Historical Construction of the State in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Brachet-Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Historical Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Wave

This article divides the history of the scholarship on state formation (SF) in Latin America into four waves, which began in the 1980s with narratives on the structural features of state apparatuses. A second wave, which took off in the 1990s, brings out the national, subnational, and local historical dynamics of SF. A third wave of recent works focuses on the historical roots of the bellic, administrative, and fiscal capacities of states in Latin America as unfavorably compared with those of early modern European states. The last section lays out the latest efforts to critically examine and reinterpret previous debates and findings and to go beyond them while incorporating the valuable information and insights they have accumulated over the years.

Feminism and Early Modern Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Early Modern Philosophy ◽  
Early Modern Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women Philosophers ◽  
Second Wave

This chapter offers an account of the history and central issues in feminist philosophical engagements with early modern philosophy. The chapter describes a “first wave” of feminist scholarship on early modern philosophy, beginning around the 1990s, that involved examining the work of canonical male philosophers from a feminist perspective, as well as a “second wave” that focuses on the early modern women philosophers themselves. Projects involved in this second wave include (1) explaining why and how these works dropped out of view in the first place; (2) finding, editing, translating (when necessary), and publishing neglected or lost writings; (3) contextualizing, analyzing, and critiquing these works; and (4) theorizing about and experimenting with ways to integrate these works into narratives of the history of philosophy. The chapter ends with discussion of an emerging “third wave” of opportunities for publishing, presenting at conferences, and teaching about these women philosophers.

State Musical Populisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-138
Author(s):  
Pablo Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Cultural Activism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses

This chapter shows the emergence of a regional sense of Latin America as part of the musical pedagogy of the nationalist states at the peak of the state-building efforts to organize, through a variety of instruments of cultural activism, what at the time were called “the masses.” It analyzes particularly the cases of Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina—the three largest countries of the time in population and economic development—from the 1910s through the 1950s. It proposes a comparative history of Latin American musical populisms, focusing in particular on policies of music education, broadcasting, censorship, and experiences of state-sponsored collective singing.

Presidential Term Limits in Latin America: c.1820–1985

2019 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Leiv Marsteintredet
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic Rule

Latin America holds a 200-year-long history of presidential constitutions. The region’s constitutional and democratic experimentation throughout history makes it an interesting laboratory to study the origins, development, and effects of presidential term limits. Based primarily on data from constitutions, this chapter provides an overview of presidential term limits in Latin America from independence until 1985. The chapter shows how term limits have varied across countries and time, and that the implementation of strict term limits often came as a reaction to prior dictatorial rules. Whereas both proponents and critics of consecutive reelection invoked arguments of democracy in their favour, the Latin American experience up until the Third Wave of Democracy shows that stable, republican, and democratic rule has only been possible under a ban on immediate presidential re-election.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. V. Fesko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of

This chapter introduces the topic of the history of the early modern Reformed doctrine of the covenant of works. It first defines the doctrine and then provides a state of the question through a survey of relevant secondary literature. After the state of the question, the chapter states the book’s main aim, which is to present an overview of the origins, development, and reception of the covenant of works. In contrast to critics of the doctrine, this book stands within another strand of historiography that sees the covenant of works as a legitimate development of ideas present in the early church, middle ages, and Reformation periods. The chapter then lays out the topics of each of following chapters: the Reformation, Robert Rollock, Jacob Arminius, James Ussher, John Cameron and Edward Leigh, The Westminster Standards, the Formula Consensus Helvetica, Thomas Boston, and the Twentieth Century.

scholarly journals The Volatile State in Southeast Asia: Evidence from Sumatra, 1600–1800

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freek Colombijn
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
State Power ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
The State ◽  
Central State ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Clifford Geertz ◽  
State Capital

