Learning from a Frozen Ocean: The Changing Face of Antarctic Ocean Ecology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh W. Ducklow
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The temporal perspective provided by the Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program places individual, limited, short-term observations and experiments in a valuable context. Proper interpretation of short-term results may be incomplete without a longer-term perspective. This often makes me skeptical of individual studies. The remote location and harsh environment of Antarctica place special demands and constraints on research, collaboration, and education. Meeting these challenges is one of the most exhilarating aspects of our LTER project. Keeping the proper balance between maintaining continuity of observations and keeping the research program new and innovative is another key challenge for research in the LTER program. But rather than constraining them, the ongoing nature of the LTER program facilitates and enhances creative observations and innovation. In 2001, I joined the LTER network as lead principal investigator for the Palmer LTER project (PAL), one of two pelagic marine sites in the LTER network. That was my first formal exposure to the LTER program, about midway through my scientific career. After majoring in the history of science in college, I received my PhD in environmental engineering from Harvard in 1977. I was originally trained as an environmental microbiologist and gradually evolved into a biological oceanographer and ocean biogeochemist. Prior to joining PAL, I worked in other large, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary ocean science programs. In addition to leading PAL, I study the roles of ocean microbes in the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements in the ice-influenced ocean surrounding Antarctica. As a principal investigator, I participate in planning and guiding the LTER network. Network participation has significantly broadened my perspective on my own personal scientific work. This participation has been one of my more interesting and fulfilling experiences as a scientist. Over the past 20 years, research has shown that the western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most rapidly warming regions on earth, and we are gradually beginning to understand how the ecosystem is responding to this unprecedented rate of change. Joining PAL changed my life. (Actually, going to Antarctica for the first time changed my life, but the LTER program gave me the opportunity to go there every year.)

Andrey Krasnov’s contribution into development of comparative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
M. Davydiuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Science Content ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Original Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

The paper is devoted to the outstanding native botanist-geographer Andrey Nikolayevich Krasnov (1862-1914), who, with his original works, left a remarkable track in the history of geographic science. He has done a lot for the development of geography. Geospatial comparative-geographic research occupied a special place in the many-sided scientific work of the outstanding educator and geographer. Andrey Krasnov conducted them in the homeland and in different places of the globe. The purpose of this study is to highlight multi-component comparative-geographical developments, which are widely represented in Andrey Krasnov’s works. Elements of comparative analysis and comparative approach as a whole in these publications focus on itself all the richness of research work and constructive nature use results of the scientist, relevant up to now. Andrey Krasnov substantially enriched the comparative approach with the techniques of geographical comparative method with regard to research of the comparable geospatial objects of nature, and also considerably strengthened the approach by methods of paleogeographical, genetic, morphological, geomorphological, evolutionary, landscape-science content. Andrey Krasnov’s original geomorphological hypothesis of steppes forestlessness was developed by comparative study of steppe nature in different parts of the world. Using comparative approach Andrey Krasnov came to the conclusion that it is possible to create "Japan" in Colchis and grow tea there. The co-creation of man with nature realized by him (in the case of the introduction of tropical plants in analogical environment) was carried out on the basis of comparative-geographical approach. In that co-creation the future of constructive geography was guessed. Andrey Krasnov advanced and worked out the idea of "geographic combinations" – landscapes as the main objects of study of geographical science. This idea preceded the science of geographic landscapes and their regionalization, as well as the distinguishing of landscapes-analogues in different regions and zones of the Earth. Andrey Krasnov for the first time in the national literature has outlined the landscape regions and zones (strips) for the territory of the entire globe. In the scientific work of Andrey Krasnov the scientist and artist were harmoniously combined. His works are an example of combination of high scholarship with artistic presentation. He significantly developed the research capabilities of comparative approach and expanded the horizons of its effectiveness, including the teaching and educational field.

