, this sudden health incident has brought great risk and pressure to the city with dense population flow. A deep understanding of the migration characteristics and laws of the urban population in China will play a very positive role in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. Based on Baidu location-based service (LBS) big data, using complex networks method and geographic visualization tools, this paper explores the spatial structure evolution of population flow network (PFN) in 368 cities of China under different traffic control situations. Effective distance models and linear regression models were established to analyze how the population flow across cities affects the spread of the epidemic. Our findings show that: (1) the scope of population flow is closely related to the administrative level of the city and the traffic control policies in various cities which adjust with the epidemic situation; The PFN mainly presents the hierarchical structure dominated by the urban hierarchy and the regional isolation structure adjacent to the geographical location.(2) through the analysis network topology structure of PFN, it is found that only the first stage has a large clustering coefficient and a relatively short average path length, which conforms to the characteristics of small world network. The epidemic situation has a great impact on the network topology in other stages, and the network structure tends to be centralized. (3) The overall migration scale of the whole country decreased by 36.85% compared with the same period of last year’s lunar calendar, and a further reduction of 78.52% in the nationwide traffic control stage after the festival. (4) Finally, based on the comparison of the effective distance and the spatial distance from the Wuhan to other destination cities, it is demonstrated that there is a higher correlation between the effective distance and the epidemic spread both in Hubei province and the whole country.

scholarly journals Diachronic modeling of the population within the medieval Greater Angkor Region settlement complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. eabf8441
Author(s):  
Sarah Klassen ◽  
Alison K. Carter ◽  
Damian H. Evans ◽  
Scott Ortman ◽  
Miriam T. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The City

Angkor is one of the world’s largest premodern settlement complexes (9th to 15th centuries CE), but to date, no comprehensive demographic study has been completed, and key aspects of its population and demographic history remain unknown. Here, we combine lidar, archaeological excavation data, radiocarbon dates, and machine learning algorithms to create maps that model the development of the city and its population growth through time. We conclude that the Greater Angkor Region was home to approximately 700,000 to 900,000 inhabitants at its apogee in the 13th century CE. This granular, diachronic, paleodemographic model of the Angkor complex can be applied to any ancient civilization.

TripRes

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Zijie Fang ◽  
Lianyong Qi ◽  
Xuyun Zhang ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Traffic Flow Prediction ◽  
The City ◽  
Multimedia Surveillance

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) connects vehicles, roadside units (RSUs) and other intelligent objects, enabling data sharing among them, thereby improving the efficiency of urban traffic and safety. Currently, collections of multimedia content, generated by multimedia surveillance equipment, vehicles, and so on, are transmitted to edge servers for implementation, because edge computing is a formidable paradigm for accommodating multimedia services with low-latency resource provisioning. However, the uneven or discrete distribution of the traffic flow covered by edge servers negatively affects the service performance (e.g., overload and underload) of edge servers in multimedia IoV systems. Therefore, how to accurately schedule and dynamically reserve proper numbers of resources for multimedia services in edge servers is still challenging. To address this challenge, a traffic flow prediction driven resource reservation method, called TripRes, is developed in this article. Specifically, the city map is divided into different regions, and the edge servers in a region are treated as a “big edge server” to simplify the complex distribution of edge servers. Then, future traffic flows are predicted using the deep spatiotemporal residual network (ST-ResNet), and future traffic flows are used to estimate the amount of multimedia services each region needs to offload to the edge servers. With the number of services to be offloaded in each region, their offloading destinations are determined through latency-sensitive transmission path selection. Finally, the performance of TripRes is evaluated using real-world big data with over 100M multimedia surveillance records from RSUs in Nanjing China.

Oosterweel – from an underground and even underwater road infrastructure plan to an urban transformation project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Hellemans
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Living Space ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

<p>For the coming ten years, the heart of Europe will turn into a gigantic construction site for works on one of the largest hubs of the continent: Antwerp. The Oosterweel Link is the project whereby the motorway ring around Antwerp is undergoing a metamorphosis to reinvigorate traffic flow and add living space to the City. The project had come to a standstill for several years as a result of protests by assertive citizens, but was given a second lease of life following a large-scale participation project.</p><p>To ensure its successful completion, unparalleled efforts are being made in the field and in the area of digitization. It is therefore with good reason that in Belgium the project is referred to as “the construction site of the century”.</p>

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