Fashion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Political Commentary ◽  
Rapid Dissemination

Fashion is perhaps the ultimate decadent medium: fashionable dress has been critiqued by moralists for extravagance, luxury, and sexual licentiousness since classical times. This chapter focuses on fashion since the Industrial Revolution, when mass textile production and the rapid dissemination of Parisian styles across Europe and America enabled the development of a rapidly changing fashion system. It shows how, within emergent modernity, decadent dress was characterized by its embrace of artifice; this reached its apotheosis in dandyism and the cult of extraordinary individuality, whereby sartorial expression is used to make the body into a work of art. The chapter examines the gendering of decadent fashion and the figure of the female dandy; and finally appraises the contemporary fashion industry’s embrace of beauty in decay. It concludes that far from an evacuation of moral responsibility, the decadence of fashion may be a means of astute political commentary.

Recounting the Empowerment of Women in Rural Areas of KwaZulu-Natal from Information and Knowledge in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Era

Libri ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenrose Jiyane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Critical Resource

Abstract The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) marks the new, advanced era of development in humankind, and globally countries are in the process of ensuring their citizenry’s readiness. In South Africa, various governmental departments, organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and non-profit organisations (NPOs) are making efforts, through their plans, talks and actions, to attain this status for all her people, particularly women in rural areas. However, the development of women in the rural areas for empowerment remains a concern in developing countries. Consequently, there is a dire need to ensure the developmental status for women in rural areas in the advent of the 4IR, and this paper seeks to demonstrate that information and knowledge may be instrumental in empowering women in rural areas to strive in the 4IR. Accordingly, information and knowledge are a critical resource contributing to the empowerment of women in rural areas for their development. An exploratory question is raised to determine whether South Africa is ready for Fourth Industrial Revolution. The outcome of this paper will contribute to the body of knowledge advocating the importance of information and knowledge in the empowerment of women in rural areas. Significantly, it will generate insights for policymakers on the important role of information and knowledge for women’s development.

A Liberating Experience. On Becoming a Work of Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-430
Author(s):  
Maja Tabea Jerrentrup
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Film Clips ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Body Painting ◽  
Dimensional Surface

Abstract The art of bodypainting that is fairly unknown to a wider public turns the body into a canvas - it is a frequently used phrase in the field of bodypainting that illustrates the challenge it faces: it uses a three-dimensional surface and has to cope with its irregularities, but also with the model’s abilities and characteristics. This paper looks at individuals who are turned into art by bodypainting. Although body painting can be very challenging for them - they have to expose their bodies and to stand still for a long time while getting transformed - models report that they enjoy both the process and the result, even if they are not confident about their own bodies. Among the reasons there are physical aspects like the sensual enjoyment, but also the feeling of being part of something artistic. This is enhanced and preserved through double staging - becoming a threedimentional work of art and then being staged for photography or film clips. This process gives the model the chance to experience their own body in a detached way. On the one hand, bodypainting closely relates to the body and on the other hand, it can help to over-come the body.

The Cyber-Physical Disruption

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-56
Author(s):  
Laura DeNardis
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Technological Affordances

This chapter examines four emerging areas of technological innovation in which digital technologies are becoming embedded into the physical world. The digitization of everyday objects includes consumer Internet of things and connected objects in smart cities. The Internet of self encompasses cyberphysical systems entangled with the body, such as wearable technologies, implantable chips, biometric identification devices, and digital medical monitoring and delivery systems. The industrial Internet of things, sometimes called the “fourth industrial revolution,” involves restructurings of industries and labor around cyber-physical systems. Finally, emergent embedded systems include those embedded objects that are born digital, such as robotics, 3D printing, and arguably augmented reality systems. Understanding these heterogeneous technical architectures, and the technological affordances and characteristics they all share, is necessary for understanding emerging governance debates.

scholarly journals Oral Microbial Shift: Factors affecting the Microbiome and Prevention of Oral Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusai Baroudi ◽  
Rushabh Dagli ◽  
Namrata Dagli ◽  
Shrouq Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Healthy State