The communis opinio of historians is that early modern, or precolonial, states in Southeast Asia tended to lead precarious existences. The states were volatile in the sense that the size of individual states changed quickly, a ruler forced by circumstances moved his state capital, the death of a ruler was followed by a dynastic struggle, or a local subordinate head either ignored or took over the central state power; in short, states went through short cycles of rise and decline. Perhaps nobody has helped establish this opinion more than Clifford Geertz (1980) with his powerful metaphor of the “theatre state.” Many scholars have preceded and followed him in their assessment of the shakiness of the state (see, for example, Andaya 1992, 419; Bentley 1986, 292; Bronson 1977, 51; Hagesteijn 1986, 106; Milner 1982, 7; Nagtegaal 1996, 35, 51; Reid 1993, 202; Ricklefs 1991, 17; Schulte Nordholt 1996, 143–48). The instability itself was an enduring phenomenon. Most polities existed in a state of flux, oscillating between integration and disintegration, a phenomenon which was first analyzed for mainland Southeast Asia by Edmund Leach (1954) in his seminal work on the Kachin chiefdoms. This alternation of state formation and the breaking up of kingdoms has been called the “ebb and flow of power” and the “rhythm” of Malay history (Andaya and Andaya 1982, 35). In this article, I will probe into the causes of the volatility of the Southeast Asian states, using material from Sumatra to make my case.

V. State Formation and Transformation in Early Modern India and Southeast Asia

Itinerario ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
South And Southeast Asia ◽  
The One

Orthodox viewpoints on the formation and transformation of states in early modern (or late pre-colonial) South and Southeast Asia fall broadly into two strands. On the one hand, there are those who see the state as ephemeral, and essentially divorced from society in general.

Interlocking Patrimonialisms and State Formation in Qing China and Early Modern Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 636 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Julia Adams
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Ancien Régime

Familial power contributed to binding territories together and systematically severing them in both China and early modern European states. In the early Qing (1644–1911) Empire, Manchu conquerors met the challenges of securing and expanding rule by discovering ways to use laterally related brothers and imperial bondservants to hold Chinese bureaucrats in check, while deploying bureaucracy to restrain princely brothers from partitioning the state. The ensuing interlock of patrimonial practices and bureaucracy, developed in a style similar to ancien régime France, stabilized political power for centuries.

The Conquest of Death

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
State Formation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The Relationship

The Conquest of Death considers the concepts of violence and state power far more broadly and holistically than previous accounts of state growth by intertwining the national and the local, the formal and the informal to illustrate how the management of incidental acts of violence and justice was as important to the monopolization of violence as the creation of the machinery of warfare. It reveals how the creation and operation of everyday bureaucracy built systems of power far exceeding its original intent and allowed a greater centralized surveillance of daily life than ever before. In sum, this book forces us to think about state formation not in terms of the broad strokes of legislative policy and international competition, but rather as a process built by multiple tiny actions, interactions and encroachments which fundamentally redefined the nature of the state and the relationship between government and governed. The Conquest of Death thus provides a new approach to the history of state formation, the history of criminal justice and the history of violence in early modern England. By locating the creation of an effective, permanent monopoly of violence in England in the second-half of the sixteenth century, this book also provides a new chronology of the divide between medieval and modern while divorcing the history of state growth from a linear history of centralization.

The Formation of Capitalist Agriculture in Latin America and Its Relationship to Political Power and the State

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Winson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Social Structural

Among the various weaknesses that characterize much of the literature concerning political phenomena in Latin America, there are a few that appear to be fundamental. One serious criticism that could be made concerns the marked ahistoricity of many studies, exemplified by the tendency to take certain social structural features as given in this context, such as the existence of an oligarchy, a more or less undifferentiated impoverished mass, and a weak and politically insignificant middle class. This static and ahistorical consideration of structural phenomenon is directly related to a further weakness of such literature, this being the tendency to isolate political processes from what is in fact a dynamic socioeconomic reality, and thereby reduce the former to the interplay of more or less circumstantial factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document