On Knowing One’s Reason

2021 ◽  
pp. 304-318
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dancy
Keyword(s):  
Negative Answer ◽  
Practical Reality

This chapter is about the question whether one can act for the reason that p when one does not know that p. A negative answer to this question has been promoted by Unger, Hornsby, Hyman, and others, suggesting that the picture of motivation presented in my Practical Reality is not sufficiently respectful of the important differences between acting in the light of knowledge and acting in the light of mere belief, justified or otherwise. In responding to these criticisms, this paper revisits various themes from that book, in particular the non-factivity of reasons-explanations, and certain changes to the views expressed there are accepted.

Academic centers for prevention research: Making prevention a practical reality.

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Price Connor ◽  
John R. Livengood
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Research ◽  
Practical Reality

Singularities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Picard Iteration ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
L2 Norm ◽  
Two Dimensional Flow ◽  
Physical Consequences

The initial value problem of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is explained. Leray’s classic study of it (using Picard iteration) is simplified and described in the language of physics. The ideas of Lebesgue and Sobolev norms are explained. The L2 norm being the energy, cannot increase. This gives sufficient control to establish existence, regularity and uniqueness in two-dimensional flow. The L3 norm is not guaranteed to decrease, so this strategy fails in three dimensions. Leray’s proof of regularity for a finite time is outlined. His attempts to construct a scale-invariant singular solution, and modern work showing this is impossible, are then explained. The physical consequences of a negative answer to the regularity of Navier–Stokes solutions are explained. This chapter is meant as an introduction, for physicists, to a difficult field of analysis.

scholarly journals Some inequalities for star duality of the radial Blaschke-Minkowski homomorphisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1064-1075
Author(s):  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Youjiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Answer ◽  
Positive Form ◽  
Dual Quermassintegrals ◽  
Monotonic Inequality ◽  
Star Bodies

Abstract In 2006, Schuster introduced the radial Blaschke-Minkowski homomorphisms. In this article, associating with the star duality of star bodies and dual quermassintegrals, we establish Brunn-Minkowski inequalities and monotonic inequality for the radial Blaschke-Minkowski homomorphisms. In addition, we consider its Shephard-type problems and give a positive form and a negative answer, respectively.

Where did Italian peasants live?

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D.A. Garnsey
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Tenant Farmers ◽  
The Impact

Until recently this was a question that was not asked. It was not asked because there was a prior question that was asked, and that received a negative answer: Did peasant proprietors survive in significant numbers in the late Republic or early Empire?The consensus of opinion has been that they were always to be found, but that they were relatively few. As the traditional rural economy of which they had been the characteristic feature gave way under the impact of new economic forces, they became a residual phenomenon. Moreover, this development had already occurred by the late second century B.C.It is to be noted that peasant proprietors, small farmers working the land they owned, rather than free cultivators as a whole, have usually been the object of inquiry. The roles of tenancy in the late Republic and of wage labour in all periods have rarely been positively evaluated. Again, the idea that small ownercultivators, tenant-farmers and day-labourers were overlapping categories in ancient Italy has been little developed in the scholarly literature.

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Grande ◽  
Elie Paillard ◽  
Jusef Hassoun ◽  
Jin-Bum Park ◽  
Yung-Jung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Reality ◽  
Air Battery

EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF THE CHARLESBY AND HORIKX MODELS APPLIED TO DE-VULCANIZATION OF SULFUR AND PEROXIDE VULCANIZATES OF NR AND EPDM

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. L. Verbruggen ◽  
L. van der Does ◽  
W. K. Dierkes ◽  
J. W. M. Noordermeer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Cross Link ◽  
Practical Reality ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

ABSTRACT The theoretical model developed by Charlesby to quantify the balance between cross-links creation of polymers and chain scission during radiation cross-linking and further modifications by Horikx to describe network breakdown from aging were merged to characterize the balance of both types of scission on the development of the sol content during de-vulcanization of rubber networks. There are, however, disturbing factors in these theoretical considerations vis-à-vis practical reality. Sulfur- and peroxide-cured NR and EPDM vulcanizates were de-vulcanized under conditions of selective cross-link and random main-chain scissions. Cross-link scission was obtained using thiol-amine reagents for selective cleavage of sulfur cross-links. Random main-chain scission was achieved by heating peroxide vulcanizates of NR with diphenyldisulfide, a method commonly employed for NR reclaiming. An important factor in the analyses of these experiments is the cross-linking index. Its value must be calculated using the sol fraction of the cross-linked network before de-vulcanization to obtain reliable results. The values for the cross-linking index calculated with sol-gel data before de-vulcanization appear to fit the experimentally determined modes of network scission during de-vulcanization very well. This study confirms that the treatment of de-vulcanization data with the merged Charlesby and Horikx models can be used satisfactorily to characterize the de-vulcanization of NR and EPDM vulcanizates.

