Digital, Underground

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Colleen Neff
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Black Aesthetic ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Musical Production ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Digital Landscape ◽  
And Training ◽  
Production Software

Hip hop’s big takeover, four decades deep, has gone hand-in-hand with the age of digital globalization. Charts and numbers, playlists and soundscan tallies cannot fully measure the influence and mobility of hip hop’s emerging digitalities, which move swiftly across the global media landscape and bring global fans and practitioners into their collaborative folds. After decades of concern with the elusive question of what hip hop is across its historical trajectory, critical media studies is turning to the question of what hip hop does for its practitioners in the context of digital globalization. As this study shows, the long-standing field of Black aesthetic studies can nourish new approaches to understanding a transnational digital landscape in which popular music has become a premium site for emergent digital creativity, even as many of these communities fall across the digital divide that makes professional production software, hardware, and training difficult to access. Today, hip hop is as much a global field of digital design as it is a body of musical production.

scholarly journals COLLABORATIVE DIGITAL DESIGN NOTEBOOKS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph O. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Shared Workspace ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Team Design ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
And Training ◽  
And Task

 Abstract – Many design courses require students to maintain a paper-based personal design notebook or journal. The potential advantages of a digital notebook have been described in the literature, but few reports can be found on the use of digital notebooks in practice. This paper describes the design and implementation of a cloud-based collaborative workspace to provide a shared team design notebook. The shared workspace uses Microsoft SharePoint sites and Microsoft OneNote notebooks as the main components. SharePoint sites were created for 34 design teams in a 2nd-year engineering design course. Each site had a team notebook, document library, discussion forum, and task scheduler. Instructions and training were provided at the beginning of the course. Students were able to use the tools with little difficulty, and were able to use them as an effective replacement for a paper notebook. However, many teams did not make full use of the available capabilities, and there was little evidence of higher-level collaborative activities. The described implementation is technically and financially feasible, is scalable to large classes, and satisfies most of the requirements of a collaborative design notebook. However, scaffolding and training are needed to ensure that students collaborate effectively.

scholarly journals FOLLOW THE MONEY: A LARGE-SCALE INVESTIGATION OF MONETIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION ON YOUTUBE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Coromina ◽  
Ariadna Matamoros-Fernández ◽  
Bernhard Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Media Industries ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Media System ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Revenue Streams ◽  
Dominant Actor ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

While YouTube has become a dominant actor in the global media system, the relationship between platform, advertisers, and content creators has seen a series of conflicts around the question of monetization. Our paper draws on a critical media industries perspective to investigate the relationship between YouTube’s evolving platform strategies on the one side and content creators’ tactical adaptations on the other. This concerns the search for alternative revenue streams as well as content and referencing optimization seeking to grow audiences and algorithmic visibility. Drawing on an exhaustive sample (n=153.770) of “elite” channels (more than 100.000 subscribers) and their full video history (n=138.340.337), we parse links in video descriptions to investigate the appearance and spread of crowdfunding platforms like Patreon, but also of affiliate links, merchandise stores, or e-commerce websites like Etsy. We analyze the evolution of video length and posting frequency in response to platform policy as well as visibility tactics such as metadata and category optimization, keyword stuffing, or title phrasing. Taken together, these elements provide a broad picture of “industrialization” on YouTube, that is, of the ways creators seek to develop their channels into media businesses. While this contribution cannot replace more qualitative, in-depth research into particular channels or channel groups, we hope to provide a representative picture of YouTube’s elite channels and their quest for visibility and success from their beginnings up to early 2020.

Digital Design and 3D Printing of Aortic Arch Reconstruction in HLHS for Surgical Simulation and Training

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Chen ◽  
Chin Siang Ong ◽  
Nagina Malguria ◽  
Luca A. Vricella ◽  
Juan R. Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Aortic Arch ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Aortic Arch Reconstruction ◽  
Arch Reconstruction ◽  
And Training