scholarly journals The Cossacks Chronicles of Eyewitness, H. Hrabianka’s and S. Velychko’s in studies in Soviet historiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Tetiana Voitsekhovska
Keyword(s):  
Class Struggle ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
General Context ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Marxist Ideology ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The purpose of the article is to analyze the Cossack chronicles of Samovydets, H. Hrabianka’s, and S. Velychko’s in historical research during 1917–1991. Research methods: comparative, system-structural, historical-typological, historical-genetiс. The problem of studying Ukrainian chronicles of the XVI–XVIII centuries of the Soviet historiography has been studied relatively little. In most cases, the chronicles of military chancellerists are considered in the general context of study of the chronicles, and the chronology of historiographic reviews is limited to the mid-1960s. Main results. The article deals with the works of Soviet researchers who studied the phenomenon of Cossack chronicles. The main subjects for the studies on the literature of the Chancellery are revealed, in particular: dating, place of creation and identity of the authors of the texts; the factual accuracy of the messages, the features of the source base used by the Chancellerists, the study of the lists and editions of the chronicles and their comparison among themselves, as well as the peculiarities of the authors’ outlook, their assessment of historical events and figures. The peculiarities of the studies of Soviet scholars under the influence of Marxist ideology are investigated. In a number of cases, researchers have been forced not to touch political and ideological aspects that contradicted official dogmas and interpret historical events in the discourse of class struggle. However, some of the workings of Soviet historians are still relevant today, including the study of the lists and editions of the Cossack chronicles and the features of their source base. Practical meaning: recommended for use in historiography studies and history of Ukraine. Originality. Generalized scientific work of Soviet scholars on the literature of Chancellerist. Scientific novelty. For the first time the works of scientists of 1917–1991 were systematized, in which the Cossack chronicles of Samovydets, G. Hrabianka and S. Velichko were studied. Type of the article: descriptive.

R/V “VITYAZ” – FLAGMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC FLEET OF THE GOLDEN AGE OF SOVIET OCEAN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-105
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the first research vessel “Vityaz” of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS, until 1991 – IO of the USSR Academy of Sciences). The history of the vessel is briefly told, information about “Vityaz” cruises is selectively given, photographs stored in the Museum of the History of IO RAS and documents from the personal archives of IO RAS employees participating in “Vityaz” cruises are given. Some of the photos and documents are published for the first time.

scholarly journals Works of fiction within social realism: experience of «double» life and «double» speech. Review of T. Sharova’s monograph «An author and text in social realism system: the nature of aesthetic conformism and the poetics of artistic compromise (based on the material of K. Gordienko’s works)» (Melitopol, 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 96-98
Author(s):  
Svitlana Zhurba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Fiction Writing ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Adaptation Practices ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The critical research is aimed to review T. Sharova’s monograph «An author and text in social realism system: the nature of aesthetic conformism and the poetics of artistic compromise (based on the material of K. Gordienko’s works)». The attention is paid to the relevance of the book, defined in three aspects. First, the researcher shows one of the possible solutions to the important issue of aesthetic conformism and the poetics of compromise, due to socio-political and historical reasons. Secondly, a successful attempt to explore semantic inversions in the structure of «the patriarch of Ukrainian prose» K. Gordienko’s fiction text, whose work reflects the stages of artistic reorientation and the ways of «reconciliation» with reality, has been made. Third, an interesting approach to substantiation and testing of new mechanisms for the analysis of Soviet discursive practices based on a specific fiction material has been demonstrated. It is proved that sense and value of T. Sharova’s work is that the author focuses not only on historical and fiction issues, but also presents for the first time a number of theoretical issues, such as general markers of the socialist paradigm, «language of cooperation», political regulation of aesthetic norms, etc. Moreover, within the monograph, this aspect is considered both at the level of writer’s individual creative reactions and at the level of fiction writing strategies. The author of the scientific work has characterized the integral components of Ukrainian social realism and generalized the technology of formation and representation in the aesthetic conformism literature. It has been emphasized that the work of K. Gordienko, firstly, illustrates clearly the role of the artist in totalitarian conditions; secondly, it reflects the tragic result of balancing the ethical and aesthetic principles with the imposed Soviet «from above» style; thirdly, it reveals the adaptation practices of the author-creator, sheds light on the logic of both forced and voluntary conformism. In conclusion, T. Sharova’s monograph from a theoretical standpoint as well as historical and literary points of view makes a significant contribution to the study of the history of the twentieth century’s Ukrainian literature. In particular, a complex and ambiguous layer of social realistic literature has been studied.

scholarly journals From the history of the creation of the Department of Psychiatry of the Dagestan Medical Institute (1936–1941)

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
S. B. Manyshev ◽  
K. B. Manysheva
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Psychiatric Department ◽  
Medical University ◽  
First Time

The work is devoted to the history of the establishment of the Department of Psychiatry of the Dagestan Medical Institute. In the article, based on the first time archival materials introduced into the scientific circulation from the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan and the archive of the Dagestan State Medical University, the organization of the psychiatric department and the clinic is highlighted. The contribution of the first employees was noted, the difficulties encountered in the first years of the department’s existence were highlighted. Also reviewed is the scientific work of the Department of Psychiatry of the Dagestan Medical University in the late 1930s.

