Care and Disability: Friends or Foes

2020 ◽  
pp. 415-431
Author(s):  
Eva Feder Kittay
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Care Theory ◽  
Normative Ethic ◽  
Disability Theory

This chapter argues that critical disability theory and an ethics of care, rather than offering opposing ways to think about disability, can be allies in crafting a theoretical foundation for providing care and assistance for disabled people. It recognizes the importance of taking seriously objections to care theory and to thinking of disabled people as dependents. Yet it urges that disability theorists forgo adopting the dominant liberal conceptions of the value of independence and the stigma of dependence and embrace a robust fully normative ethic of care that is compatible with the rights and dignity of disabled people.

Bioethics, Disability, and Selective Reproductive Technology

2018 ◽  
pp. 729-743
Author(s):  
Christian Munthe
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Identity Studies ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
Disability Identity ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Publicly Supported

This chapter explores disability-based criticism against what is here called selective reproductive technology (SRT) such as prenatal screening programs in light of recent calls for disability theory, as well as political activism based on that, to accommodate for an intersectional turn across all types of critical social identity studies (class, disability, gender, LGBT, queer, race, etc.). Applying intersectionality to the disability SRT critique generates complex and provoking implications, not invalidating it but radically transforming its shape and direction. Most notably, it inserts a wedge between the identity-based experience that SRT unjustly discriminates and oppresses disabled people and the identity political call for SRT programs to be shut down or at least not publicly supported. Intersectionality steers the justification toward politically addressing structural factors explaining injustice independently of identity-based experience, and SRT programs may have to be allowed for such action to be sustainable also from a disability identity standpoint.

Designing with care

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Robinson ◽  
Maha Al-Freih ◽  
Whitney Kilgore
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Theory ◽  
Course Experience ◽  
Caring Relations

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore how care theory and the ethics of care are explained by students in the online environment to clarify the factors that are more relevant in establishing and maintaining caring relations in online learning context.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing naturalistic inquiry, the researchers interviewed online students and coded transcripts using multiple coding methods within two phases of analysis. Noddings' framework for ethics of care was utilized to identify strategies and practices that enhance each of Noddings' elements in an online course experience.FindingsThe findings of this exploratory study provide evidence on how learners perceive being cared for and highlight specific instructor behaviors and course design elements that support the emergence and maintenance of a climate of care in an online learning environment. Indicators of all four elements of Noddings' framework were present in the interviews. Within the themes of each element, strategies and practices to enhance each element in an online course experience are further explained.Research limitations/implicationsEstablishing a climate of care, whether in traditional or online learning, leads to more inclusive learning experiences that are responsive to the needs of all learners. This study brought to light some of the factors that are more relevant in establishing and maintaining caring relations in online learning context.Originality/valueThe findings of this study add to the literature on the role of emotions in an online learning as viewed through the lens of care theory. The findings highlight some strategies and behaviors that promote a climate of care in an online environment from a learner's perspective.

Giving from the heart: exploring how ethics of care emerges in corporate social responsibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Formentin ◽  
Denise Bortree
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Sport Organizations ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine philanthropic partnerships between donor organizations and nonprofits and how ethics of care may play an important role in the quality of relationship between the partners.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 29 in-depth interviews were conducted with communications professionals at nonprofit organizations to understand how their partnerships with national sport organizations benefited their organizations and how characteristics of the sport organizations’ communication and behavior have consequence for their partners.FindingsThe four dimensions of ethics of care (building trust, showing mutual concern, promoting human flourishing and responsiveness to needs) clearly emerged as the most beneficial ways sport organizations engage with their nonprofit partners.Research limitations/implicationsThis study introduces the concept of ethic of care into the CSR literature and suggests that ethics of care may play an important role in relationship management with key publics.Practical implicationsPractically, this study offers insights for corporate partners about the way their communication and behavior influence nonprofits, and it suggests ways that corporations can improve their work with partners to create a more productive relationship.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to use ethics of care to examine the relationship of CSR partnerships and the first to conduct a study with sport organizations.

scholarly journals Organising food differently: Towards a more-than-human ethics of care for the Anthropocene

