Preliminaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Stefano Predelli
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Empty Names ◽  
Singular Terms

Chapter 1 puts forth some preliminary considerations about our actual (that is, not fictional) use of language. In particular, it motivates the relevance of singular terms for the Radical Fictionalist approach to fiction, it sketches a picture of the semantics of proper names, and it discusses the ideas of empty names and gappy propositions. This chapter also explains some of the terminology employed in what follows, in particular the distinction between fully-fledged expressions (such as proper names) and expression-types (such as mere name-types). The final section focuses on the contentful effects achieved by the use of language and introduces the idea of impartation, one of the central concepts in the Radical Fictionalist approach to fiction.

Singular Terms, Identity, and the Creation of Fictional Characters

Disputatio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (54) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Matthieu Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Abstract Artifacts

Abstract How to interpret singular terms in fiction? In this paper, we address this semantic question from the perspective of the Artifactual Theory of Fiction (ATF). According to the ATF, fictional characters exist as abstract artifacts created by their author, and preserved through the existence of copies of an original work and a competent readership. We pretend that a well-suited semantics for the ATF can be defined with respect to a modal framework by means of Hintikka’s world lines semantics. The question of the interpretation of proper names is asked in relation to two inference rules, problematic when applied in intensional contexts: the Substitution of Identicals and Existential Generalization. The former fails because identity is contingent. The latter because proper names are not necessarily linked to well-identified individuals. This motivates a non-rigid interpretation of proper names in fiction, although cross-fictional reference (e.g. to real entities) is made possible by the interpretative efforts of the reader.

Transposing Proper Names in Frank McCourt’s Memoir Angela’s Ashes from English into Maltese

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Grima
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Common People ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Conventional Meaning ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Processing Effort

This paper focuses on the transposition from English into Maltese of the various proper names encountered in Frank McCourt’s memoir Angela’s Ashes (Chapter 1). To achieve this aim, an extended practical translation exercise by the author himself is used. Eight different categories of proper names were identified in the source-text ranging from common people names to nicknames, titles and forms of address. Four different categories of cross-cultural transposition of proper names were considered, although only two were actually used. Various translation strategies were adopted ranging from non-translation to modification, depending on whether the particular proper name has a ‘conventional’ meaning or a culturally ‘loaded’ meaning. Although cultural losses were unavoidable, cultural gains were also experienced. Wherever possible, the original proper names were preserved to avoid any change in meaning and interference in their functionality as cultural markers. Moreover, a semantic creative translation was preferred, especially with proper names that were culturally and semantically loaded to reduce the amount of processing effort required by the target-reader and to minimize the cultural losses of relevant contextual and cultural implications in the target-text.

The legend is born: early Greek, Latin, and insular versions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dresvina
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
Katherine Group ◽  
Old English Martyrology

Chapter 1 is dedicated to the early distribution of the relics of St Margaret/Marina, the early versions of her passio (Greek, Latin, and Old English), and their interrelations. It also discusses the proper names and the place names found in her legend: of Margaret/Marina herself and its conflation with Pelagia, of her father Theodosius, the evil prefect Olibrius, her executioner Malchus, a matron Sinclitica, the supposed author Theotimus, the dragon Rufus, and of Pisidian Antioch. It then examines the three extant Old English versions of St Margaret’s life from the ninth to the early twelfth century: the Old English Martyrology, the Cotton Tiberius version, and the Corpus Christi life. The chapter proceeds with a discussion of the Anglo-Norman poem about the saint by Wace, an overview of Margaret’s early cult in England, and concludes with a study of the life of St Margaret from the Katherine Group.

Augustine’s Use of Rhetorical Economy in His Scriptural Hermeneutic

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Brian Gronewoller
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Distinct Unit

Chapters 1–2 form a distinct unit (Part I), establishing several foundations for the arguments in the remaining chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on rhetorical economy, introducing the concept and previous research on Augustine’s incorporation of it into an area which intersects naturally with ideas from literary and rhetorical theory—his scriptural hermeneutic. The final section of this chapter then demonstrates that Augustine utilizes rhetorical economy in his scriptural hermeneutic as early as AD 387–8. Chapter 1 thus establishes that Augustine: (1) utilizes rhetorical economy in his work as a Christian; and (2) does this quite soon after his conversion to Christianity.

scholarly journals NOT-AT-ISSUE CONTENT IN THE REFLEXIVE-REFERENTIAL THEORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (148) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Eduarda Calado Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Utterance Interpretation ◽  
Issue Content ◽  
John Perry

ABSTRACT The Reflexive-Referential Theory is a multi-content approach to utterance interpretation. Its main proponent, John Perry, assumes that utterances of sentences with singular terms express several contents, depending on how their utterers and interpreters harness information from the situations in which they are produced. However, the theory says little to nothing about implied content, like presuppositions. Here, I discuss the possibility of including presuppositions, defined in terms of the concept of not-at-issue content, in this view. I begin with a brief characterization of the Reflexive-Referential theory in what regards its theoretical motivations and main thesis, followed by a study case of presuppositional not-at-issue content associated to a specific class of singular terms, proper names. To conclude, I ponder over a few consequences of this overall project of theoretical expansion.