Purpose: Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) present a diverse spectrum of aortic arch morphology. Suboptimal geometry of the reconstructed aortic arch may result from inappropriate size and shape of an implanted patch and may be associated with poor outcomes. Meanwhile, advances in diagnostic imaging, computer-aided design, and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology have enabled the creation of 3D models. The purpose of this study is to create a surgical simulation and training model for aortic arch reconstruction. Description: Specialized segmentation software was used to isolate aortic arch anatomy from HLHS computed tomography scan images to create digital 3D models. Three-dimensional modeling software was used to modify the exported segmented models and digitally design printable customized patches that were optimally sized for arch reconstruction. Evaluation: Life-sized models of HLHS aortic arch anatomy and a digitally derived customized patch were 3D printed to allow simulation of surgical suturing and reconstruction. The patient-specific customized patch was successfully used for surgical simulation. Conclusions: Feasibility of digital design and 3D printing of patient-specific patches for aortic arch reconstruction has been demonstrated. The technology facilitates surgical simulation. Surgical training that leads to an understanding of optimal aortic patch geometry is one element that may potentially influence outcomes for patients with HLHS.

scholarly journals SITUATING THE CNN EFFECT IN NIGERIAN CONTEXT: ANALYSING IMPACT ON DIPLOMACY AND LOCAL TELEVISION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nduka Odo ◽  
Daniel Onuwa Ugwuanyi ◽  
Frances N Nwabufoe
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Global Media ◽  
Television Industry ◽  
Local Television ◽  
Setting Theory ◽  
Global Television ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
And Training

Scholars believe that the global media of television influence foreign policy-making through a presentation of compelling images of events happening. It is termed the CNN effect or factor. However, the extent of this effect is not yet determined especially on Nigeria foreign policy and local television. The CNN Effect stands on the agenda-setting theory.  The factor implies that the global television goes further to tell policymakers what it should think, what to think about, how to think about what they think, and what to do with what they think and think about. This study is carried out through analysis of secondary data and observation of global and local televisions.  Beside already observed effects of global television on foreign policymaking such as making decisions in haste without proper considerations and sideling of diplomatic protocols, the study found some side effects of the influence of global media; one of which is that global television force policymakers to be unduly attached to them (global television). The greater revelation from the CNN effect is not on Nigeria’s foreign policy but on local television industry where the local television loses audience, credibility and revenue to global television. The study recommends better funding and training for local television.

scholarly journals CHOCQUIBTOWN: Young Voices Shattering Afro-Colombian Invisibility

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Gaviria-Buck
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Musical Production ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Media

In the past two years an Afrocolombian hip-hop band from the Pacific region of Colombia has been getting a lot of attention in the media, especially after winning a Latin Grammy Award in 2010 and being nominated to several categories of the Grammy Music Awards in 2011 and 2012.  In their lyrics, they claim to represent the black population of the Pacific coast, people of African descent who have traditionally lived in marginalized conditions of poverty and exploitation of different sorts.  By borrowing some insights from African American criticism, the afrocentricity in Choquibtown's songs is explored.  Additionally, through a postcolonialist approach, this band's musical production is analyzed as a voice of widespread racism and as means of resistance to political and cultural oppression. 

scholarly journals Women’s voices in diaspora: hip hop, spoken word, Islam and web 2.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Cláudia Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Musical Production

This paper focuses on the artistic production of four hip hop and spoken word artists belonging to the Muslim diaspora, Poetic Pilgrimage, Alia Sharrief, Hanouneh and Alia Gabres, aiming to understand if such cultural practices can be understood as forms of political, civic and social activism, with the potential to broaden or create alternative public spheres (Fraser, 1990). It articulates a form of musical production often associated with Islam, hip hop (Alim, 2005; Miah & Kalra, 2008), with spoken word, produced by Muslim women in diaspora, migrants or descendants of migrants, with different backgrounds and different life stories associated with Islam, allowing them effective voice in their self-representation, considered from their online presence (NTI and web 2.0). The diversity of the cultural producers and their forms of expression considered in this paper is understood as an example of the diversity within Islam and also as a denial of any orientalist stereotypes (Saïd, 1979) about Muslim women.

scholarly journals The Graffitour of the 13: an aesthetic, political and historical trajectory through Medellín

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Pérez Torres
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Fixed Boundaries ◽  
The City ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
And Diffusion

