The Cyber-Physical Disruption

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-56
Author(s):  
Laura DeNardis
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Technological Affordances

This chapter examines four emerging areas of technological innovation in which digital technologies are becoming embedded into the physical world. The digitization of everyday objects includes consumer Internet of things and connected objects in smart cities. The Internet of self encompasses cyberphysical systems entangled with the body, such as wearable technologies, implantable chips, biometric identification devices, and digital medical monitoring and delivery systems. The industrial Internet of things, sometimes called the “fourth industrial revolution,” involves restructurings of industries and labor around cyber-physical systems. Finally, emergent embedded systems include those embedded objects that are born digital, such as robotics, 3D printing, and arguably augmented reality systems. Understanding these heterogeneous technical architectures, and the technological affordances and characteristics they all share, is necessary for understanding emerging governance debates.

scholarly journals Internet of things, reality of a connected world

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Andrea Liliana Fagua Fagua ◽  
José Custodio Najar Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Everyday Objects ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In recent years, the Internet has evolved till become the Internet of Things (IoT for its acronym). This is one of the most important and significant inventions of all humanity, generating a direct impact on the way of how people live, think and act. It is one of the most used terms by anyone who talks about intelligent connectivity. Internet of things changes everything, is the answer to connect to the network an incredible number of people and link everyday objects, which are equipped with sensors, actuators and communication technologies and they are used to exchange information from the physical world through the Internet, offering data in real time and monitored through the network. Thanks to IoT, more and more companies are integrating small sensors to real-world objects, which provide information about almost everything that can be measured, so the amount of information circulating through networks grows exponentially. Smart cities are a good example of the benefits that IoT brings, by improving the quality of life of people with the services that are offered in an efficient and sustainable way. The installation of IoT brings great challenges focused on information security in organizations, but also opportunities for development in all areas of daily life and excellent ideas for innovation.

An Integrated Legacy of Modbus Devices to Industrial Internet of Things: Approach for Smart Industries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Muthineni
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Intelligent Decision Making ◽  
Internet Of Everything ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Network Platform ◽  
Smart Factories

The new industrial revolution Industry 4.0, connecting manufacturing process with digital technologies that can communicate, analyze, and use information for intelligent decision making includes Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to help manufactures and consumers for efficient controlling and monitoring. This work presents the design and implementation of an IIoT ecosystem for smart factories. The design is based on Siemens Simatic IoT2040, an intelligent industrial gateway that is connected to modbus sensors publishing data onto Network Platform for Internet of Everything (NETPIE). The design demonstrates the capabilities of Simatic IoT2040 by taking Python, Node-Red, and Mosca into account that works simultaneously on the device.

A case study: How did IoT start-up Distronix change its business model to sustain growth in the pay-per-use economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 204388692098158
Author(s):  
Dipankar Chakrabarti ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Soumya Sarkar ◽  
Arindam Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Public Cloud ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Fixed Fee

Industrial Internet of Things emerged as one of the major technologies enabling Industry 4.0 for industries. Multiple start-ups started working in the Industrial Internet of Things field to support this new industrial revolution. Distronix, one such Industrial Internet of Things start-up of India, started operations in 2014, when companies were not even aware of Industrial Internet of Things. Distronix started executing fixed-fee projects for implementation of Industrial Internet of Things. They also started manufacturing sensors to support large customers end-to-end in their Industry 4.0 journey. With the advent of public cloud, companies started demanding pay-per-use model for the solution Distronix provided. This posed a major challenge to Distronix as they had developed technology skills focusing fixed-fee customized project delivery for their clients. The situation demanded that they change their business model from individual project delivery to creation of product sand-box with pre-registered sensors and pre-defined visualization layer to support use cases for Industrial Internet of Things implementation in multiple industry sectors. It forced Rohit Sarkar, the 26 years old entrepreneur and owner of Distronix, to upgrade capabilities of his employees and transform the business model to support pay-per-use economy popularized by public cloud providers. The case discusses the challenges Rohit faced to revamp their business model in such an emerging technology field, like, to develop new skills of the technical people to support such novel initiative, reorienting sales people towards pay as use model, developing new concept of plug and play modular product, devising innovative pricing, better alliance strategy and finding out a super early adopter.

Dynamic pricing in industrial internet of things: Blockchain application for energy management in smart cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 102615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ali Khattak ◽  
Komal Tehreem ◽  
Ahmad Almogren ◽  
Zoobia Ameer ◽  
Ikram Ud Din ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Internet

scholarly journals Scalable Fog Computing Orchestration for Reliable Cloud Task Scheduling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10996
Author(s):  
Jongbeom Lim
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Task Scheduling ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Virtualization Technology ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
One Machine

As Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices are becoming increasingly popular in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the orchestration and management of numerous fog devices encounter a scalability problem. In fog computing environments, to embrace various types of computation, cloud virtualization technology is widely used. With virtualization technology, IoT and IIoT tasks can be run on virtual machines or containers, which are able to migrate from one machine to another. However, efficient and scalable orchestration of migrations for mobile users and devices in fog computing environments is not an easy task. Naïve or unmanaged migrations may impinge on the reliability of cloud tasks. In this paper, we propose a scalable fog computing orchestration mechanism for reliable cloud task scheduling. The proposed scalable orchestration mechanism considers live migrations of virtual machines and containers for the edge servers to reduce both cloud task failures and suspended time when a device is disconnected due to mobility. The performance evaluation shows that our proposed fog computing orchestration is scalable while preserving the reliability of cloud tasks.

