Representationalism and Panpsychism

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-99
Author(s):  
Michael Tye
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
Hybrid View

A solution is offered to the paradox presented in Chapter 1. This solution requires us to embrace a qualified form of panpsychism for consciousness, or rather for a key element of consciousness I call “consciousness*”. Consciousness, I claim, is inherently representational and did indeed evolve. This is not true for consciousness*. Three problems are discussed for the hybrid view I develop: the problem of undirected consciousness; the problem of combination; and the problem of tiny psychological subjects. Solutions are offered for each of these problems. The final section of the chapter takes up the question of the causal efficacy of consciousness.

Augustine’s Use of Rhetorical Economy in His Scriptural Hermeneutic

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Brian Gronewoller
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Distinct Unit

Chapters 1–2 form a distinct unit (Part I), establishing several foundations for the arguments in the remaining chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on rhetorical economy, introducing the concept and previous research on Augustine’s incorporation of it into an area which intersects naturally with ideas from literary and rhetorical theory—his scriptural hermeneutic. The final section of this chapter then demonstrates that Augustine utilizes rhetorical economy in his scriptural hermeneutic as early as AD 387–8. Chapter 1 thus establishes that Augustine: (1) utilizes rhetorical economy in his work as a Christian; and (2) does this quite soon after his conversion to Christianity.

The European Reception of Livy (1469–1600)

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-38
Author(s):  
John-Mark Philo
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Literary Fame ◽  
Critical Order

Chapter 1 explores Livy’s early reception and translation in Renaissance Europe, examining the first, key decades in which the history reached a wider audience through its publication on the continent. The chapter first examines the literary fame enjoyed by Livy in Europe towards the end of the fifteenth century as well as the attempts of his earliest editors in print to impose some kind of critical order onto this monolithic work. The focus then moves to the first vernacular translations of Livy to have appeared in Europe, including the first renderings of the history into French and Italian. The final section considers the various translation styles at work in early-modern England and how these manifest themselves in each of the sixteenth-century translations of Livy.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-54
Author(s):  
Karen Celis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Account Giving

Chapter 1 makes a defense of representative democracy even as it acknowledges long-standing and contemporary feminist criticism and surveys the appeal of more fashionable non-representative alternatives. As part of this, the authors consider the failure of political parties to “do good by women.” Adopting a problem-based approach, they remake the case for women’s group representation, reviewing the 1990s politics-of-presence literature in light of criticism based on women’s ideological and intersectional differences. Instead of regarding this as undermining the possibility of women’s group representation, the authors hold that these differences should become central to its successful realization. A second observation is the tendency of gender and politics scholars to disaggregate the concept of representation. Eschewing this approach, they instead hold that political representation is better understood as indivisible: a mélange of its many, overlapping, and connected dimensions. The final section of Chapter 1 introduces the structure and component parts of the book’s argument, introducing the reader to the “affected representatives of women,” and the authors’ twin augmentations, group advocacy and account giving.

Industrial Education and Symbolic Home Building in the Congo Free State, 1898–1907

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-46
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
Fisk University ◽  
Home Building ◽  
Classical Training ◽  
Congo Free State ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Black Missionaries

Chapter 1 explains trends in the African American Protestant missions movement up to 1907 with a focus on William Henry Sheppard and the black staff of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission. The literary and musical accomplishments of Althea Brown are introduced in the context of her classical training at Fisk University. The role that Alonzo Edmiston played in developing industrial education at the Congo Mission is introduced through his childhood working on a Tennessee plantation and his education at Stillman Institute. The final section explains how both ministers applied their academic backgrounds and the lessons of previous black missionaries to rebuilding a mission station despite political turmoil in the region.

The Animal, What a Word!

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-35
Author(s):  
Eva Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Negative View ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Human Animal

In chapter 1, the author investigates the relation between language and anthropocentrism. By discussing the relation between human language and non-human animal exclusion, she argues that, in order to adequately address anthropocentrism, we need to redefine language in and through interaction with non-human animals. The first section of this chapter criticizes an anthropocentric view of language, reason, and animals. The author discusses the connection between the concepts “language” and “animal” in part of the Western philosophical tradition, using the work of René Descartes and Martin Heidegger as examples. We find an alternative approach in the work of Jacques Derrida, which is discussed in the second part of the chapter, and which complicates stereotypical views about “the animal” and critically examines the image of the human that is connected to it. His critique is valuable, but he provides only a negative view of non-human animals, language, and human-animal relations. In the final section, the author argues that this is unfortunate: in order to adequately address anthropocentrism, we need to redefine these concepts in and through interaction with non-human animals.

