scholarly journals The Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Language Production ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
The Many ◽  
Key Techniques ◽  
The Brain

Neurolinguistics is a young and highly interdisciplinary field, with influences from psycholinguistics, psychology, aphasiology, (cognitive) neuroscience, and many more. The scope and aim of this new Oxford Handbook of Neurolinguistics is to provide students and scholars with concise overviews of the state of the art in particular topic areas, and to engage a broad audience with an interest in the neurobiology of language. The chapters do not attempt to provide exhaustive coverage, but rather present discussions of prominent questions posed by a given topic. Part I covers the key techniques and technologies used to study the neurobiology of language today. Part II addresses the neurobiology of language acquisition during healthy development and in response to challenges presented by congenital and acquired conditions. Part III covers the many facets of the articulate brain, and its capacity for language production: written, spoken, and signed. Questions regarding how the brain comprehends meaning, including emotions, at word and discourse levels are addressed in Part IV. The final Part V reaches into broader territory, characterizing and contextualizing the neurobiology of language with respect to more fundamental neuroanatomical mechanisms and general cognitive domains.

scholarly journals Visual stability

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1564) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Visual Stability ◽  
Retinal Motion ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Our vision remains stable even though the movements of our eyes, head and bodies create a motion pattern on the retina. One of the most important, yet basic, feats of the visual system is to correctly determine whether this retinal motion is owing to real movement in the world or rather our own self-movement. This problem has occupied many great thinkers, such as Descartes and Helmholtz, at least since the time of Alhazen. This theme issue brings together leading researchers from animal neurophysiology, clinical neurology, psychophysics and cognitive neuroscience to summarize the state of the art in the study of visual stability. Recently, there has been significant progress in understanding the limits of visual stability in humans and in identifying many of the brain circuits involved in maintaining a stable percept of the world. Clinical studies and new experimental methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, now make it possible to test the causal role of different brain regions in creating visual stability and also allow us to measure the consequences when the mechanisms of visual stability break down.

scholarly journals L3 acquisition: A focus on cognitive approaches

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA DEL PILAR GARCÍA MAYO ◽  
JORGE GONZÁLEZ ALONSO
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Cognitive Economy ◽  
L3 Acquisition ◽  
The Many

Interest in third language (L3) acquisition has increased exponentially in recent years, due to its potential to inform long-lasting debates in theoretical linguistics, language acquisition and psycholinguistics. From the very beginning, researchers investigating child and adult L3 acquisition have considered the many diverse cognitive factors that constrain and condition the initial state and development of newly acquired languages, and their models have duly evolved to incorporate insights from the most recent findings in psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics and cognitive psychology. The articles in this Special Issue of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, in dealing with issues such as age of acquisition, attrition, relearning, cognitive economy or the reliance on different memory systems – to name but a few – provide an accurate portrayal of current inquiry in the field, and are a particularly fine example of how instrumental research in language acquisition and other cognitive domains can be to each other.

Handbook of neurolinguistics. B. Stemmer and H. A. Whitaker (Eds.). San Diego: Academic, 1998. Pp. 788.

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-559
Author(s):  
Edgar B. Zurif
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
San Diego ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Many

Of the cognitive neuroscience handbooks recently published, this, to my knowledge, is the only one that is entirely devoted to the neurology of language. In the editors' words, it is “intended as a state-of-the-art reference and resource book describing current research and theory in the many subfields of neurolinguistics and their clinical applications.” It is intended for “the newcomer to the field, as well as the expert.”