Smart Gateways for IOT-Factory Integration

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Eva Masero Rubio ◽  
Pedro Miguel Baptista Torres ◽  
Rogério Pais Dionísio
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Financial Strength ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Communication Devices

This book chapter proposes a description of smart gateways and cyber-physical systems (CPS) for the industrial internet of things (I-IOT). It also presents a case study where a smart gateway is developed to be used in different types of industrial equipment for the shop floor. The case study is developed under the specifications of different industries in the region of Castelo Branco. It is a proof that the 4th industrial revolution will be the engine for SME innovation, independence of the regions and their financial strength. It is also proof that the cooperation between universities, industries and startups can evolve to break barriers and add value in the improvement of regional industries competitiveness. Topics that will be addressed on the chapter can be used for developers, students, researchers and enthusiasts to learn topics related to I-IOT, such as data acquisitions systems, wired and wireless communication devices and protocols, OPC servers and LabVIEW programming.

How Can Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Improve Enterprise Productivity?

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-133
Author(s):  
Erdinç Koç
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Industry ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Smart Cars ◽  
Industrial Part

This chapter gives brief information about internet of things (IoT) and then detailed knowledge of industrial internet of things (IIoT). Internet of things applications can be seen in different areas, such as smart cars, smart homes, smart cities, agriculture, healthcare, industry, etc. This study focuses on the industrial part. Industrial internet of things (IIoT) means internet of things (IoT) applications for industrial usage. IIoT give a chance to enterprise for tracking supply chains, monitoring production line operations, and real-time consumption of energy, managing stock, and transportation decisions. This study used case study method for developing theory about IIoT's contribution to enterprise productivity. IIoT applications can be adapted to which operations of the enterprise, and how it will contribute to enterprise productivity is explained in this chapter. The chapter discusses the projects that are within the vision of IIoT but not yet implemented and concludes with suggestions for future studies.

scholarly journals On the 5G and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7091
Author(s):  
Mário Marques da Silva ◽  
João Guerreiro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Cellular Communications ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Single Carrier

This article provides an overview of the fifth generation of cellular communications (5G) and beyond. It presents the transmission techniques of current 5G communications and those expected of future developments, namely a brief study of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) using the single carrier with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) block transmission technique, evidencing its added value in terms of spectral efficiency. An introduction to the sixth generation of cellular communications (6G) is also provided. The insertion of 5G and 6G within the Fourth Industrial Revolution framework (also known as Industry 4.0) is also dealt with. Consisting of a change in paradigm, when compared to previous generations, 5G supports a myriad of new services based on the Internet of things (IoT) and on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, supporting technologies such as autonomous driving, smart cities, and remote surgery. The new services provided by 5G are supported by new techniques, such as millimeter waves (mm-wave), in addition to traditional microwave communication, and by massive multiple-input multiple-output (m-MIMO) technology. These techniques were not employed in the fourth generation of cellular communications (4G). While 5G plays an important role in the initial implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 6G will address a number of new services such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), holographic services, the advanced Internet of things (IoT), AI-infused applications, wireless brain–computer interaction (BCI), and mobility at higher speeds. The current research on systems beyond 5G indicates that these applications shall be supported by new MIMO techniques and make use of terahertz (THz) bands.

scholarly journals Ontology-driven approach for describing industrial socio-cyberphysical systems’ components

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 03027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Teslya ◽  
Igor Ryabchikov
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Ontological Approach ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Main Components

Nowadays, the concept of the industrial Internet of things is considered by researchers as the basis of Industry 4.0. Its use is aimed at creating a single information space that allows to unite all the components of production, starting from the processed raw materials to the interaction with suppliers and users of completed goods. Such a union will allow to change the established business processes of production to increase the customization of end products for the consumer and to reduce the costs for its producers. Each of the components is described using a digital twin, showing their main characteristics, important for production. The heterogeneity of these characteristics for each of the production levels makes it very difficult to exchange information between them. To solve the problem of interaction between individual components this paper proposes to use the ontological approach to model the components of industrial socio-cyberphysical systems. The paper considers four scenarios of interaction in the industrial Internet of things, based on which the upper-level ontology is formed, which describes the main components of industrial socio-cyberphysical systems and the connections between them.

scholarly journals New Developments in Cyber Physical Systems, the Internet of Things and the Digital Economy – Discussion on Future Developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev ◽  
David De Roure ◽  
Jason R.C. Nurse ◽  
Razvan Nicolescu ◽  
Michael Huth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Industrial Internet Of Things ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Internet

The world is currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution driven by the newest wave of digitisation in the manufacturing sector. The term Industry 4.0 (I4.0) represents at the same time: a paradigm shift in industrial production, a generic designation for sets of strategic initiatives to boost national industries, a technical term to relate to new emerging business assets, processes and services, and a brand to mark a very particular historical and social period. I4.0 is also referred to as Industrie 4.0 the New Industrial France, the Industrial Internet, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the digital economy. These terms are used interchangeably in this text. The aim of this article is to discuss major developments in this space in relation to the integration of new developments of IoT and cyber physical systems in the digital economy, to better understand cyber risks and economic value and risk impact. The objective of the paper is to map the current evolution and its associated cyber risks for the digital economy sector and to discuss the future developments in the Industrial Internet of Things and Industry 4.0.

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