Kallikrein blood system in acute respiratory diseases with bronchial obstruction syndrome in children

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

The activation of the kinin system of the blood in diseases of the respiratory system leads to an increase in the inflammatory response in the respiratory tract, causes bronchospasm to a large extent, and has an inhibitory effect on the function of the ciliated epithelium. There are no unequivocal judgments about the therapeutic effect of prednisolone in obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis in the literature. There is a negative answer to this question. At the same time, the beneficial effect of corticosteroids on pulmonary mechanics in bronchiolitis was noted.

Why Perfect Tests May Not Be Worth Waiting For: Information as a Commodity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Drakopoulos ◽  
R. S. Randhawa
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Heterogeneous Agents ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Medical Testing ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Limited Supply

Information products provide agents with additional information that can be used to update actions. In many situations, access to such products can be quite limited. For instance, in epidemics, there tends to be a limited supply of medical testing kits, or tests. These tests are information products because their output of a positive or a negative answer informs individuals and authorities on the underlying state and the appropriate course of action. In this paper, using an analytical model, we show how the accuracy of a test in detecting the underlying state affects the demand for the information product differentially across heterogeneous agents. Correspondingly, the test accuracy can serve as a rationing device to ensure that the limited supply of information products is appropriately allocated to the heterogeneous agents. When test availability is low and the social planner is unable to allocate tests in a targeted manner to the agents, we find that moderately good tests can outperform perfect tests in terms of social outcome. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.

scholarly journals El artículo 53 de la Constitución Española de 1978: esquema de la evolución y del estado de situación de sus instrumentos de reconocimiento y garantía de las libertades y derechos fundamentales (1978-2017) // Article 53 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978: outline of the evolution and the situation of their instruments for the guarantee of the Fundamental Rights (1978-2017)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Alberto Oehling de los Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Constitutional Protection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Spanish Constitution ◽  
Core Content ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Reality

Resumen:El artículo 53 de la Constitución española recoge tres cuestiones básicas: en primer lugar, determina que los derechos y libertades vinculan a todo el poder público; en segundo lugar, determina la protección constitucional y judicial de los derechos y libertades y de los derechos fundamentales; en tercer lugar, reconoce los principios rectores de la política social y económica. En este artículo se analizan estos preceptos y conceptos constitucionales, pero también se estudia su desarrollo legislativo desde 1978 y la realidad práctica hasta el día de hoy. En el artículo también se hace análisis de algunas incoherencias de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional en materias fundamentales del artículo 53 de la Constitución española de 1978. La intención es dar una visión de conjunto del artículo 53 de la Constitución desde 1978 hasta hoy.Summary:1. Introduction. 2. The structure of the practical realization of the article 53. 3. Preconditions of the legislation of the rights and freedoms and fundamental rights: 3.1 The principle of subjection and legally binding of all public authorities. 3.2 The principle of legal reserve. 3.3 The core content of the rights and freedoms. 4. The preferred procedure and ordinary summary of the article 53: 4.1 Outline of evolution and situation of the preferred procedure and summary inthe jurisdictional divisions. 4.2 About the protection of fundamental rights with procedural nature. 5. The remedy of amparo in the context of the article 53.2. 6. Approximation to the practical sense of the principles recognized in Chapter III Title I.Abstract:The article 53 of the Spanish Constitution specifies three basic issues: First, determines that the rights and liberties link all the public authorities; Secondly, determines the judicial and constitutional protection of the rights and freedoms and fundamental rights in Spain; Thirdly, recognizes the guiding principles of the social and economic policy. In this article are analysed these constitutional provisions and concepts, but also is studied their legislative development since 1978 and the practical reality until the present day. In the article are also analysed some inconsistencies in the jurisprudence of the SpanishConstitutional Court on fundamental issues about the article 53 of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. The intention is to give an overview of the article 53 of the Constitution from 1978 until today.

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