Perfume and Olfaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Flower Fragrance

This chapter explores the topic of olfaction and perfume in decadent culture by arguing that many decadent authors styled themselves as olfactifs—cultivated individuals with a refined sense of smell. They celebrated fragrance both in their personal lives and in their writings, where the odors of perfume, incense, and tobacco emerge as the dominant olfactory keynotes of decadence. The chapter opens with a discussion of smoking and notes its various olfactory meanings for both male and female decadent writers, before considering incense, perfume use, and fashion, including the positive and negative attitudes toward perfume wearing in the mid- to late Victorian era. The final section focuses on flower fragrance in an urban environment and examines poems by Arthur Symons and Laurence Binyon to tease out some of the complex relations between decadence, perfume, artifice, and nature prevalent at this time.

Gender and judging at the International Criminal Court: Lessons from ‘feminist judgment projects’

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rosemary Grey ◽  
Kcasey McLoughlin ◽  
Louise Chappell
Keyword(s):  
International Criminal Court ◽  
Final Section ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Law Making

Abstract To date, analyses of gender justice at the International Criminal Court (ICC) have focused primarily on critiques of, and shifts within, the Office of the Prosecutor. This article takes a different approach by focusing on the ICC’s judiciary. We being by arguing that state parties can and should do more than electing a balance of male and female judges – they can also ensure gender-sensitivity on the Bench by supporting candidates with expertise in gender analysis, and by backing judges who bring a feminist approach to their work once elected. Next, we explain the concept of the ‘feminist judgment-writing’ and suggest that this method offers a useful framework for embedding gender-sensitive judging at the ICC. To illustrate this argument, we highlight opportunities for ICC judges to engage in gender-sensitive judging in relation to interpreting the law, making findings of fact, and deciding procedural questions. The final section of the article discusses how best to institutionalize the practice of gender-sensitive judging at the ICC.

When the Old Left Was Young … and Went to Washington

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon R. Y. Storrs
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Equal Rights Amendment ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Roosevelt Administration ◽  
Old Left ◽  
National Woman's Party

This chapter introduces a group of young radicals, male and female, who ascended with surprising rapidity in the Roosevelt administration. Many of the younger group advocated women's sexual emancipation and conducted their personal lives accordingly. Women in the younger cohort were less likely to make “maternalist” arguments that stressed women's innate differences from men, and they identified less exclusively with women-only organizations. These women did not call themselves “left feminists,” but the term usefully distinguishes them from nonfeminist leftists and from the “pure” feminists of the National Woman's Party, whose proposed equal rights amendment antagonized advocates of wage and hour laws for women. However, not all women in government were left feminists. Those who were gained force from the fact that they often knew one another, through shared interests in labor, poverty, housing, public health and health insurance, consumer rights, and international peace—interdependent causes that in their vision had a feminist subtext.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Alan Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early History ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Dead End

The Conclusion of Classical Caledonia looks at nineteenth century attitudes towards Roman Scotland, also comparing these to Victorian attitudes towards England’s Roman heritage. It reveals striking differences, with the Roman period being viewed as a pivotal moment in the formation of modern England, but the exploits of the Romans in Scotland largely dismissed as an inconsequential footnote. During the Victorian era, the Scottish fascination with the Romans and the Caledonians would be replaced by more romanticised visions of the nation’s early history. This final section categorises the eighteenth-century obsession with Scotland’s Roman past as a historical and patriotic ‘dead end’ and discusses why it failed to become a lasting element of Scotland’s popular history and national identity.

The Adventure of the Stradivarius: Violins in the Work of Arthur Conan Doyle and William Crawford Honeyman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Durkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle

Abstract The violin, despite its fleeting appearances in the stories of Sherlock Holmes, has become prominently associated with the character of Sherlock in modern TV and film adaptions. While the violin is never investigated by Holmes in the stories, it is represented in more depth in a precursory detective story by William Crawford Honeyman: a Scottish author-musician, whose work appears to have influenced Arthur Conan Doyle’s tales of Sherlock Holmes. Honeyman’s short story ‘The Romance of a Real Cremona’ (1884) follows detective James McGovan as he traces and returns a stolen Stradivari violin and unravels its complex provenance. The importance of the violin’s inclusion in fictional works has been little discussed in scholarship. Here, the texts of Doyle and Honeyman serve as a lens through which to analyse the meaning of the violin during the Victorian era. By analysing the violin from an organological perspective, this article examines the violin’s prominence in nineteenth-century British domestic music-making, both as a fiscally and culturally valuable object. The final section of the article explores the meaning attached to, and created by, the violin in the stories of Doyle and Honeyman.