scholarly journals Proposta de definição interdisciplinar de nome próprio

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-94
Author(s):  
Márcia Sipavicius Seide
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Relevance Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Ideal

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de definição interdisciplinar do conceito de nome próprio elaborada com base na Onomástica Cognitiva (SJÖBLOM, 2010), na Teoria da Relevância (SPERBER  WILSON ,2001 [1995],  SEIDE SCHULTZ, 2014), na Neurolinguística (VAN LANGENDONCK, 2007), e no conhecimento onomástico do falante ideal (SEIDE, 2021). Na primeira seção deste artigo, descrevem-se o objeto de estudo da Onomástica e as características da subárea da Onomástica em que se insere a pesquisa. Na segunda, são retomadas considerações a respeito dos nomes próprios feitas para sua definição como endereço conceitual. Na terceira seção, apresentam-se as descobertas neurolinguísticas e a descrição do conhecimento onomástico do falante ideal, as quais são integradas resultando na redefinição de nome próprio descrita ao final da terceira seção. Na quarta e última seção do artigo, são descritas algumas implicações dessa redefinição para os estudos onomásticos.  Proposal of interdisciplinary definition of proper nameAbstract: This article makes a proposal of interdisciplinary definition of the concept of proper name based on Cognitive Onomastics (SJÖBLOM, 2010), Theory of Relevance (SPERBER WILSON, 2001 [1995], SEIDE SCHULTZ, 2014, Neurolinguistics (VAN LANGENDONCK, 2007) and the onomastic knowledge of the ideal speaker (SEIDE, 2021). In the first section of this article, the object of study of Onomastics and the characteristics of the onomastic subarea in which the research is included are described. In the second, considerations about proper made by Sperber and Wilson (2001 [1995]) are integrated to the definition of proper names as a conceptual address. In the third section, the neurolinguistic discoveries and the description of the onomastic knowledge of the ideal speaker are presented and integrated and the proper name redefinition is described. In the fourth and final section of the article, some implications of this redefinition for onomastics studies are described.Keywords: Proper name, Cognitive Onomastics, Relevance Theory, Neurolinguistics. Onomastic Knowledge of   Ideal Speaker. 

The European Reception of Livy (1469–1600)

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-38
Author(s):  
John-Mark Philo
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Literary Fame ◽  
Critical Order

Chapter 1 explores Livy’s early reception and translation in Renaissance Europe, examining the first, key decades in which the history reached a wider audience through its publication on the continent. The chapter first examines the literary fame enjoyed by Livy in Europe towards the end of the fifteenth century as well as the attempts of his earliest editors in print to impose some kind of critical order onto this monolithic work. The focus then moves to the first vernacular translations of Livy to have appeared in Europe, including the first renderings of the history into French and Italian. The final section considers the various translation styles at work in early-modern England and how these manifest themselves in each of the sixteenth-century translations of Livy.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-54
Author(s):  
Karen Celis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Group Representation ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Feminist Criticism ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Account Giving

Chapter 1 makes a defense of representative democracy even as it acknowledges long-standing and contemporary feminist criticism and surveys the appeal of more fashionable non-representative alternatives. As part of this, the authors consider the failure of political parties to “do good by women.” Adopting a problem-based approach, they remake the case for women’s group representation, reviewing the 1990s politics-of-presence literature in light of criticism based on women’s ideological and intersectional differences. Instead of regarding this as undermining the possibility of women’s group representation, the authors hold that these differences should become central to its successful realization. A second observation is the tendency of gender and politics scholars to disaggregate the concept of representation. Eschewing this approach, they instead hold that political representation is better understood as indivisible: a mélange of its many, overlapping, and connected dimensions. The final section of Chapter 1 introduces the structure and component parts of the book’s argument, introducing the reader to the “affected representatives of women,” and the authors’ twin augmentations, group advocacy and account giving.

Industrial Education and Symbolic Home Building in the Congo Free State, 1898–1907

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-46
Author(s):  
Kimberly D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Industrial Education ◽  
Fisk University ◽  
Home Building ◽  
Classical Training ◽  
Congo Free State ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Black Missionaries

Chapter 1 explains trends in the African American Protestant missions movement up to 1907 with a focus on William Henry Sheppard and the black staff of the American Presbyterian Congo Mission. The literary and musical accomplishments of Althea Brown are introduced in the context of her classical training at Fisk University. The role that Alonzo Edmiston played in developing industrial education at the Congo Mission is introduced through his childhood working on a Tennessee plantation and his education at Stillman Institute. The final section explains how both ministers applied their academic backgrounds and the lessons of previous black missionaries to rebuilding a mission station despite political turmoil in the region.

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