Abstract To think the borders of the metropolis beyond the representations associated with precariousness and crime presupposes recognizing the abundance and vitality of aesthetic practices and productions that are reconfiguring the discourses on the peripheries. In both Brazil and other Latin American countries, the emergence and diffusion of languages produced in the "margins" of cities call into question the center/periphery dualism - relativizing the existence of fixed boundaries, while proposing other ways of narrating different collective experiences. Commonly seen as a peripheral product, graffiti is an artistic language that express the multiplicity of agencies on the metropolitan edges. In the city of Medellín, Colombia, different groups formed mainly by young people from the edges have been taking on graffiti and hip hop as a resource to understand, narrate and distance themselves from the violence that crosses them. A significant sample of this type of collective experience is the Graffitour proposal, an "aesthetic, political and historical" route organized by the Centro Cultural Casa Kolacho in the Commune 13. Based on the assumption that the Graffitour transcends the simple representation of the medellinense periphery and constitutes a form of cultural and political organization to speak about the violence that appears in the city, this work reports the experience of having carried out this journey through Commune 13. In this sense, it aims to reflect on how discourses are produced on metropolitan edges in contemporary times and on the role of urban artistic manifestations in the interpretation of violence and in the construction of social memory.

Labour Markets and their Regulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Menz
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
And Training

This first empirical chapter provides an in-depth analysis of changes to the models of industrial relations in six countries, considering general patterns of change, their sources, and their precise impact. A general trend towards liberalization plays out differently depending on power resources, institutional constellations, and historical trajectory. Societal trends, including increasing female and ethnic minority labour market participation and increases in atypical forms of employment, present challenges for trade unions. Employer associations are losing members, but can wield the powerful threat of outsourcing abroad. Finally a tour d’horizon of education and training systems establishes how they link into the structure of labour markets.

Critical Media Literacy as Transformative Pedagogy

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Funk ◽  
Douglas Kellner ◽  
Jeff Share
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Critical Media Literacy ◽  
Multiple Identity ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
K 12

This chapter provides a theoretical framework of critical media literacy (CML) pedagogy and examples of practical implementation in K-12 and teacher education. It begins with a brief discussion of literature indicating the need for educators to use a critical approach to media. The historical trajectory of CML and key concepts are then reviewed. Following this, the myths of “neutrality” and “normalcy” in education and media are challenged. The chapter takes a critical look at information and communication technologies and popular culture, reviewing how they often reinforce and occasionally challenge dominant ideologies. Next, this critical perspective is used to explore how CML interrogates the ways media tend to position viewers, users, and audiences to read and negotiate meanings about race, class, gender, and the multiple identity markers that privilege dominant groups. The subjective and ubiquitous nature of media is highlighted to underscore the transformative potential of CML to use media tools for promoting critical thinking and social justice in the classroom.

Soul in Seoul

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Hip Hop ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Musical Aesthetics ◽  
Korean Music ◽  
Rhythm And Blues ◽  
Musical Production ◽  
Music Aesthetics ◽  
American Popular Music

Soul in Seoul: African American Popular Music and K-pop examines how K-pop cites musical and performative elements of Black popular music culture as well as the ways that fans outside of Korea understand these citations. K-pop represents a hybridized mode of Korean popular music that emerged in the 1990s with global aspirations. Its hybridity combines musical elements from Korean and foreign cultures, particularly rhythm and blues-based genres (R&B) of African American popular music. Korean pop, R&B and hip-hop solo artists and groups engage in citational practices by simultaneously emulating R&B’s instrumentation and vocals and enhancing R&B by employing Korean musical strategies to such an extent that K-pop becomes part of a global R&B tradition. Korean pop groups use dynamic images and quality musical production to engage in cultural work that culminates the kind of global form of crossover pioneered by Black American music producers. Korean R&B artists, with a focus on vocals, take the R&B tradition beyond the Black-white binary, and Korean hip-hop practitioners use sampling and live instrumentation to promote R&B’s innovative music aesthetics. K-pop artists also cite elements of African American performance in Korean music videos that disrupt limiting representations. K-pop’s citational practices reveal diverse musical aesthetics driven by the interplay of African American popular music and Korean music strategies. As a transcultural fandom, global fans function as part of K-pop’s music press and deem these citational practices authentic. Citational practices also challenge homogenizing modes of globalization by revealing the multiple cultural forces that inform K-pop.

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