Models of Strongly Interacting Quantum Matter
This chapter introduces a select number of models of strongly interacting quantum many-particle physics and examines their basic properties. These models represent Bosonic and Fermionic systems as well as systems where magnetic moments, i.e. spins, interact. The main selection criterion has been the existence of a variant of the model that is quantum integrable using Bethe ansatz methods. After studying the Bose fluid, the Landau Fermi liquid, and the one-dimensional concept of the Luttinger liquid, it reviews some of the major models of condensed matter theory, including the Hubbard model describing itinerant magnetism, the Heisenberg model describing localized magnetism, and the Kondo model describing the interaction of a magnetic impurity and band electrons. It also presents the Rabi model and some of its descendants in order to describe the interaction of light and quantum matter in quantum optics.