Considerations Affecting the Preparation of Standard Tables of Mortality

1973 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 135-235
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Mortality Curve ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Standard Table

SynopsisThe first, introductory, section of the paper refers to the Committee's main report on the mortality of immediate annuitants in 1967-70 and to the features of the latest data which prevent it from recommending the preparation of a new standard table at present.The second section describes the preliminary work which led to the suggestion of a graduation formula which appeared to fit the 1967-70 assured lives' data at each duration, and over the whole range of ages up to 90; the graduation, like the experience, showed decreasing mortality with increasing age up to age 28. This work included consideration of mortality from motor vehicle accidents at the ages either side of 20, where the shape of the curve differed from the population experience. It also examined ages 90 and over, to indicate the extent to which very late notification of deaths to the offices distorted the exposed to risk.The third section describes the fitting, with the aid of a computer, of the formula suggested in the preceding section, in order to produce two alternative graduations, one with a two-year select period, the other a five-year select period. Below age 17, where the data were insufficient to indicate the underlying course of the mortality curve, an arbitrary extension of the graduations was made by reference to population experience. The graduations are compared with earlier tables in a short fourth section.The fifth and final section examines the possibility of producing a new table for pensioners, a class of lives for which hitherto there has been no appropriate mortality yardstick. It concludes with recommendations for the preparation of experience tables for male and female pensioners based on the 1967-70 data for “lives”.

scholarly journals “ENGLISH LEARNING IS LIKE…”: METAPHORICAL PERCEPTIONS OF PROSPECTIVE ENGLISH TEACHERS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Heri Mudra ◽  
Nurul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Attitudes

The present study aimed to examine the attitudes and types of metaphorical perceptions of male and female prospective English teachers (PETs) towards their English learning process. Elicitation sheet with the prompt “English learning is (like) … because …” was used to collect the data. The data were qualitatively analyzed by listing, naming, categorizing, and determining the metaphors. The results of the elicited metaphors reveal that male and female PETs’ attitudes towards English learning process include positive, negative, ambivalent, and neutral perceptions. Both male and female PETs viewed English learning in different attitudes. Male PETs generated more negative attitudes than the positive ones, while female PETs produced more positive attitudes than the negative ones. The findings also show that the metaphors were categorized into several types such as enjoyable activity, construction work, movement/journey, experience, planting/farming, exploration, and things. These types of metaphor imply the importance of the socio-cultural background of the learners. In conclusion, the metaphors help to determine appropriate strategies, methods, and materials for English teaching and learning.

Measuring positive attitudes toward persons with dementia: A validation of the Allophilia scale

Dementia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M Kinney ◽  
Takashi Yamashita ◽  
J Scott Brown
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Multigroup Analysis ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Changing Attitudes

Efforts to combat ageism typically focus on negative attitudes toward members of an out-group. Changing attitudes also requires assessment and enhancement of positive attitudes. This study examined the psychometric properties of Allophilia scale when used to measure college students' positive attitudes toward persons with dementia. Data collected from 465 students were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup analysis by gender to assess the validity and reliability of the Allophilia scale. Results showed that the Allophilia scale is valid both for male and female students. The Allophilia scale is a valid assessment tool for measuring positive attitudes toward persons with dementia. Use of this scale will contribute to our understanding of attitudes toward persons with dementia and has implications for the design of interventions to facilitate positive attitudes toward members of this out-group.

Community Music and Social Justice: Reclaiming Love

2012 ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
Marissa Silverman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Music

This article integrates philosophical reflections on community music (CM) with analyses of two neglected concepts and practices in music education and CM: love-as-action and social justice. It explains the ways CM may adopt, adapt, and benefit from the practices of community facilitators working in various circumstances. It discuss some prerequisites for, and dimensions of, these concepts in the context of Western societies generally and the United States particularly. The final section connects the concept of love-as-social-justice to a practical example in New York City's urban environment.

Athletes’ Attitudes Toward and Preferences for Male and Female Coaches

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Habif ◽  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Allen Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Title Ix ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Women In Sport ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Female Coaches

Opportunities for women in sport in the United States changed dramatically in the 1970s with the passage of Title IX. Researchers during the 1980s, however, indicated that negative attitudes toward female coaches remained. The purpose of this research was to assess current attitudes toward male and female coaches in two sports. In Study 1, 139 basketball players read scenarios and evaluated hypothetical coaches. Based upon the results, there were no overall differences in attitudes toward male and female coaches on the Attitudes of Athletes Toward Male versus Female Coaches (AAMFC-Q) questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). However, males expressed a significant preference for male coaches, t(78) = −8.84, p < .001. In Study 2, 129 volleyball players read scenarios and rated hypothetical coaches. In contrast to the basketball players, volleyball players showed no significant differences in their attitudes toward or preferences for a coach of a particular gender. Base upon the results of both studies we suggest that attitudes toward female coaches are changing, but preferences for male coaches may still exist, particularly for athletes involved in traditionally masculine sports.

Gender Differences in Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward School Physical Education

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira D. Luke ◽  
Gary D. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Teacher Behavior ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Attitudes Toward School ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Attitudes Toward Physical Education ◽  
Main Determinants

The purpose of this study was to identify and examine the potential determinants of male and female adolescents’ attitudes toward school physical education. Students (N=488), randomly selected from four large metropolitan schools, were asked to comment on their school physical education experience from kindergarten through Grade 10. A systematic content analysis was used to categorize these responses. Three main questions were addressed: What factors in the K-10 physical education experience of male/female students contribute to the development of positive/negative attitudes toward physical education? Are these factors different for males and females? Are they different for students electing to take school physical education? Five main determinants of attitude were identified in ranked order: curriculum content, teacher behavior, class atmosphere, student self-perceptions, and facilities. Overall, male and female students identified the same determinants in the same order of priority.

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