Understanding Musical Instants

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Rolf Inge Godøy
Keyword(s):  
Music Perception ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sound Motion ◽  
Salient Features

We may typically experience music as continuous streams of sound and associated body motion, yet we may also perceive music as sequences of more discontinuous events, or as strings of chunks with multimodal sensations of sound and body motion, chunks that can be called ‘sound-motion objects’. The focus in this chapter is on how such sound-motion objects emerge at intermittent points in time called ‘musical instants’, and how musical instants are necessary in order to perceive salient features in music such as of timbre, pitch, texture, contour, and overall stylistic and affective features. The emergence of musical instants is also understood as based on the combined constraints of musical instruments, sound-producing body motion, and music perception, also suggesting that understanding musical instants may have practical applications in making music.

scholarly journals Constraint-Based Sound-Motion Objects in Music Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Inge Godøy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Control Constraints ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sound Motion ◽  
Generative Processes

The aim of this paper is to present principles of constraint-based sound-motion objects in music performance. Sound-motion objects are multimodal fragments of combined sound and sound-producing body motion, usually in the duration range of just a few seconds, and conceived, produced, and perceived as intrinsically coherent units. Sound-motion objects have a privileged role as building blocks in music because of their duration, coherence, and salient features and emerge from combined instrumental, biomechanical, and motor control constraints at work in performance. Exploring these constraints and the crucial role of the sound-motion objects can enhance our understanding of generative processes in music and have practical applications in performance, improvisation, and composition.

Towards a Poor Theatre in Brazil

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
David George
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Social Vision ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Recorded Music ◽  
The Military ◽  
Abstract Formulation

São Paulo's Grupo Macunaíma has established a paradigm for a unique form of poor theatre, which has had a marked influence on alternative troupes in Brazil attempting to break the commercial mould and to return to a social vision, lost during the darkest years of the military dictatorship. Grotowski's Towards a Poor Theatre outlines the abstract formulation and practical applications of the method he elaborated in his Polish Laboratory Theatre. The director-theoretician proposed first and foremost to overturn what he called rich theatre: a form of staging using ‘borrowed mechanisms’ from movies and television and expensive scenic technology. The Polish Laboratory was also an actor-centred theatre in which the stage was redesigned architecturally for each performance to allow the performers to interact with the audience and in which there were no naturalistic sets or props, no recorded music or sophisticated lighting. The actor, through a complex system of signs, continually created and recreated the meaning of text, constumes, set, and props. ‘By this use of controlled gesture the actor transforms the floor into a sea, a table into a confessional, a piece of iron into an animate partner, etc.’ (Poor Theatre, p. 21). Grotowski's plays were filled with costumes made of torn bags, bathtubs serving as altars, bunkbeds becoming mountains, hammers used as ‘musical’ instruments. ‘Each object must contribute not to the meaning but to the dynamic of the play; its value resides in its various uses.’ Other tenets of the Grotowski system germane to this study are a return to mythical and ritual roots, the theatrical remaking of classical works, and the collective basis of stagecraft.

Unstable Motion of a Floating Structure in Surface Waves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Yan ◽  
Yuming Liu ◽  
Yile Li
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Nonlinear Instability ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sum Frequency

Unstable resonant heave and pitch motions of a floating deep draft platform, under the action of a regular wave with the frequency equal to the sum of the heave and pitch natural frequencies, can be developed by nonlinear instability (Liu, Yan & Yung 2010). The instability is associated with difference-frequency interactions between the body motion and the ambient wave. In this work, we study the effect of the nonlinear instability upon floating platforms with relatively shallow drafts whose wave damping at heave/pitch natural frequencies may not be small. Direct time-domain numerical simulations of wave-structure interactions, which can take into account different levels of nonlinearity effects, are applied to understand the characteristics of the unstable coupled heave/pitch (or heave/roll) resonant motion and its dependence on the key physical factors. In particular, it is found that such a nonlinear instability at other wave conditions involving sum-frequency interactions between the body motion and the ambient wave can also occur. For practical applications, long-time nonlinear simulations with irregular waves are also performed. The results show that depending on the sea conditions and damping in the system, the unstable resonant motion associated with the nonlinear instability can be significant for platforms with shallow drafts.

scholarly journals A Review of Teaching Qualitative Research: Strategies for Engaging Emerging Scholars

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason DeHart
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Qualitative Work ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Depth And Complexity ◽  
The Way

This review highlights salient features of the book, Teaching Qualitative Research: Strategies for Engaging Emerging Scholars. The review notes the practical applications of the book, including the advice that the book’s authors offer about beginning research projects. Of particular note in the review is the way the authors balance a classroom introductory approach to qualitative work, while also giving attention to the depth and complexity of the methodologies that are used.

Sound-Motion Bonding in Body and Mind

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
Rolf Inge Godøy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Musical Sound ◽  
Motor Theory ◽  
Sound Motion

This chapter focuses on the links between sound and body motion in music. It can readily be observed that musical sound is produced by body motion and also triggers body motion in many contexts, meaning scholars have an inexhaustible supply of sound-motion bonding available for research. The main challenges here are to get an overview of the different kinds of sound-motion bonding at work in music, and to go deeper into the subjective experiences of sound-motion bonding. To this end, the chapter presents sound-motion bonding in a so-called motor theory perspective on perception, suggesting that whatever humans perceive of sound, motion, and/or visual features is spontaneously re-enacted in our minds, meaning active mental simulation of whatever it is that we are perceiving. This leads to the idea of sound-motion objects, entities that fuse sensations of sound and motion into salient and holistically perceived units in musical experience.

