Leviathan Captured Neoliberalism as Solution and Problem in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Faucher
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Role Of The State

This chapter begins with an overview of the nature of neoliberalism. As markets evolved and globalization made progress, governments introduced reforms meant to adjust policies and regulations to a more open and competitive environment and reduce the relative weight and role of the state. Policies such as privatization and trade liberalization were introduced in Brazil shortly after a civilian, Fernando Collor de Melo (1990–1992), was elected president. But the neoliberal agenda was relegated to second place as all energy was turned toward the fight against inflation and the debt crisis. After a first term dedicated to consolidate public finances, President Cardoso (1995–2002) introduced a number of “market-oriented” reforms aimed at flexibility and efficiency. Under President Lula (2003–2010), social programs were improved, transfers were increased, and the minimum wage was raised. Since 2009, a recession has threatened the joint imperatives of forced development and social justice.

scholarly journals PERANAN NEGARA DAN HUKUM DALAM MEMBERANTAS KEMISKINAN DENGAN MEWUJUDKAN KESEJAHTERAAN UMUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Yohanes Suhardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Product

AbstrakThe role of the state in combating poverty is very strategic. Combatingpoverty means to free citizens who are poor. The strategic role given thenational ideals (read: state) is the creation of public welfare. Therefore,countries in this regard the government as the organizer of the state musthold fast to the national ideals through legal product that is loaded withsocial justice values in order to realize common prosperity. Therefore, thenature of the law is justice, then in the context of the state, the lawestablished for the creation of social justice. Law believed that social justiceas the path to the public welfare so that the Indonesian people in a relativelyshort time to eradicate poverty.

Political Stakeholder Theory: The State, Legitimacy, and the Ethics of Microfinance in Emerging Economies

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia D. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Role Of The State

ABSTRACT:How does the state influence stakeholder legitimacy? And how does this process affect an industry’s ethical challenges? Stakeholder theory adopts a forward-looking perspective and seeks to understand how managers can address stakeholders’ claims to improve the firm’s ability to create value. Yet, existing work does not adequately address the role of the state in defining the stakeholder universe nor the implications this may have for subsequent ethical challenges managers face. This article develops a political stakeholder theory (political ST) by weaving together the political economy, stakeholder theory, and legitimacy literatures. Political ST shows how state policies influence stakeholder legitimacy and, in turn, affect an industry’s ethical challenges. This article integrates the concept of agonism to address the perennial tension between markets and states and its implications for firms and their managers. Political ST is then applied to the case of microfinance, followed by a discussion of the contributions of this approach.

scholarly journals The Assemblage of Power: The Role of The State in Minimum Wage Policy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Wahyu Adiningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
International Market ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The State ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
World Systems Analysis

<p>The minimum wage is an essential issue for workers in Indonesia. Employers still apply the minimum wage to all workers, regardless of their experience. Further, the calculation of the minimum wage is still based on an estimate for single workers. This calculation can mean that a worker is unable to meet the daily needs of their dependent family. Workers in Indonesia are trapped in debt and poverty. The minimum wage in Indonesia is intended as a safety net to prevent workers from falling into poverty, with workers’ welfare the responsibility of the state.  This study aims to examine the role of the state in determining the minimum wage policy. The outcomes of this process cannot be separated from the strength of workers and employers to communicate their interests. As a semi-peripheral country within the international division of labour, the minimum wage policy in Indonesia is influenced by the interests of international capital. This qualitative study uses the capitalist state theories of Miliband, Poulantzas, and Jessop to examine the role of the state and worker-employer relations, and the influence of the international market on determining minimum wage policy in Indonesia -with world-systems analysis also drawn on to investigate the international market context.  Overall, this study proves that wage rates are the result of the struggle of the agency, i.e. workers, employers, and government personnel through various institutions, regulatory products and laws. The various regulations and institutions of the state ensure that the struggle between these interest groups takes place in a way that does not endanger capitalism as the prevailing economic and political system. For workers, the struggle for increased wages occurs at two levels. Firstly through tripartite institutions -Institutions where workers, employers and government representatives negotiate wages and other industrial relations issues- and laws that are created by the state to limit struggles around the wage rate. Secondly, through a larger, democratic space in strikes or demonstrations are staged. Employers mostly pursue their interests through parliamentary, tripartite institutions and through occupying prominent positions in government structures. International markets affect the determining of wage policy through the actions of international and regional institutions that provide access to overseas debt, and who stipulate the conditions to be followed by the Indonesian government in receipt of this debt.</p>

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND PROSPECTS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA (THE ECOLOGY OF MENTALITY AS AN INDICATOR OF STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Юрий Иванович Шорохов
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Ideal

Цель статьи - экспресс-оценка состояния и тенденций социально-экономического развития России по показателям экологии менталитета руководителей типового российского предприятия и роли государства в его развитии. Научная новизна: установлена зависимость конкурентоспособности государства как открытой системы и входящих в его состав организаций от степени согласованности экологии менталитета на уровне предприятия и государства в целом и соответствия менталитета конкурентной среде. В статье определен не только портрет идеального, эталонного в сложившейся конкурентной среде состояния организации, но и способы оценки воплощённого в реальность менталитета, а также пути её перевода в эталонное состояние с учётом роли государства и самой организации. Приведены результаты экспресс-оценки состояния экологии менталитета и конкурентоспособности типового российского производственного предприятия и государства в целом. The article presents the results of the next stage of research, the purpose of which is to develop a new approach to assessing the effectiveness and justifying the directions of development of organizations according to the set of indicators characterizing the state of ecology of the mentality of their managers and staff. The scientific novelty of the article lies in a portrait of the ideal reference in the established competitive environment of the state of the organization; ways of assessing the mentality embodied in reality; ways of its conversion into a reference state taking into account the role of the State and the organization itself. The author presents the results of the rapid assessment of the state of ecology of mentality and competitiveness of a model Russian production enterprise and the role of the state in its development.

Nationalized Industry Policies and Regional Policies: The Role of the State in Capitalist Societies in the Deindustrialization and Reindustrialization of Regions

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Jobs ◽  
Peripheral Regions

This paper is an exploration of the relationship between stale policies and regional industrial change. It is argued that the main proximate cause of deindustrialization in peripheral regions of Great Britain has been nationalized industry policies. The formation, implementation, and effects of regional policies to provide new jobs must be considered in this context. The relationships between these different state policies are explored and their implications for development in peripheral regions are discussed.

Social Justice and Human Enhancement in Today's Bionic Society

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Antonio Maturo
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Human Enhancement ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Cognitive Enhancers ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Normal Human

The use of substances that improve cognitive abilities is now more and more common in many countries. These treatments are not aimed at curing pathologies, but rather at enhancing normal human capabilities, i.e., people are using pharmaceutical products to alter their biological makeup. The following article investigates this phenomenon and questions the role of the State in relation to this practice. The article concludes with an explanation of why the State, unlike what some bioethicists have proposed, should not support the use of cognitive enhancers.

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