THE COMMON WORLD: HISTORIES OF SCIENCE AND DOMESTIC INTIMACY

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBORAH R. COEN
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Private Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Transformative Experiences ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
First Time ◽  
At Home

Let us begin by considering a series of letters written in 1863 by Max Vigne, a humble imperial surveyor in India, to his wife at home in England. In the course of his affectionate and finely observed correspondence, Vigne comes to think of himself for the first time as a naturalist. He recounts his growing fascination with botany, particularly the new field of plant geography, and he expresses a keen desire to share this new knowledge—and his newfound identity—with his faraway wife, Clara.Everything I am seeing and doing is sonew. . . When I lie down to sleep everything spins in my brain. I can only make sense of my life the way I have made sense of everything, since we first met: by describing it to you. That great gift you have always had oflistening, asking such excellent questions—when I tell you enough to let you imagine me clearly, then I can imagine myself.In these lines Vigne is proposing what might strike us at first as a surprising connection between scientific observation and private life. He seems to derive his standard of clear description—the backbone of his scientific work as a naturalist—not from professional norms or philosophical reflections, but rather from an ideal of intimacy. In subsequent letters Vigne makes clear that his study of the geographical relations among plants is part of a more personal quest for knowledge: an attempt to make sense of the persistence of his own identity during his transformative experiences of travel. “Only now do I begin to grasp the principles of growth and change in the plants I learned to name in the woods, those we have grown at home—there is ascienceto this. Something that transcends mere identification.” He likens the plant's essential and enduring form to the bond he shares with Clara:The point, dear heart, is that through all these transformations one can still discern the original morphology; the original character is altered yet not lost. In our separation our lives are changing, our bond to each other is changing. Yet still we are essentially the same.These letters never reached Vigne's wife, because neither he, nor Clara, nor the letters themselves ever really existed. They are fictions, penned not by a nineteenth-century naturalist but by the twenty-first-century novelist, Andrea Barrett. Why begin a historiographical essay with fiction? In part because in very few cases have historians yet gone to the trouble of reconstructing such profound resonances between familial and scientific experiences. As historians, we are not yet sure how to read domestic documents as sources for the history of knowledge production. “Flimsy lists of things to do, large parchment mortgages, ‘private letters of no consequence’”—these are among the historical documents that we need to learn to read for their clues to intellectual history.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

A Confrontation between Two Doctrines: The Birth of Struggle for Hegemony in Hebrew Children's Literature during the 1930s and 1940s

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAEL DARR
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Literary Quality

This article describes a crucial and fundamental stage in the transformation of Hebrew children's literature, during the late 1930s and 1940s, from a single channel of expression to a multi-layered polyphony of models and voices. It claims that for the first time in the history of Hebrew children's literature there took place a doctrinal confrontation between two groups of taste-makers. The article outlines the pedagogical and ideological designs of traditionalist Zionist educators, and suggests how these were challenged by a group of prominent writers of adult poetry, members of the Modernist movement. These writers, it is argued, advocated autonomous literary creation, and insisted on a high level of literary quality. Their intervention not only dramatically changed the repertoire of Hebrew children's literature, but also the rules of literary discourse. The article suggests that, through the Modernists’ polemical efforts, Hebrew children's literature was able to free itself from its position as an apparatus controlled by the political-educational system and to become a dynamic and multi-layered field.

Digging the history. Absolute chronology of the settlement complex at Czermno-Cherven’ (eastern Poland). Research status and perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzieńkowski ◽  
Marcin Wołoszyn ◽  
Iwona Florkiewicz ◽  
Radosław Dobrowolski ◽  
Jan Rodzik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Research Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Radiocarbon Datings

The article discusses the results of the latest interdisciplinary research of Czermno stronghold and its immediate surroundings. The site is mentioned in chroniclers’ entries referring to the stronghold Cherven’ (Tale of Bygone Years, first mention under the year 981) and the so-called Cherven’ Towns. Given the scarcity of written records regarding the history of today’s Eastern Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus in the 10th and 11th centuries, recent archaeological research, supported by geoenvironmental analyses and absolute dating, brought a significant qualitative change. In 2014 and 2015, the remains of the oldest rampart of the stronghold were uncovered for the first time. A series of radiocarbon datings allows us to refer the erection of the stronghold to the second half/late 10th century. The results of several years’ interdisciplinary research (2012-2020) introduce qualitatively new data to the issue of the Cherven’ Towns, which both change current considerations and confirm the extraordinary research potential in the archeology of the discussed region.

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

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