Orazio Romano’s Porcaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-71
Author(s):  
Marta Celati
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Dimension ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Manuscript Copy

This chapter presents a thorough critical study of Orazio Romano’s poem Porcaria, a not very well-known text on Stefano Porcari’s conspiracy against Pope Nicholas V, in 1453. The comprehensive analysis of this work provides a complete reconstruction of the history of the text, based on the examination of the only manuscript copy of the poem still extant, and a thorough investigation of the wide-ranging classical sources used by the author in his work: in particular Vergil, Lucan, Statius, Sallust, Livy, and Claudian. The intertextual analysis points out the complex and multifunctional process of imitation performed by Orazio Romano in the creation of his sophisticated poem: a practice that affects both stylistic and thematic elements and is also aimed at creating a complex dimension of exemplarity. Moreover, the chapter analyses the political perspective of the text, which proves to be closely connected with the system of cultural politics developed by Nicholas V in the same years. Orazio Romano’s poem, in fact, is informed by a secular dimension in dealing with the issue of the conspiracy against the pope. Nicholas V himself emerges in the Porcaria as the figure of a papal prince, whose power is legitimized by an ennobling connection with the classical tradition. Classical symbols, values, and exemplars play a prominent function in bestowing authority on a new kind of papal government typical of the Renaissance age, which assumes the traits of a secular principality.

Angelo Poliziano’s Coniurationis commentarium

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-189
Author(s):  
Marta Celati
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Manuscript Tradition ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
Multiple References

The fourth chapter focuses on Poliziano’s Coniurationis commentarium, the literary account of the Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici brothers, Lorenzo and Giuliano (1478). The critical analysis reconstructs the circumstances of composition of the text, its publication in two printed editions, and its circulation in the manuscript tradition, revealing that the work enjoyed widespread diffusion as the central pillar of pro-Medici propaganda. The investigation into the text shows that it totally adheres to the guidelines of Lorenzo de’ Medici’s cultural politics in the aftermath of the plot. The thorough examination of the changes made by Poliziano in the second version of the text confirms that its political perspective also mirrored the evolution of the political situation in Florence and in Italy in 1480. Despite being a highly propagandistic work, Poliziano’s Commentarium is also a sophisticated piece of literature produced by the eclectic combination of manifold sources drawn from the classical tradition: a conflation that reflects the humanist’s principle of docta varietas. The main prototype of Sallust is combined it with multiple references to a variety of models: other classical historians (Suetonius, Caesar, and Livy), poetry, comic authors (most of all Terence), and even technical literature (Celsus, Pliny the Elder, etc.). In particular, the extensive use of Suetonius, especially his biography of Caesar, conveys particular political overtones. One of the crucial ideological elements in the text is the representation of Lorenzo de’ Medici as an actual heroic prince, who is loved by his people and embodies the idea of the whole state.

scholarly journals Mapping the history of codification

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 485-508
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Halpérin
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
New States ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Civil Codes ◽  
Point Of Departure

Bentham has defended the idea of a general codification as a “map of the law” that could allow the comparison between the laws of different nations. This essay aims to use this relationship about the ideas of codifying the law and mapping the laws to think about the possibility of mapping the history of codification, taking as its point of departure the writing specialized codes - not only the civil codes. Mapping can be a means to deal with the relationships between the countries adopting a code, the opportunity to consider the relationships between the codes and the creation of new States, the national processes of unification, the adoption, the political and social revolutions and ruptures. Also, it will try to make correspondences between these phenomena in order to construct tables that could be represented through future maps.

scholarly journals Interrupting the Anthropo-obScene: Immuno-biopolitics and Depoliticizing Ontologies in the Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Swyngedouw ◽  
Henrik Ernstson
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
The Political ◽  
System Management ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Earth System Science ◽  
System Science ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The Creation

This paper argues that ‘the Anthropocene’ is a deeply depoliticizing notion. This de-politicization unfolds through the creation of a set of narratives, what we refer to as ‘AnthropoScenes’, which broadly share the effect of off-staging certain voices and forms of acting. Our notion of the Anthropo-obScene is our tactic to both attest to and undermine the depoliticizing stories of ‘the Anthropocene’. We first examine how various AnthropoScenes, while internally fractured and heterogeneous, ranging from geo-engineering and earth system science to more-than-human and object-oriented ontologies, place things and beings, human and non-human, within a particular relational straitjacket that does not allow for a remainder or constitutive outside. This risks deepening an immunological biopolitical fantasy that promises adaptive and resilient terraforming, an earth system management of sorts that permits life as we know it to continue for some, while turning into a necropolitics for others. Second, we develop a post-foundational political perspective in relation to our dramatically changing socio-ecological situation. This perspective understands the political in terms of performance and, in an Arendtian manner, re-opens the political as forms of public-acting in common that subtracts from or exceeds what is gestured to hold socio-ecological constellations together. We conclude that what is off-staged and rendered obscene in ‘the AnthropoScenes’ carries precisely the possibility of a return of the political.

The Interior of Newly Renovated St. John’s Museum in Nepomuk as Seen through the Eyes of its Employees

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Kateřina Dobrovolná
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Creation

Saint John’s Museum in Nepomuk, which is dedicated to the Saint of the same name (who was a local native), was reopened in March 2015. It’s original name was the Museum of St. John’s and other religious monuments and the museum was founded in 1930 by Father Jan Strnad. The institution was subsequently closed in the mid-20th Century. The study cursorily reveals the history of the Museum and the overall history and architecture of the building, where the Museum is located and its present status and particularly the reconstruction and the equipment of the Museum’s interior from the point of view of the Museum’s employees, specifically in regard to any problematical display cases. Three semistructured interviews were conducted with people who had contributed to the Museum in varying degrees, focused on the reconstruction of the Museum. This critical study can be of service not only to the Museum staff but also for other professionals from this area during the reconstruction of exhibitions or the creation of new ones.