New FMRI Methods for the Study of Language

2018 ◽  
pp. 974-991
Author(s):  
Roel M. Willems ◽  
Marcel A. J. van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Important Message ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The Brain

The use of various techniques for measuring brain activation has led to a dramatic increase in knowledge about how the brain is involved in language. One of these techniques is functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This chapter describes ways of analyzing data that take away some of the classical limitations of fMRI. One important message from the chapter is that improved analysis techniques allow for the use of more naturalistic and continuously presented stimuli like spoken narratives or movies, than was considered possible before. Part 1 describes how some traditional limitations of fMRI for language research can relatively easily be overcome. In part 2, state-of-the-art approaches for the analysis of fMRI data are examined. It is intended that the description of these techniques will be inspirational for those who want to perform cognitive neuroscience studies of language, most notably at the level of discourse.

scholarly journals Sobre linguagem, cognição e cérebro: Uma entrevista com Peter Hagoort

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (45) ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
Brigitte L.M Bauer ◽  
Mailce Borges Mota
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Language Faculty ◽  
Founding Director ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Human Language Faculty

Managing Director of the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, founding Director of the Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (DCCN, 1999), and professor of Cognitive Neuroscience at Radboud University, all located in Nijmegen, the Netherlands, PETER HAGOORT examines how the brain controls language production and comprehension. He was one of the first to integrate psychological theory and models from neuroscience in an attempt to understand how the human language faculty is instantiated in the brain.

The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Made In

This book examines the young science of psycholinguistics, which attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. This book brings together the views of seventy-five leading researchers to provide a review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development, and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics.

scholarly journals A brain-based model of language instruction: from theory to practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Iranmanesh ◽  
Mehry Haddad Narafshan ◽  
Mohammad Golshan
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Second Language Instruction ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
L2 Learning ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
The Brain

Background: A recent trend in second language acquisition and learning has been oriented towards brain-based studies and its association with brain development and plasticity. There are currently unprecedented opportunities for contemporary understanding of the neurological basis of second language (L2) learning owing to recent advances in cognitive neuroscience. Brain functional and structural investigations have contributed remarkably to biological explanations of language acquisition in addition to behavioral explorations. Methods: This study used a meta-analysis of previous findings of functional neuroimaging studies to elucidate the neuroanatomy of language learning from a functional perspective. By synthesizing existing literature, brain activation areas associated with different language learning skills and their convergence and overlap with other areas of activation for other cognitive and motor skills are extracted to reveal consistent functional areas of the brain. The current study attempts to link psycholinguistic research and cognitive neuroscience in the mediation of L2 learning and teaching. This review paper begins with a theoretical view of brain structure and function and concludes with a practical model of brain-based language instruction, resulting in a deeper understanding of the field. Results: Organized, conjoining cognitive neuroscience findings and L2 acquisition and learning approaches provide an opportunity for collaboration in cross-disciplinary studies. They provide new insights into how our brain represents languages. This article reviews recent advancements in our understanding of the brain; structural and functional organization of the brain; the role the brain plays in emotion, cognition, and development; and its consequent implication in language instruction. In effect, taking neurocognitive findings into account may have potential in developing brain-based tasks for the benefit of second language instruction in educational settings. Based on the revealed structural and functional areas of the brain and their networks of connection and interaction, manipulating areas of demanded activity may be as efficient as doing physical exercise to strengthen muscles. Conclusion: Developing a systematic model of second language instruction compatible with brain functions and patterns can benefit the rate and proficiency of language learners, thus improving language teaching and learning outcomes. This paper will aid the quest for utilizing general information of brain functions and related methods in developing practical, efficient language instruction as well as enhancing interdisciplinary research studies in both language and cognitive neuroscience.

scholarly journals Is There a Brain Microbiome?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 263310552110187
Author(s):  
Christopher D Link
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Numerous studies have identified microbial sequences or epitopes in pathological and non-pathological human brain samples. It has not been resolved if these observations are artifactual, or truly represent population of the brain by microbes. Given the tempting speculation that resident microbes could play a role in the many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases that currently lack clear etiologies, there is a strong motivation to determine the “ground truth” of microbial existence in living brains. Here I argue that the evidence for the presence of microbes in diseased brains is quite strong, but a compelling demonstration of resident microbes in the healthy human brain remains to be done. Dedicated animal models studies may be required to determine if there is indeed a “brain microbiome.”

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