scholarly journals A Passive, Skin-Attachable Multi-Sensing Patch Based on Semi-Liquid Alloy Ni-GaIn for Wireless Epidermal Signal Monitoring and Body Motion Capturing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2778
Author(s):  
Shipeng Lin ◽  
Jiming Fang ◽  
Tianchen Ye ◽  
Yan Tao ◽  
Shengshun Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Sensor Interface Circuits ◽  
Signal Monitoring ◽  
Multiple Sensing ◽  
Motion Capturing

Wearable integrated systems that rely on liquid metal commonly require an extremely complicated, high-cost fabrication process, while lacking multiple sensing functions without conductive wires connected to external electronic systems. A multi-sensing wearable patch independent from sophisticated manufacturing method and excessive use of wires has yet to be developed. Herein, we introduce a wireless, battery-free, and skin-attachable patch with multiple sensing capacities, utilizing a low-budget, less time-consuming and design-customizable fabrication method. In an effort to achieve our goal, the general sensing system architecture is promoted, which consists of a semi-liquid alloy Ni-GaIn based strain sensor and a co-designed near-field-communication (NFC) tag integrating thermistor, photoresistor, as well as sensor interface circuits, enabling energy-autonomous power supply and wireless data transmission. In human volunteers, the patch was mounted on the skin surface to demonstrate real-time temperature and light intensity signal monitoring. Further evaluation of body motion capturing involved finger bending and swallowing, demonstrating the feasibility of practical applications in different scenarios. Continuous and simultaneous multi-type signal sensing using the wearable patch should enrich the dimensions of measurements of body response to daily activities, unveiling the potential for remote human health monitoring, advanced human–machine interfaces, and other applications of interest.

Wireless Interface Technologies for 3D IC and Module Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Kuroda ◽  
Wai-Yeung Yip
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Near Field ◽  
System Level ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
3D Ic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Reconfigurable Processors ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Wireless Interface

Synthesising fifteen years of research, this authoritative text provides a comprehensive treatment of two major technologies for wireless chip and module interface design, covering technology fundamentals, design considerations and tradeoffs, practical implementation considerations, and discussion of practical applications in neural network, reconfigurable processors, and stacked SRAM. It explains the design principles and applications of two near-field wireless interface technologies for 2.5-3D IC and module integration respectively, and describes system-level performance benefits, making this an essential resource for researchers, professional engineers and graduate students performing research in next-generation wireless chip and module interface design.

scholarly journals Asynchronous electric field visualization using an integrated multichannel electro-optic probe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Hisatake ◽  
Junpei Kamada ◽  
Yuya Asano ◽  
Hirohisa Uchida ◽  
Makoto Tojo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Horn Antenna ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Radiation Patterns ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Realistic Situation ◽  
Reference Probe

Abstract The higher the frequency, the more complex the scattering, diffraction, multiple reflection, and interference that occur in practical applications such as radar-installed vehicles and transmitter-installed mobile modules, etc. Near-field measurement in “real situations” is important for not only investigating the origin of unpredictable field distortions but also maximizing the system performance by optimal placement of antennas, modules, etc. Here, as an alternative to the previous vector-network-analyzer-based measurement, we propose a new asynchronous approach that visualizes the amplitude and phase distributions of electric near-fields three-dimensionally without placing a reference probe at a fixed point or plugging a cable to the RF source to be measured. We demonstrate the visualization of a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal (24 GHz ± 40 MHz, modulation cycle: 2.5 ms), and show that the measured radiation patterns of a standard horn antenna agree well with the simulation results. We also demonstrate a proof-of-concept experiment that imitates a realistic situation of a bumper installed vehicle to show how the bumper alters the radiation patterns of the FMCW radar signal. The technique is based on photonics and enables measuring in the microwave to millimeter-wave range.