Liberal clergy organisations during the 1905-1907 revolution

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Павел Евгеньевич Липовецкий
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
History Of Formation

Статья посвящена истории становления организаций либерального духовенства в годы Первой русской революции (1905-1907) Политический кризис, начавшийся в Российской империи в 1905 г., поставил духовенство Православной Церкви перед необходимостью определить свою позицию по ряду общественных вопросов. Значительная часть клириков высказала симпатии либеральному направлению в политике. Наиболее крупные организации либерального духовенства сложились в Санкт-Петербурге и Москве. Сменившая несколько названий, столичная организация, выросшая из группы 32-х пастырей, в определённой степени пользовались поддержкой правящего архиерея - митр. Антония (Вадковского). Клирики имели возможность высказываться на собраниях и со страниц периодической печати. В свою очередь представители московского духовенства объединились на базе «Общества любителей духовного просвещения». Однако вскоре члены Общества вступили в конфликт с митр. Владимиром (Богоявленским), что заставило их искать поддержки у партии «Союз 17 октября». Это привело к созданию независимой от церковного начальства организации, получившей название «Вероисповедная комиссия при Союзе 17 октября». В программном отношении организации либерального духовенства схожи между собой. Первоначальной темой обсуждения в них были вопросы церковного преобразования, но позднее общественные темы приобрели больший вес. В провинции на данный момент объединений либерального духовенства выявить не удалось. Тем не менее прослеживается деятельность отдельных клириков. The article is devoted to the history of formation of liberal clergy organizations in the years of the First Russian revolution (1905-1907) The political crisis which began in the Russian Empire in 1905 made the Orthodox clergy to define their position on a number of social questions. A large proportion of the clergy expressed sympathy for the liberal trend in politics. The largest organisations of liberal clergy emerged in St Petersburg and Moscow. The organisation in the capital, which had grown out of a group of 32 pastors, had the support of the ruling bishop, Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky), to a certain extent. The clerics were able to speak out at meetings and in the press. Representatives of the Moscow clergy in their turn united on the basis of the 'Society of Lovers of Spiritual Enlightenment'. However, members of the Society soon came into conflict with Metropolitan Vladimir (Bogoyavlensky), which compelled them to seek support from the October 17th Union party. This led to the creation of an organization independent of church authorities called the Faith-Based Commission under the October 17th Union. In programmatic terms, the liberal clergy organizations were similar. Their initial topic of discussion was ecclesiastical conversion, but later social topics acquired greater weight. No liberal clergy associations could be traced in the provinces at present. Nevertheless, the activities of individual clerics can be traced.

African Women’s Paths to the International Bench

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Emiene Badejogbin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Personal Agency ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Judicial Appointments ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
High Level ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The lack of female judicial appointments in the history of international courts has led to the introduction of obligations and targets for nominating/appointing authorities to select and elect women candidates. Compliance with these obligations remains a challenge and the women who aspire to these offices must not only have the requisite qualifications, but also pass through the nomination and election processes, which can involve a high level of political manoeuvring. Mentoring, deliberate mobilization, and gatekeeping may also play a role. Other important elements that may affect a woman’s international judicial career include socio-economic factors, geo-cultural politics, the political will to nominate women, and a blend of contextual experiences, institutional opportunities, and personal agency. This chapter probes these dynamics, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for women who seek careers on the international bench, focusing specifically on the unique experiences of female African judges in international and regional courts.

Competing Visions of Japan’s Relations with Southeast Asia, 1938-1960

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Lang
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Regional Strategy ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

This book offers the first systematic and comprehensive analysis of the Japanese debate on the nation’s South East Asia policy from 1938–1941 and 1952–1960. In a detailed discourse analysis, it compares competing arguments offered by business circles, the military, the political and diplomatic elites, and intellectuals on Japan’s regional strategy. This book advances the field of the history of Japan’s diplomatic thinking, not only by addressing the issue of continuity and change in the discourse on Japan’s relations with South East Asia, but also by demonstrating how this debate served to explore more fundamental questions about Japan’s identity, its relations with Western nations and its stance on Asian solidarity. Heiko Lang (PhD) completed his doctoral studies at the Universities of Tokyo and Munich and is currently teaching international relations at Hosei University, Tokyo.

scholarly journals The Creation of Myth: Starting the First "Great Debate" in International Relations Theory

2015 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
T. A. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

From one textbook to another wanders the story about three (sometimes - four) Great debates, which formed the canonical history of the theory of international relations. In reality everything was much more complicated, and the theoretical richness much wider than many times repeated antinomic pairs - realism vs. idealism, traditionalism vs. modernism, rationalism vs. reflectivism The author regards the discussions between different trends of the political thought in the interwar period, which were later called the First "Great Debates", which, according to the author's view were pre-paradigmal.

scholarly journals The political structure of the Empire of Brazil according to the Constitution of 1824

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
N. I. Koloskova ◽  
E. А. Аlentsov ◽  
E. А. Nedostup ◽  
O. S. Ostapovich
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law

The article is devoted to the Constitution of Brazil of 1824, the first in the history of this country. The political structure of the Brazilian Empire described in the article was based on this Constitution, which was in force from its adoption until the proclamation of the First Brazilian Republic (1889). The article analyzes the tasks that stood at the creation of the Constitution and the main changes made to the state structure of Brazil after the law was initiated. It is emphasized that, although the Imperial Constitution did not solve all the problems in Brazilian society, it was the first to identify the issues to be resolved, and that the monarchy lasted longer in Brazil than successive Republican and dictatorial regimes, including thanks to the basic law of the country in the edition of 1824.

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