Melodic, Rhythmic, and Timbral Perception of Adult Cochlear Implant Users

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Gfeller ◽  
Charissa R. Lansing
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Perceptual Accuracy ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Music Audiation ◽  
Quality Rating ◽  
Instrument Quality

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate adult Ineraid and Nucleus cochlear implant (CI) users’ perceptual accuracy for melodic and rhythmic patterns, and quality ratings for different musical instruments. Subjects were 18 postlingually deafened adults with CI experience. Evaluative measures included the Primary Measures of Music Audiation (PMMA) and a Musical Instrument Quality Rating. Performance scores on the PMMA were correlated with speech perception measures, music background, and subject characteristics. Results demonstrated a broad range of perceptual accuracy and quality ratings across subjects. On these measures, performance for temporal contrasts was better than for melodic contrasts independent of CI device. Trends in the patterns of correlations between speech and music perception suggest that particular structural elements of music are differentially accessible to cochlear implant users. Additionally, notable qualitative differences for ratings of musical instruments were observed between Nucleus and Ineraid users

scholarly journals Thinking Sound and Body-Motion Shapes in Music: Public Peer Review of “Gesture and the Sonic Event in Karnatak Music” by Lara Pearson

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Rolfe Inge Godøy
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Vocal Music ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Sound Motion ◽  
Insight Into

<p>It seems that the majority of research on music-related body motion has so far been focused on Western music, so this paper by Lara Pearson on music-re&shy;lated body motion in Indian vocal music is a most welcome contribution to this field. But research on music-related body motion does present us with a number of chal&shy;lenges, ranging from issues of method to fundamental issues of perception and multi&shy;modal integration in music. In such research, thinking of perceptually salient fea&shy;tures in different modalities (sound, motion, touch, etc.) as shapes seems to go well with our cognitive apparatus, and also be quite practical in representing the fea&shy;tures in question. The research reported in this paper gives us an insight into how trac&shy;ing shapes by hand motion is an integral part of teaching Indian vocal music, and the approach of this paper also holds promise for fruitful future research.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Motor Constraints Shaping Musical Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolfe Inge Godøy
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Music ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Musical Sound ◽  
Perceptual Features ◽  
Motor Constraints

In recent decades, we have seen a surge in published work on embodied music cognition, and it is now broadly accepted that musical experience is intimately linked with experiences of body motion. It is also clear that music performance is not something abstract and without restrictions, but something traditionally (i.e., before the advent of electronic music) constrained by our possibilities for body motion. The focus of this paper is on these various constraints of sound-producing body motion that shape the emergent perceptual features of musical sound, as well as on how these constraints may enhance our understanding of agency in music perception.

scholarly journals A Passive, Skin-Attachable Multi-Sensing Patch Based on Semi-Liquid Alloy Ni-GaIn for Wireless Epidermal Signal Monitoring and Body Motion Capturing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2778
Author(s):  
Shipeng Lin ◽  
Jiming Fang ◽  
Tianchen Ye ◽  
Yan Tao ◽  
Shengshun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Sensor Interface Circuits ◽  
Signal Monitoring ◽  
Multiple Sensing ◽  
Motion Capturing

Wearable integrated systems that rely on liquid metal commonly require an extremely complicated, high-cost fabrication process, while lacking multiple sensing functions without conductive wires connected to external electronic systems. A multi-sensing wearable patch independent from sophisticated manufacturing method and excessive use of wires has yet to be developed. Herein, we introduce a wireless, battery-free, and skin-attachable patch with multiple sensing capacities, utilizing a low-budget, less time-consuming and design-customizable fabrication method. In an effort to achieve our goal, the general sensing system architecture is promoted, which consists of a semi-liquid alloy Ni-GaIn based strain sensor and a co-designed near-field-communication (NFC) tag integrating thermistor, photoresistor, as well as sensor interface circuits, enabling energy-autonomous power supply and wireless data transmission. In human volunteers, the patch was mounted on the skin surface to demonstrate real-time temperature and light intensity signal monitoring. Further evaluation of body motion capturing involved finger bending and swallowing, demonstrating the feasibility of practical applications in different scenarios. Continuous and simultaneous multi-type signal sensing using the wearable patch should enrich the dimensions of measurements of body response to daily activities, unveiling the potential for remote human health monitoring, advanced human–machine interfaces, and other applications of interest.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis between Cultural Differences and Normal Music Perception Based on Embedded Voice Multisensor

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhuo Wang ◽  
Zhenjiang Zhao ◽  
Lujia Wei
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Language Group ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
The Impact

In order to effectively improve the sense of difference brought by the extracorporeal machine to users and minimize the related derived problems, the implementation based on embedded multisensor has become a major breakthrough in the research of cochlear implant. To explore the impact of different cultural differences on timbre perception, effectively evaluate the correlation between cultural differences and music perception teaching based on embedded multisensor normal hearing, evaluate the discrimination ability of embedded multisensor normal hearing to music timbre, and analyse the correlation between cultural differences and timbre perception, it provides a basis for the evaluation of music perception of normal hearing people with embedded multisensor and the design and development of evaluation tool. In this paper, adults with normal hearing in different cultures matched with music experience are selected to test their recognition ability of different musical instruments and the number of musical instruments by using music evaluation software, and the recognition accuracy of the two tests is recorded. The results show that the accuracy of musical instrument recognition in the mother tongue group is 15% higher than that in the foreign language group, and the average recognition rates of oboe, trumpet, and xylophone in the foreign language group are lower than those in the mother tongue group, the recognition rate of oboe and trumpet in wind instruments was low in both groups, and the recognition rate of oboe and trumpet in foreign language group was high.

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