The Cultural Psychology of Globalization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Filial Obligations ◽  
Multiple Meanings

In this chapter, an interdisciplinary lens is used to examine the contested and multiple meanings, references, and definitions of globalization that vary across the different disciplines of political science, geography, cultural studies, economics, and sociology. It is argued that the lives of Indian youth comprise an important story of our time—a story that remains largely invisible and neglected in psychology. There are huge swathes of Indian urban youth who are experiencing conflicting meanings about their gender roles, marriage, sexual practices, filial obligations, household responsibilities, and child care duties. This chapter shows how contemporary forms of globalization practices, structures, and discourses occur through neoliberalism and the ways in which new urban spaces and identities are being reconfigured. It specifically examines how global and transnational Indianness is constructed in the semiotics and spaces of urban malls and through Indo-German cultural exchange programs.

‘Relationships Based on Love and Relationships Based on Needs’: Emerging Trends in Youth Sex Culture in Contemporary Urban Vietnam

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHUONG AN NGUYEN
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
Sexual Culture ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Emerging Trends

This paper addresses one of the important dimensions of the experience of youth in contemporary urban Vietnam; that is their sexual practices, behaviour and attitudes. Within a conceptual framework that focuses on sexuality and social change in a modernising and increasingly open society, and based on data collected from ethnographic fieldwork in Hanoi from 1999 to 2004, this paper describes an emerging sexual culture among urban youth. It highlights the emerging trends, issues, and activities which constitute youth sex culture in present-day urban Vietnam. It further argues that the emerging trends in youth sexual culture are reflective of rapid and diverse changes in Vietnamese society as well as the impacts of market reforms on its moral codes, values, and perceptions. There has been a continuation of the ‘traditional’ perceptions of gender roles (particularly the expectation of women to uphold propriety and chastity) and, at the same time, a recognition of the increasingly assertive role of young women in ‘modern’ sexuality and hence of increasing gender equality in this regard. Meanwhile, young Vietnamese nowadays form heterosexual relationships based on both the grammar of love and the grammar of the market.

Ballet in the Cold War

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Searcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performing Artists ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War

During the Cold War, the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union developed cultural exchange programs, in which they sent performing artists abroad in order to generate goodwill for their countries. Ballet companies were frequently called on to serve in these programs, particularly in the direct Soviet-American exchange. This book analyzes four of the early ballet exchange tours, demonstrating how this series of encounters changed both geopolitical relations and the history of dance. The ballet tours were enormously popular. Performances functioned as an important symbolic meeting point for Soviet and American officials, creating goodwill and normalizing relations between the two countries in an era when nuclear conflict was a real threat. At the same time, Soviet and American audiences did not understand ballet in the same way. As American companies toured in the Soviet Union and vice versa, audiences saw the performances through the lens of their own local aesthetics. Ballet in the Cold War introduces the concept of transliteration to understand this process, showing how much power viewers wielded in the exchange and explaining how the dynamics of the Cold War continue to shape ballet today.

scholarly journals Post-terrorism image recovery of tourist destination: a qualitative approach using Fuzzy-VIKOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousaf Ali ◽  
Zainab Ahmed Shah ◽  
Amin Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Image Recovery ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Fuzzy Vikor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vikor Technique

Purpose This study aims to cover issues regarding traveling to a tourist destination which has seen war and terrorism. These problems can be addressed altogether, as they are interrelated. Based on tourists’ opinions, this paper aims to focus on measures or steps that can be taken to ensure changing their perceptions about a certain destination. Design/methodology/approach This study targets tourism experts for their opinions regarding the measures most necessary to change the perceptions of tourists. Their opinions were extracted through a questionnaire based on three criteria with four alternatives. Furthermore, raw data extracted are studied using the Fuzzy-VIKOR technique to rank the alternatives in order of importance. Moreover, the questionnaire also aims to know the perception of participants by asking them what would make them trust a destination with a history of terrorism. Findings The problems captivate the attention of government, guiding them to ensure that they need to focus more on physical security of tourists if they expect tourism industry to thrive. It was found that the steps needed to be taken are in the areas of international trade, cultural exchange programs and social media advertising. Originality/value Research based on improving tourist perception of Pakistan to develop Pakistan as a tourist destination is scarce. The study takes four different alternatives into account for image recovery and based on those alternatives, it provides a unique solution to the government in this regard with the necessary steps they need to take and attempts to help the government ensure tourism expansion in the country.