Unstable Motion of a Floating Structure in Surface Waves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongmei Yan ◽  
Yuming Liu ◽  
Yile Li
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Nonlinear Instability ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sum Frequency

Unstable resonant heave and pitch motions of a floating deep draft platform, under the action of a regular wave with the frequency equal to the sum of the heave and pitch natural frequencies, can be developed by nonlinear instability (Liu, Yan & Yung 2010). The instability is associated with difference-frequency interactions between the body motion and the ambient wave. In this work, we study the effect of the nonlinear instability upon floating platforms with relatively shallow drafts whose wave damping at heave/pitch natural frequencies may not be small. Direct time-domain numerical simulations of wave-structure interactions, which can take into account different levels of nonlinearity effects, are applied to understand the characteristics of the unstable coupled heave/pitch (or heave/roll) resonant motion and its dependence on the key physical factors. In particular, it is found that such a nonlinear instability at other wave conditions involving sum-frequency interactions between the body motion and the ambient wave can also occur. For practical applications, long-time nonlinear simulations with irregular waves are also performed. The results show that depending on the sea conditions and damping in the system, the unstable resonant motion associated with the nonlinear instability can be significant for platforms with shallow drafts.

scholarly journals Research on Non-Contact Monitoring System for Human Physiological Signal and Body Movement

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiancheng Liang ◽  
Lisheng Xu ◽  
Nan Bao ◽  
Lin Qi ◽  
Jingjing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Radar System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Signal ◽  
Signal Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Devices

With the rapid increase in the development of miniaturized sensors and embedded devices for vital signs monitoring, personal physiological signal monitoring devices are becoming popular. However, physiological monitoring devices which are worn on the body normally affect the daily activities of people. This problem can be avoided by using a non-contact measuring device like the Doppler radar system, which is more convenient, is private compared to video monitoring, infrared monitoring and other non-contact methods. Additionally real-time physiological monitoring with the Doppler radar system can also obtain signal changes caused by motion changes. As a result, the Doppler radar system not only obtains the information of respiratory and cardiac signals, but also obtains information about body movement. The relevant RF technology could eliminate some interference from body motion with a small amplitude. However, the motion recognition method can also be used to classify related body motion signals. In this paper, a vital sign and body movement monitoring system worked at 2.4 GHz was proposed. It can measure various physiological signs of the human body in a non-contact manner. The accuracy of the non-contact physiological signal monitoring system was analyzed. First, the working distance of the system was tested. Then, the algorithm of mining collective motion signal was classified, and the accuracy was 88%, which could be further improved in the system. In addition, the mean absolute error values of heart rate and respiratory rate were 0.8 beats/min and 3.5 beats/min, respectively, and the reliability of the system was verified by comparing the respiratory waveforms with the contact equipment at different distances.

scholarly journals Terahertz Spectroscopy of Gas Absorption Using the Superconducting Flux-Flow Oscillator as an Active Source and the Superconducting Integrated Receiver

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7267
Author(s):  
Nickolay V. Kinev ◽  
Kirill I. Rudakov ◽  
Lyudmila V. Filippenko ◽  
Andrey M. Baryshev ◽  
Valery P. Koshelets
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Terahertz Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Thz Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Flux Flow ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Active Source ◽  
Integrated Receiver

We report on the first implementation of a terahertz (THz) source based on a Josephson flux-flow oscillator (FFO) that radiates to open space. The excellent performance of this source and its maturity for practical applications has been demonstrated by the spectroscopy of gas absorption. To study the radiated power, we used a bolometric detection method and additionally calibrated the power by means of pumping the superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) junction, integrated on a single chip with the FFO. For calibration, we developed a program using the SIS-detected power calculations in accordance with the Tien and Gordon model. The power emitted to open space is estimated to be from fractions of µW to several µW in the wide region from 0.25 THz up to 0.75 THz for different designs, with a maximum power of 3.3 µW at 0.34 THz. Next, we used a gas cell and a heterodyne superconducting integrated receiver to trace the absorption lines of water and ammonia with a spectral resolution better than 100 kHz. Our experiment for gas absorption is the first demonstration of the applicability of the FFO as an external active source for different tasks, such as THz spectroscopy, near-field THz imaging and microscopy.

scholarly journals Source Localization of EM Waves in the Near-Field of Spherical Antenna Array in the Presence of Unknown Mutual Coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Oluwole John Famoriji ◽  
Thokozani Shongwe
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Spherical Antenna