ABSTRACT Background Recently, oral microbiome has gained popularity among scientists. Microorganisms are no longer considered as disease-producing pathogens, rather they are now considered as partners of human in maintaining health. Since ancient times, changes in our lifestyle have affected our microbiome and the balance with their human host has been perturbed. The present review includes the description about factors affecting oral microbiome and establishing symbiosis with the human host so that they contribute in maintaining health rather than eliciting diseases. Materials and methods A comprehensive literature search was performed on databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline until April 2015. First, articles were selected on the basis of their titles and then abstracts were screened and unwanted articles were excluded. Articles obtained from all the databases were checked and duplicate articles were removed. Articles obtained from various databases: PubMed = 35, Google Scholar = 8. Out of these 43 articles, total 29 articles were finally selected for this review. Results The published literature suggests that the modern oral microbiome is less biodiverse, and possess more pathogenic bacterial species and lesser beneficial bacteria. The possible factors mainly responsible for this shift in microbiome were found to be change in diet, industrial revolution and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Conclusion Various changes in lifestyles have affected oral microbiome adversely and perturb the symbiosis between the microbiome and their hosts. The present oral microbiome is found to be less diverse and more pathogenic. The present review may be helpful in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and their human hosts so that microbiome contributes in maintaining healthy state of the body. How to cite this article Dagli N, Dagli R, Darwish S, Baroudi K. Oral Microbial Shift: Factors affecting the Microbiome and Prevention of Oral Disease. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):90-96.

The Whole-of-Nation Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-309
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik Omar
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Small Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

Microstates face innumerable challenges in braving the 21st century. Limited resources, a small geography, and a small population are just some of the constraints faced. None is more so pressing that the case of Brunei Darussalam, where its heavy reliance on Oil and Gas may have afforded it economic prosperity and political stability since its independence in 1984, but the changes in market structure and global forces have resulted in it facing serious issues, such as its increasing unemployment rate. The Government of Brunei have taken steed in the advice of Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah to unify the body politic through the “Whole-of-Nation” approach and bring about the harmonious constellation of state actors and non-actors, from both the formal and informal sectors, to realizing the country's ambitious Wawasan 2035 and to adapt to the 4th Industrial Revolution. This work will unpack whether the Government has been successful in its efforts to do so. Policy recommendations will also be presented.

NreASAM: Towards an Ontology-Based Model for Authentication and Auto-Grading Online Submission of Psychomotor Assessments

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-189
Author(s):  
A. Kayode Adesemowo ◽  
Oluwasefunmi 'Tale Arogundade
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Online Submission ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Packet Tracer ◽  
Evidenced Based ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Core and integral to the fourth industrial revolution, knowledge economy, and beyond is information and communication technology (ICT); more so, during and post the novel coronavirus pandemic. Yet, there exists a skills gap in ICT networking and networks engineering. Not only do students perceive ICT networking to be difficult to comprehend, lecturers and institutions grapple with the adequacy of ICT networking equipment. Real-life simulators, like the Cisco Packet Tracer, hold the promise of alternate teaching opportunities and evidenced-based environments for (higher-order) assessment. Research in the last decade on ontology for assessments have focused on taxonomy and multiple-choice questions and auto-generation and marking of assessments. This chapter extends the body of knowledge through its ontology-based model for enabling and auto-assessing performance-based and/or pseudo-psychomotor assessment. The auto-grading online submission system assists with authenticity and enables authentic and/or sustainable assessments.

scholarly journals The Possibility of Zero Limb-Work Gaits in Sprawled and Parasagittal Quadrupeds: Insights from Linkages of the Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Usherwood
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Phase Fluctuation ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Pull Out

Synopsis Animal legs are diverse, complex, and perform many roles. One defining requirement of legs is to facilitate terrestrial travel with some degree of economy. This could, theoretically, be achieved without loss of mechanical energy if the body could take a continuous horizontal path supported by vertical forces only—effectively a wheel-like translation, and a condition closely approximated by walking tortoises. If this is a potential strategy for zero mechanical work cost among quadrupeds, how might the structure, posture, and diversity of both sprawled and parasagittal legs be interpreted? In order to approach this question, various linkages described during the industrial revolution are considered. Watt’s linkage provides an analogue for sprawled vertebrates that uses diagonal limb support and shows how vertical-axis joints could enable approximately straight-line horizontal translation while demanding minimal mechanical power. An additional vertical-axis joint per leg results in the wall-mounted pull-out monitor arm and would enable translation with zero mechanical work due to weight support, without tipping or toppling. This is consistent with force profiles observed in tortoises. The Peaucellier linkage demonstrates that parasagittal limbs with lateral-axis joints could also achieve the zero-work strategy. Suitably tuned four-bar linkages indicate this is feasibly approximated for flexed, biologically realistic limbs. Where “walking” gaits typically show out of phase fluctuation in center of mass kinetic and gravitational potential energy, and running, hopping or trotting gaits are characterized by in-phase energy fluctuations, the zero limb-work strategy approximated by tortoises would show zero fluctuations in kinetic or potential energy. This highlights that some gaits, perhaps particularly those of animals with sprawled or crouched limbs, do not fit current kinetic gait definitions; an additional gait paradigm, the “zero limb-work strategy” is proposed.

