Afterword

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stewart Agras ◽  
Athena Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Maladaptive Eating

This chapter reflects on core themes raised within this Handbook, which collectively reflect the state of the science in the eating disorder field. Such themes include the growing recognition of the complexity of eating disorders including their etiological underpinnings and the contributions of basic sciences to an understanding of processes underlying the expression of maladaptive eating patterns. The status of the prevention and treatment of these disorders as reflected in the literature to date is considered with questions raised about future progress. Looking toward the future, new technologies may offer opportunities to bring cost-effective evidence-based treatments to underserved populations. However, such opportunities bring with them new ethical and practical considerations. Also highlighted are potential areas for further research.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
Abu Shehab Ala Hani Izzat ◽  
Lucretia Anghel ◽  
Bogdan Stefanescu ◽  
Cristina Kantor ◽  
Anamaria Ciubara
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Prevention Methods

Substance use disorder in a severe mode is called addiction, it is a chronic disorder of the brain determined by biological and social factors that have unhealthy consequences to individuals and to community. Understanding substance use disorder has improved our perspectives in the last thirty years due to major advancement in researches related to genetics and neuroscience. In addition to the evolution of new technologies and methods that helped us create advanced prevention techniques and interventions. Methods: PubMed was used to conduct the literature searches, observational and interventional studies focused on adult substance use were obtained. Findings were collected and arranged to cover the main points of epidemiology, neurobiology and prevention. Results: substance-related use patterns have evolved over time, which are informed via peer behaviors, environmental factors, messaging platforms, availability of various substances, and other different variables. Many risk factors in addition to resiliency factors contributed to individual differences in substance use and related results. Prevention methods have achieved mixed results, although many evidence-based treatments were developed for substance use disorder, the results are limited to a moderate level, suggesting the need for additional research to evolve prevention methods and treatment. Conclusion: It is necessary to mention that there is a high demand to identify cost effective prevention methods. The integration of prevention methods and techniques, including interventions at the school, family and society levels, is more likely to achieve the results needed.

scholarly journals The Future of Evidence-Based Temperance Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everett L. Worthington ◽  
Llewellyn E. van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Theoretical Conceptualization

Positive psychology has accumulated a large and ever-growing body of scientific knowledge about human strengths and virtues. However, research on positive psychology interventions (PPIs) to develop such is still in its infancy. In this brief position paper, we summarize the status of PPIs in one of the positive psychology’s most important virtues: temperance. Temperance refers to the capacity to manage habits and protect against excess and is composed of forgiveness, humility, and (we include) patience. Specifically, we examine the current state-of-the-science in the conceptualization of temperance, explore the efficacy of temperance interventions, and reflect upon what the future may hold in this research domain. In this paper, we first highlight the challenges and opportunities for expanding the theoretical conceptualization of temperance and reflect upon the challenges in temperance-related PPIs. For each aspect of temperance, we propose a specific research agenda. Second, we explore what is needed for PPIs to promote temperance and how growth in temperance intervention research can be fostered. Generally, while forgiveness interventions are well established, we recommended that both humility and patience interventions need more viable evidence-based research on existing and new interventions. Third, we advanced several recommendations regarding how to promote more research in new interventions. These recommendations included attracting more funders to the area, developing new interventions, and employing new technology. Because intervention research in temperance is in its infancy, the future looks rosy for PPI researchers as we move into a second generation of positive psychology research.

Increasing treatment enrollment among smokers who are not motivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Vinci ◽  
Cho Lam ◽  
Chelsey R Schlechter ◽  
Yusuke Shono ◽  
Jennifer I Vidrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
Holistic Counseling

Abstract There is a significant research-to-practice gap with respect to reaching underserved populations with evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments. Increasing enrollment in evidence-based treatments is necessary to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related health inequities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether Motivation And Problem Solving (MAPS), a flexible, holistic counseling/navigation approach delivered via phone, and proactive provision of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) would improve Quitline enrollment among a sample of low SES smokers who were not motivated to quit. In a 3×2 factorial design, cigarette smokers (N = 603) were randomized to one of six treatment conditions (Standard Treatment, MAPS-6, or MAPS-12 by NRT or no NRT). Results indicated that both MAPS-6 and MAPS-12 increased Quitline enrollment compared to Standard Treatment (ps < .03). There were no differences between MAPS conditions. NRT did not increase Quitline enrollment. MAPS is an effective intervention with the potential to be disseminated and implemented in healthcare and community settings to increase the reach of evidence-based interventions for tobacco cessation.

Refining Evidence-Based Treatments for Late-Life Depression

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Grace C. Niu ◽  
Patricia A. Arean
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Evidence Based Treatments

The recent increase in the aging population, specifically in the United States, has raised concerns regarding treatment for mental illness among older adults. Late-life depression (LLD) is a complex condition that has become widespread among the aging population. Despite the availability of behavioral interventions and psychotherapies, few depressed older adults actually receive treatment. In this paper we review the research on refining treatments for LLD. We first identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for LLD and the problems associated with efficacy and dissemination, then review approaches to conceptualizing mental illness, specifically concepts related to brain plasticity and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc). Finally, we introduce ENGAGE as a streamlined treatment for LLD and discuss implications for future research.

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