To obtain an antenna array with isotropic radiation, spherical antenna array (SAA) is the right array configuration. The challenges of locating signals transmitted within the proximity of antenna array have been investigated considerably in the literature. However, near-field (NF) source localization of signals has hitherto not been investigated effectively using SAA in the presence of mutual coupling (MC). MC is another critical problem in antenna arrays. This paper presents an NF range and direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation technique via the direction-independent and signal invariant spherical harmonics (SH) characteristics in the presence of mutual coupling. The energy of electromagnetic (EM) signal on the surface of SAA is captured successfully using a proposed pressure interpolation approach. The DoA estimation within the NF region is then calculated via the distribution of pressure. The direction-independent and signal invariant characteristics, which are SH features, are obtained using the DoA estimates in the NF region. We equally proposed a learning scheme that uses the source activity detection and convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the range of the NF source via the direction-independent and signal invariant features. Considering the MC problem and using the DoA estimates, an accurate spectrum peak in the multipath situation in conjunction with MC and a sharper spectrum peak from a unique MC structure and smoothing algorithms are obtained. For ground truth performance evaluation of the SH features within the context of NF localization, a numerical experiment is conducted and measured data were used for analysis to incorporate the MC and consequently computed the root mean square error (RMSE) of the source range and NF DoA estimate. The results obtained from numerical experiments and measured data indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition, these results are motivating enough for the deployment of the proposed method in practical applications.

scholarly journals Metadevices with Potential Practical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2651
Author(s):  
Yafei Li ◽  
Jiangtao Lv ◽  
Qiongchan Gu ◽  
Sheng Hu ◽  
Zhigang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Material Functions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Domains

Metamaterials are “new materials” with different superior physical properties, which have generated great interest and become popular in scientific research. Various designs and functional devices using metamaterials have formed a new academic world. The application concept of metamaterial is based on designing diverse physical structures that can break through the limitations of traditional optical materials and composites to achieve extraordinary material functions. Therefore, metadevices have been widely studied by the academic community recently. Using the properties of metamaterials, many functional metadevices have been well investigated and further optimized. In this article, different metamaterial structures with varying functions are reviewed, and their working mechanisms and applications are summarized, which are near-field energy transfer devices, metamaterial mirrors, metamaterial biosensors, and quantum-cascade detectors. The development of metamaterials indicates that new materials will become an important breakthrough point and building blocks for new research domains, and therefore they will trigger more practical and wide applications in the future.

scholarly journals Constraint-Based Sound-Motion Objects in Music Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Inge Godøy
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Control Constraints ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Sound Motion ◽  
Generative Processes

The aim of this paper is to present principles of constraint-based sound-motion objects in music performance. Sound-motion objects are multimodal fragments of combined sound and sound-producing body motion, usually in the duration range of just a few seconds, and conceived, produced, and perceived as intrinsically coherent units. Sound-motion objects have a privileged role as building blocks in music because of their duration, coherence, and salient features and emerge from combined instrumental, biomechanical, and motor control constraints at work in performance. Exploring these constraints and the crucial role of the sound-motion objects can enhance our understanding of generative processes in music and have practical applications in performance, improvisation, and composition.

scholarly journals Optically induced forces in scanning probe microscopy

Nanophotonics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana C. Kohlgraf-Owens ◽  
Sergey Sukhov ◽  
Léo Greusard ◽  
Yannick De Wilde ◽  
Aristide Dogariu
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Optical Force ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Force Detection ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Optically Induced

AbstractTypical measurements of light in the near-field utilize a photodetector such as a photomultiplier tube or a photodiode, which is placed remotely from the region under test. This kind of detection has many draw-backs including the necessity to detect light in the far-field, the influence of background propagating radiation, the relatively narrowband operation of photodetectors which complicates the operation over a wide wavelength range, and the difficulty in detecting radiation in the far-IR and THz. Here we review an alternative near-field light measurement technique based on the detection of optically induced forces acting on the scanning probe. This type of detection overcomes some of the above limitations, permitting true broad-band detection of light directly in the near-field with a single detector. The physical origins and the main characteristics of optical force detection are reviewed. In addition, intrinsic effects of the inherent optical forces for certain operation modalities of scanning probe microscopy are discussed. Finally, we review practical applications of optical force detection of interest for the broader field of the scanning probe microscopy.

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