Global Development, Global Public Health, and Ethics

2019 ◽  
pp. 819-829
Author(s):  
Gerald Bloom ◽  
Hayley MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Present Context

Rapid development has brought significant economic and health benefits, but it has also exposed populations to new health risks. Public health as a scientific discipline and major government responsibility developed during the nineteenth century to help mitigate these risks. Public health actions need to take into account large inequalities in the benefits and harms associated with development between countries, between social groups, and between generations. This is especially important in the present context of very rapid change. It is important to acknowledge the global nature of the challenges people face and the need to involve countries with different cultures and historical legacies in arriving at consensus on an ethical basis for global cooperation in addressing these challenges. This chapter provides an analysis of these issues, using examples on the management of health risks associated with global development and rapid urbanization and on the emergence of organisms that are resistant to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Health Care in Aged Population: A Global Public Health Challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Md Shahidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Health care and health care delivery systems will be burdened by growing number of ageing population and is going to be the next global public health challenge. Advances in medicine and socioeconomic development have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity. As a result number of aged is increasing with age related morbidity. These demographic and epidemiological changes, coupled with rapid urbanization, globalization, and accompanying changes in risk factors and lifestyles, have increased the prominence of chronic conditions. Health systems need to find effective strategies to extend health care and to respond to the needs of older adults. The goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for everyone at all ages cannot be achieved without attention to the health of older adults. With an increasingly large proportion of this population living in low-income and middle-income countries, this will have implications worldwide. This literature based review intends to explore the spectrum of global challenge in geriatric health care. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (2) : 95-97

Sport and Urbanization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Friedman ◽  
Jacob Bustad
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Spectator Sports ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The City

Since the start of the nineteenth century, the processes of urban development and the development of modern sport have been dialectically linked. With critical masses of potential participants, spectators, and media, the city provided the necessary ingredients for the development of sport as a structured activity and viable enterprise. With concerns over the social and public health impacts of rapid urbanization, sport helped to shape urban growth through the development of major metropolitan parks; the creation of small parks, playgrounds, and gymnasiums; the provision of resources for recreation; and the placement of facilities for spectator sports. To better understand the dialectical relationship between sport and urbanization, this chapter focuses on two time periods: 1800–1870 and 1870–1940. The period between 1800–1870 was a time of rapid change with both cities and sport developing into their modern forms. The period between 1870–1940 evinces a more instrumental relationship between sport and the city.

scholarly journals CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-En Lien ◽  
Yi-Jiun Lin ◽  
Tsun-Yung Kuo ◽  
John D Campbell ◽  
Paula Traquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Igg Level

The COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Rapid development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines are imperative to control the pandemic. In the current study, we applied our adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-2P)-based vaccine, MVC-COV1901, to hamster models to demonstrate immunogenicity and protection from virus challenge. Golden Syrian hamsters immunized intramuscularly with two injections of 1 μg or 5 μg of S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) were challenged intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Prior to virus challenge, the vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies with 10,000-fold higher IgG level and an average of 50-fold higher pseudovirus neutralizing titers in either dose groups than vehicle or adjuvant control groups. Six days after infection, vaccinated hamsters did not display any weight loss associated with infection and had significantly reduced lung pathology and most importantly, lung viral load levels were reduced to lower than detection limit compared to unvaccinated animals. Vaccination with either 1 μg or 5 μg of adjuvanted S-2P produced comparable immunogenicity and protection from infection. This study builds upon our previous results to support the clinical development of MVC-COV1901 as a safe, highly immunogenic, and protective COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Public Health Crisis during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gaus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Authority ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Open Question

During the COVID pandemic, biomedicine and the rapid development of anti-COVID vaccines has been widely praised, while the global public health response has been questioned. Fifteen United States based combined experts in primary healthcare and public health responded to an open question focusing on this issue. Eleven of these experts responded. Four major themes emerged from their answers, including: fragmentation between public health and biomedicine; underfunding of public health; lack of centralized public health authority; business interests over the public good and well-being.

scholarly journals CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-En Lien ◽  
Yi-Jiun Lin ◽  
Charles Chen ◽  
Wei-Cheng Lian ◽  
Tsun-Yung Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Igg Level

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Rapid development and deployment of safe and effective vaccines are imperative to control the pandemic. In the current study, we applied our adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike (S-2P)-based vaccine, MVC-COV1901, to hamster models to demonstrate immunogenicity and protection from virus challenge. Golden Syrian hamsters immunized intramuscularly with two injections of 1 µg or 5 µg of S-2P adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and aluminum hydroxide (alum) were challenged intranasally with SARS-CoV-2. Prior to virus challenge, the vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies with 10,000-fold higher IgG level and an average of 50-fold higher pseudovirus neutralizing titers in either dose groups than vehicle or adjuvant control groups. Six days after infection, vaccinated hamsters did not display any weight loss associated with infection and had significantly reduced lung pathology and most importantly, lung viral load levels were reduced to lower than detection limit compared to unvaccinated animals. Vaccination with either 1 μg or 5 μg of adjuvanted S-2P produced comparable immunogenicity and protection from infection. This study builds upon our previous results to support the clinical development of MVC-COV1901 as a safe, highly immunogenic, and protective COVID-19 vaccine.

Life Lessons of the Pandemic ”Covid - 19”

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri Vijay Chaudhari ◽  
Priya P. Chawle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Lessons

“A lesson learned the hard way is a lesson learned for a lifetime.” Every bad situation hurts; however, it sure does teach us something a lesson. In the same manner of a new lesson for Human lifetime, history is observing 'The Novel COVID-19 ’, a very horrible and strange situation created due to fighting with a microscopic enemy. WHO on 11 February 2020 has announced a name for new disease as - 19 and has declared as a global public health emergency and subsequently as pandemic because of its widespread. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, with its in Wuhan, the People Republic of China has emerged as a public health emergency of international concern. is the group of a virus with non-segmented, single-stranded and positive RNA genome. This bad situation of pandemic creates new scenes in the life of people in a different manner, which will be going to be life lessons for them. Such lessons should be kept in mind for the safety of living beings and many more things. In this narrative review article, reference was taken from a different article published in various databases which include the view of different authors and writers on the "Lessons to be from Corona".

Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework & modelling to aid local Covid-19 response & mitigation: Viewpoint (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmi Zakariah ◽  
Fadzilah bt Kamaluddin ◽  
Choo-Yee Ting ◽  
Hui-Jia Yee ◽  
Shereen Allaham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Inherent Risk ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

UNSTRUCTURED The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has been a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that plays a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework to georeference the COVID-19 with an operational platform to plan response & execute mitigation activities. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.

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