Operating in a Zone of Ambiguity: Tensions and Risks

Build ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Mark Katz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Collaborative Interactions ◽  
The Asymmetry

This chapter explores the central tensions that animate hip hop diplomacy. One tension is between art and diplomacy, particularly in their distinctive approaches to process and views on outcomes. A second tensions arises because of the asymmetry of power between the United States and the countries that hip hop diplomacy programs visit. This chapter posits that hip hop diplomacy (and cultural diplomacy in general) operates in a zone of ambiguity, a state in which palpable, inescapable tensions and uncertainties hang over one’s every action. Specific examples come from hip hop diplomacy initiatives in El Salvador, India, Morocco, Senegal, and Zimbabwe. The chapter ends by offering guidelines for respectful, collaborative interactions in cultural diplomacy and cultural exchange programs.

scholarly journals Women’s Pleasure Online? A Contrasting Analysis of One Japanese Mainstream and One Women’s Pornographic Film from the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
Katharina Helm
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Pornographic Film ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper introduces the results of a two-stage analysis of one Japanese mainstream and one women’s pornographic film from the Internet, asking whether any differences between the gender representations of both sexes can be observed, and whether these differences correspond to the films’ Western counterparts. In the first stage, the films are being analysed regarding their correspondence to characteristics of mainstream pornography and, respectively, criteria of women’s pornography, which were developed through Western feminists’ debates. The detailed case studies of the two films that were selected as examples deal with their general and sexual contents, aesthetic elements, dialogues, and the appearance of the characters. In the second stage, the gender roles are being examined. The analysis firstly confirms that both films correspond to their Western counterparts and that they contain substantial differences concerning contents, aesthetic elements, dialogues, and the quality of the displayed relationship of the characters. Secondly, the paper shows that the gender representations in the mainstream pornographic film stick to conventional gender roles related to this genre, with an emphasis on male-centered sexual practices, which are linked to the female body’s objectification. By contrast, the women’s pornographic film features-besides female-friendly sexual practices-non-sexual aspects of the relationship between the characters and introduces an alternative male role model.

scholarly journals How Jordanian Students Learn about Americans? A Case Study at Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
Irene Gibson ◽  
Mohammed S. Banihani
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
American Music ◽  
Positive Opinion ◽  
Exchange Programs ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Average Confidence ◽  
Yarmouk University ◽  
University Participation ◽  
The U.S

This study investigated how educational programs affect Jordanian students‟ perceptions of Americans. Students were from Yarmouk University in Jordan. The focus was twofold: first, to document opinions about Americans and American-related topics. Second, to determine if various educational programs relating to Americans impact opinions about Americans. The focus of the study compared students involved in cultural exchange programs to students not involved in exchange programs. This study was based on a questionnaire distributed to a purposeful sample of undergraduate and graduate students at Yarmouk University. Participation in a cultural exchange program was found to not have a significant effect on opinion of Americans. Program participants reported a greater proportion of “very positive” opinions of Americans, and did not hold “very negative” opinions of Americans, but these differences were not statistically significant. When comparing average opinions on Americans and related questions, exchange participants reported on average more positive opinions in cultural categories, but more negative opinions in governmental categories. The average confidence in knowledge about Americans was higher in exchange participants than the confidence of non-participants. Having a more positive opinion of the U.S., American ideas about democracy, American music, movies, and television, and desire to travel to the U.S. all were significantly associated with a more positive opinion about Americans.