Organization ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Beacham
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food System ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Community Supported Agriculture ◽  
Alternative Food Networks ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Ethics

In this article, I consider how organisations within ‘Alternative’ Food Networks might help us to enact a more-than-human ethic of care in the Anthropocene. Drawing on the diverse economies framework of J.K. Gibson-Graham (2006a, 2006b) as well as readings in the feminist ethics of care literature, I explore an ethnographic study of three community supported agriculture schemes in the north-west of England. While there has been surprisingly little scholarly work linking food and the Anthropocene, much more has been made of the relationship between the food system and Anthropogenic processes of climate change. The orthodox responses to the problems that climate change may bring about are undergirded by Hobbesian visions and the perceived viability of instrumental, technocratic ‘fixes’ that are, for many reasons, worthy of critique. Broadening our viewpoint, and recognising that the Anthropocene and climate change require different responses, I argue that AFNs can provide a more hopeful perspective in how we might understand our existence within a more-than-human world. Rather than reading AFNs through analytical binaries as either reformist or radical entities merely confronting the ills of the food system, I develop an account that instead understands them as open-ended and tantalisingly different forms of organisation (Stock et al., 2015b) that can play a central role in fostering a more-than-human ethics of care for the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals Dividing Responsibility for Care: Tracing the Ethics of Care in Local Care Strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Tiina Sihto
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Care Policies ◽  
Research Questions

This article analyses local care policies through the lens of the feminist ethics of care. The focus is on the normative understandings regarding care that emerge in local care strategy documents and how these understandings relate with the concept of ‘responsibility’. In this article, strategies published by the municipality of Jyväskylä, Finland, between the years 2008 and 2016, are analysed using Trace analysis. The research questions are: How is the division of responsibility regarding care among different actors constructed in the strategies? How do the roles assigned to these different actors accord with the principles of ethics of care? The findings show that the documents emphasise individual responsibility in managing risks related to old age, as the norms of local societal institutions are largely detached from the principles of ethics of care. The analysis also reveals the absence of gender and human frailty from the care strategy documents. Rethinking the strategies through the lens of the ethic of care would mean reconceptualising responsibility as relational.

scholarly journals Between truth and respect – towards an ethics of care in journalism

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Camponez
Keyword(s):  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Alternative Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article seeks to explore the contributions of an ethic of care for journalism. Far from refusing the objectivity paradigm, the ethics of care emphasizes the role of journalism in its engagement with the public sphere and democracy, stressing the social responsibility dimension based on respect for the different stakeholders in the complex process of information: the subject who informs, the public and the information sources; journalism as a professional culture. This perspective can be a response to the contradictions that we find across the normative field of journalism, tightly placed between the paradigm of objectivity, freedom of speech and the market demands. In a communication where the logics of commodification, entertainment and audiences prevail, the ethics of care based on respect can become an alternative response towards a new public contract and journalism’s credibility.

Can quality from a care ethical perspective be assessed? A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther E Kuis ◽  
Gijs Hesselink ◽  
Anne Goossensen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Care Theory ◽  
Different Types

Background: Ethics-of-care theories contain important notions regarding the quality of care; however, until now, concrete translations of the insights into instruments are lacking. This may be a result of the completely different type of epistemology, theories and concepts used in the field of quality of care research. Objectives: Both the fields of ‘ethics of care’ and ‘quality of care’ aim for improvement of care; therefore; insights could possibly meet by focusing on the following question: How could ethics-of-care theories contribute to better quality in care at a measurement level? This study reviews existing instruments with the aim of bridging this gap and examines the evidence of their psychometric properties, feasibility and responsiveness. Research design: A systematic search of the literature was undertaken using multiple electronic databases covering January 1990 through May 2012. Method and findings: Of the 3427 unique references identified, 55 studies describing 40 instruments were selected. Using a conceptual framework, an attempt was made to distinguish between related concepts and to group available instruments measuring different types of concepts. A total of 13 instruments that reflect essential aspects of ethics-of-care theory were studied in greater detail, and a quality assessment was conducted. Conclusion: Three promising qualitative instruments were found, which follow the logic of the patient and take their specific context into account.