The Treatment Manual

2016 ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
R. Peter Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Treatment Manual ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Psychoanalytic Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Orientation ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Therapy Treatment

The Brief Psychoanalytic Therapy Treatment Manual is presented. This summarizes the rationale and principles of treatment—in part, distilling and organizing themes that had been introduced in Chapter 1—and then devotes attention to characterizing a particular style of attending to and interpreting the transference. In a final section of the chapter, the very beginning of the assessment consultation from Chapter 3 is revisited, in order to review how the therapeutic orientation and techniques described in the Manual can be identified in clinical material. In a manner that will be developed in subsequent chapters, therefore, principles are exemplified in clinical practice.

Preliminaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Stefano Predelli
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Empty Names ◽  
Singular Terms

Chapter 1 puts forth some preliminary considerations about our actual (that is, not fictional) use of language. In particular, it motivates the relevance of singular terms for the Radical Fictionalist approach to fiction, it sketches a picture of the semantics of proper names, and it discusses the ideas of empty names and gappy propositions. This chapter also explains some of the terminology employed in what follows, in particular the distinction between fully-fledged expressions (such as proper names) and expression-types (such as mere name-types). The final section focuses on the contentful effects achieved by the use of language and introduces the idea of impartation, one of the central concepts in the Radical Fictionalist approach to fiction.

Quick Reference: Chapter 1: The Musculoskeletal System: The Hand and Upper Extremity

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Illness Behavior ◽  
Abnormal Illness Behavior ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation (SCS) and intraspinal opioids (ISO) are treatments for patients in whom abnormal illness behavior is absent but who have an objective basis for severe, persistent pain that has not been adequately relieved by other interventions. Usually, physicians prescribe these treatments in cancer pain or noncancer-related neuropathic pain settings. A survey of academic centers showed that 87% of responding centers use SCS and 84% use ISO. These treatments are performed frequently in nonacademic settings, so evaluators likely will encounter patients who were treated with SCS and ISO. Does SCS or ISO change the impairment associated with the underlying conditions for which these treatments are performed? Although the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) does not specifically address this question, the answer follows directly from the principles on which the AMA Guides impairment rating methodology is based. Specifically, “the impairment percents shown in the chapters that consider the various organ systems make allowance for the pain that may accompany the impairing condition.” Thus, impairment is neither increased due to persistent pain nor is it decreased in the absence of pain. In summary, in the absence of complications, the evaluator should rate the underlying pathology or injury without making an adjustment in the impairment for SCS or ISO.

Fifth Edition: the New Standard

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
James B. Talmage ◽  
Leon H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Single Set

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fifth Edition, is available and includes numerous changes that will affect both evaluators who and systems that use the AMA Guides. The Fifth Edition is nearly twice the size of its predecessor (613 pages vs 339 pages) and contains three additional chapters (the musculoskeletal system now is split into three chapters and the cardiovascular system into two). Table 1 shows how chapters in the Fifth Edition were reorganized from the Fourth Edition. In addition, each of the chapters is presented in a consistent format, as shown in Table 2. This article and subsequent issues of The Guides Newsletter will examine these changes, and the present discussion focuses on major revisions, particularly those in the first two chapters. (See Table 3 for a summary of the revisions to the musculoskeletal and pain chapters.) Chapter 1, Philosophy, Purpose, and Appropriate Use of the AMA Guides, emphasizes objective assessment necessitating a medical evaluation. Most impairment percentages in the Fifth Edition are unchanged from the Fourth because the majority of ratings currently are accepted, there is limited scientific data to support changes, and ratings should not be changed arbitrarily. Chapter 2, Practical Application of the AMA Guides, describes how to use the AMA Guides for consistent and reliable acquisition, analysis, communication, and utilization of medical information through a single set of standards.

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