scholarly journals Telefantasy Tower Blocks: Space, Place and Social Realism Shake-ups in Misfits

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Woods
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
The Real ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Housing Estates

This article considers the ways in which British youth telefantasy Misfits (E4, 2009–13) takes up and makes strange urban spaces familiar from social-realist narratives. Filmed on the sprawling East London estate, Thamesmead, the programme chronicles a group of young offenders who are given powers by a freak storm, turning them into ‘ASBO superheroes’. Misfits depends on its British urban landscapes for the assertion of its ‘authenticity’ within British youth television, using spaces and landscapes familiar from urban youth exploitation cinema and television's narratives of the underclass. After situating the series within existing cultural discourses and recent developments in social-realist representations, the article explores how Misfits disrupts what have become signifiers for the ‘real’ – the brutalism of housing estates, the grey of the concrete and sky – by making them strange, turning them into telefantasy. The series presents the estate as an uncanny place: the domestic, social-realist world shifted into a fantastical space by the storm. Through close analysis, this article explores how the familiar spaces become skewed and unsettling to match our protagonists' isolation, shifting bodies and scrambled sense of self.

Same-Sex Love among Early American Women

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Hope Cleves
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexual Intimacy ◽  
Early America ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
American Women ◽  
Early American ◽  
Romantic Friendship ◽  
Sexual Encounters

The task of recovering the history of same-sex love among early American women faces daunting challenges of definition and sources. Modern conceptions of same-sex sexuality did not exist in early America, but alternative frameworks did. Many indigenous nations had social roles for female-bodied individuals who lived as men, performed male work, and acquired wives. Early Christian settlers viewed sexual encounters between women as sodomy, but also valued loving dyadic bonds between religious women. Primary sources indicate that same-sex sexual practices existed within western and southern African societies exploited by the slave trade, but little more is known. The word “lesbian” has been used to signify erotics between women since roughly the 10th century, but historians must look to women who led lesbian-like lives in early America rather than to women who self-identified as lesbians. Stories of female husbands who passed as men and married other women were popular in the 18th century. Tales of passing women who served in the military, in the navy, and as pirates also amused audiences and raised the spectre of same-sex sexuality. Some female religious leaders trespassed conventional gender roles and challenged the marital sexual order. Other women conformed to female gender roles, but constructed loving female households. 18th-century pornography depicting lesbian sexual encounters indicates that early Americans were familiar with the concept of sex between women. A few court records exist from prosecutions of early American women for engaging in lewd acts together. Far more common, by the end of the 18th century, were female-authored letters and diaries describing the culture of romantic friendship, which sometimes extended to sexual intimacy. Later in the 19th century, romantic friendship became an important ingredient in the development of lesbian culture and identity.

Decolonizing Psychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
American Psychology ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
The World ◽  
Youth Population

Decolonizing Psychology sheds light on the universalizing power and the colonizing dimensions of Euro-American psychology. The book integrates insights from postcolonial, narrative, and cultural psychology to ask how Euro-American scientific psychology becomes the standard-bearer of psychology throughout the world, whose stories get told, what knowledge is considered as legitimate, and whose lives are considered central to the future of psychology. Urban Indian youth represent one of the largest segments of the youth population across the world and yet remain so utterly invisible in the discipline of psychology. By using ethnographic and interview methods, this book draws a nuanced narrative portrait of how urban youth in Pune, India, who belong to the transnational elite, middle and working classes, reimagine their identities within the new structural and neoliberal cultural contexts of globalization and neoliberalization. The book examines how particular class identities shape youth narratives about globalization and “Indianness” generally, as well as specific stories about self and identity, social inequality, dignity, poverty, family, relationships, work, marriage, and practices of consumption. The book articulates an alternative vision of psychology in which questions of social justice and equality are seen as central to its mission, and it is argued that a psychology is needed that urgently and meaningfully speaks to the lives of the majority of the world’s population.

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