Employment in Northern Ireland's Civil Service: Social Barriers and Hyperbole Mean Disabled Need Not Apply

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us

The representation of people with disabilities in the Northern Ireland Civil Service (NICS) is approximately 44% less than that seen in the civil services of the United States (US) and Great Britain (GB; i.e., the United Kingdom sans Northern Ireland). Various proactive approaches to employing people with disabilities are cited for the success of the US and GB's efforts to increase the representation of disabled people in their civil services. This is important because governments as employers can be the catalyst for large-scale social change. The US and GB governments have demonstrated an intention to be this catalyst. They have done this by (a) establishing goals for the hiring of disabled people; (b) naming executives responsible for reaching these hiring goals; (c) utilising special hiring authorities; (d) executing guaranteed interview schemes; and (e) applying regulations and laws designed to employ and protect people with disabilities. These activities could be adopted in Northern Ireland (NI) to address the current inequalities in the NICS. However, the question remains whether a government that believes it has achieved disability equality in its civil service, despite comparators that say otherwise, can or will make such a concerted effort. An analysis of over 60 US, GB, and NI government and assembly documents, reports, and laws are examined and compared through the lens of critical disability theory (CDT) to identify the disconnect between the representations and the reality of figures presented about the inclusion of those with disabilities in the NICS.

Patient Case Formulations and Oppressive Disability Discourses in Occupational Therapy Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110058
Author(s):  
Marie-Lyne Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Occupational Therapy Education ◽  
Disability Theory ◽  
Crip Theory ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Therapy Education ◽  
Radical Shift

Background. Patient case formulations have become a standard feature in occupational therapy (OT) education. Despite their demonstrated benefits in optimizing student learning, patient case formulations may unintentionally convey oppressive disability discourses. Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate and invite critical reflection on the use of patient case formulations in reinforcing ableist discourses and assumptions in OT education and practice. Key Issues. Through the lens of critical disability theory and Crip theory, the author demonstrates how patient case formulations are often reflective of institutionalized ableism that functions to support oppressive disability discourses in the profession, contributing to harmful healthcare practices. Implications. The ongoing use of patient case formulations rooted in oppressive disability discourses perpetuates oppressive constructions of disabled people in OT education and practice. A radical shift towards pedagogical materials and practices that support identity-affirming disability discourses would be more aligned with the profession’s expressed values.

Normative stakeholder theory in relation to ethics of care

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilke Oruc ◽  
Muammer Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Feminist Ethic ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Business Enterprises

PurposeThis study aims at presenting a normative approach in adaptation of the ethics of care approach and stakeholder theory. Therefore, it seeks to present a point‐of‐view regarding the related issues.Design/methodology/approachThe study focuses on a theory‐based integration process, since it is designed on a normative basis and the current studies dealing with “ethic of care theory” still have some problems in practical terms.FindingsIt is observed that ethics of care and stakeholder theory are getting more and more interrelated due to established networks and available common points. As a subfield of feminist ethic, ethics of care can be used to clarify moral principles lying behind these relationships. From another point of view, the discussion regarding the feminization of business enterprises focuses on the idea that such discussions involving the principles lying behind feminist ethics can provide an advantage for the companies in terms of competition. In addition, ethics of care is expected to contribute to stakeholder theory to a great extent.Research limitations/implicationsThe related literature includes a rather limited number of studies conducted on this research topic. The available research explains some relationships on a normative basis. Therefore, the current study is expected to contribute to the expansion of such research in the field.Practical implicationsDespite the presence of studies in the field, there is still a limitation in putting the findings of studies into practice. Since the country where the current study is conducted still suffers from ambiguities regarding the definitions of concepts and it is very difficult to find business enterprises appreciating feminist values, although they are taught to adopt philanthropy applications, the study is limited to a normative point‐of‐view regarding the issues.Originality/valueThe scope of the study is expected to contribute to a great extent to the integration of feminist ethic and stakeholder theory. Similarly, it will encourage further studies on the issue.

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