scholarly journals Moody architecture: emotionally intelligent prostheses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Mozheyko
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
The Body ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emotionally Intelligent

The digital age has altered the prosthetic relationship between the body and its extensions. Communication devices have started to engage us in an emotional conversation, whereas the focus on the body in architecture perpetuates the mechanistic relationship that dominated during the industrial revolution. This lack of emotional connectivity in architecture challenges the idea of the normative body in light of an analysis of the relationship between empirical reality and classical doctrine. This thesis proposition envisages architecture as becoming an emotionally intelligent prosthesis endowed with anthropomorphic characteristics. Phenomenology and cybernetic systems provide the tools to advance the relationship between the body and its prosthetics. A feedback loop demonstrating cognition and plasticity is a prerequisite for structurally coupling two such systems. Architecture is conceived as evolving to interact continuously with the physical and emotional state of the user. This speculative world allows the thesis to consider how the body and the building might become the organs and prostheses of each other.

scholarly journals In vitro and In silico Models to Study SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Integrating Experimental and Computational Tools to Mimic “COVID-19 Cardiomyocyte”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Dariolli ◽  
Chiara Campana ◽  
Amy Gutierrez ◽  
Eric A. Sobie
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Rapid Dissemination ◽  
In Silico Models ◽  
Drug Studies

The rapid dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has made COVID-19 a tremendous social, economic, and health burden. Despite the efforts to understand the virus and treat the disease, many questions remain unanswered about COVID-19 mechanisms of infection and progression. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) infection can affect several organs in the body including the heart, which can result in thromboembolism, myocardial injury, acute coronary syndromes, and arrhythmias. Numerous cardiac adverse events, from cardiomyocyte death to secondary effects caused by exaggerated immunological response against the virus, have been clinically reported. In addition to the disease itself, repurposing of treatments by using “off label” drugs can also contribute to cardiotoxicity. Over the past several decades, animal models and more recently, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes have been proposed for studying diseases and testing treatments in vitro. In addition, mechanistic in silico models have been widely used for disease and drug studies. In these models, several characteristics such as gender, electrolyte imbalance, and comorbidities can be implemented to study pathophysiology of cardiac diseases and to predict cardiotoxicity of drug treatments. In this Mini Review, we (1) present the state of the art of in vitro and in silico cardiomyocyte modeling currently in use to study COVID-19, (2) review in vitro and in silico models that can be adopted to mimic the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cardiac function, and (3) provide a perspective on how to combine some of these models to mimic “COVID-19 cardiomyocytes environment.”

scholarly journals Driving the Fourth Industrial Revolution Initiative Through University and Industry Collaborations

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Aliu John ◽  
Aigbavboa Clinton ◽  
Wellington Didibhuku Thwala
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrial Training ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Study Process

As the world basks in the euphoria of the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), Africa is gearing up for this innovative age, with South Africa as one of its leading voices. One of the ways of leveraging on the opportunities presented by the 4IR era is to foster collaborations between universities and the construction industry (university-industry collaboration, UIC). This research article aims to determine the positive impacts of UIC on the employability of built environment graduates. A qualitative Delphi approach was adopted to validate 16 factors, which were identified from literature. A total of 14 experts completed a two-stage iterative Delphi study process and reached consensus on all 16 factors identified. This study found that networking activities with industry professionals, student's exposure to innovative ideas and 4IR training programme opportunities are some of the ways through which UIC can improve 4IR knowledge and employability skills among students. From the Delphi survey results, educational institutions have been placed under significant pressures to intensify collaborations with the industry by creating avenues for students to experience industrial training with present-day 4IR-driven sectors such as the construction industry, which has begun the adoption of 4IR elements into its processes to improve efficiency and productivity. Although the issue of UIC has been widely discussed in the body of knowledge, very few have incorporated the 4IR dimension as a gap, which this study aims to fill.

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