A Strategic Approach to Industrial Hubs

2020 ◽  
pp. 875-913
Author(s):  
Arkebe Oqubay ◽  
Deborah M. Kefale
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Learning ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Learning As A Process

The experience of industrial hubs in Africa is characterized by unevenness and mixed outcomes. Most African countries did not start developing hubs until the late 1990s and 2000s, and most have been unsuccessful in driving sustained industrialization and structural transformation. Although relatively new to industrial hubs policies, Ethiopia has embraced active industrial policies in pursuit of its developmental goals, and this chapter examines its nascent experience and experiments on industrial hubs, linking with experiences elsewhere, and extracting lessons for policymakers and practitioners from both successes and failures. This chapter complements the other chapters on empirical evidence from Africa and illustrates the complex process faced by late latecomers of the twenty-first century. It underlines the centrality of the strategic approach to industrial hubs and its connection with the industrial policy framework. The focus is on policy learning as a process rather than on success as an outcome of what remains a work in progress.

Managing Trade through Productive Integration

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-265
Author(s):  
Richard Kozul-Wright ◽  
Piergiuseppe Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Export Strategy ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Trade And Investment

This chapter reviews the debates around trade and industrial policy and discusses how the composition of trade and investment flows, as well as the spread and form of participation in GVCs, affects structural transformation. It focuses on three characteristics that have been identified in the literature as critical to assessing the export structure of an economy and its potential to accelerate industrialization: the diversification of production, the level of sophistication of the exported products and upgrading of productive capacities/capabilities required to sustain the production and export of increasingly sophisticated goods, and the establishment of linkages within and across sectors. The chapter also discusses the critical components of a national export strategy which could support the insertion of national firms in international markets, adopt a strategic approach to attracting FDI and enable constant upgrading along global (and regional) value chains. Because, success comes not simply from shifting resources from primary activities to labour-intensive manufactures but also anticipating future challenges in these industries (as costs rise and new competitors emerge) and nurturing new linkages and more sophisticated products. An effective national export strategy depends on active industrial policies, targeted support for upgrading, and regional economic arrangements.

Entrepreneurship paradigm and economic renaissance in Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Moses Edoho
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
First Century ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
The Government

Purpose – This Guest Editorial provides contextual insight to the contributions in this special issue that addresses entrepreneurship and economic growth challenge confronting Africa. Although the contributors come from various academic disciplines and adopt different perspectives, they are united in their singularity of focus on entrepreneurship as a pathway for African future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The papers in this special issue adopt different methodological approaches that help to provide a composite insight to the multidimensional entrepreneurial challenges facing Africa. They review published materials from the government sources and international agencies. They draw heavily on the literature in the field of entrepreneurship. Findings – African countries have made significant progress in stimulating economic growth in recent years. However, they still have a long way to go in terms of institutionalizing entrepreneurial paradigm to foster self-regenerating development. Africa needs to do more by leveraging public policy for entrepreneurial development as a pathway for expanding economic opportunities and alleviating poverty. A policy framework designed to anchor entrepreneurial culture in the economy is a key to African economic renaissance in the twenty-first century. Originality/value – The originality and value of the papers in this issue hinge critically on the all too often ignored proposition that African countries need to embrace a proven approach to development that is both broad based and citizen driven. Entrepreneurial paradigm will empower citizens to take not only full responsibility, but more importantly inalienable ownership, of the development process. This is the only way to ensure that the ongoing much celebrated growth in Africa is sustainable.

Industrial Policy and Late Industrialization in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 604-629
Author(s):  
Arkebe Oqubay
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
First Century ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Ethiopian Government ◽  
Catch Up

Ethiopia has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa in the early twenty-first century. Despite rapid growth, structural transformation of the economy remains the country’s central challenge. This chapter reviews the origins of Ethiopia’s industrialization and industrial policymaking process in the twentieth century. The Ethiopian government has pursued developmentalism and practised an active industrial policy since the early 2000s. However, a review of industrial policies in priority sectors shows that the outcome has been uneven across sectors, indicating the importance of the interaction between industrial structure, linkage dynamics, and politics/political economy for the evolution and effectiveness of an industrial policy. After examining the fundamental weakness in Ethiopia’s economic structure, this chapter illustrates why and how industrial policy must focus on manufacturing and exports to generate structural transformation and accelerate catch-up. The Ethiopian experience shows that an activist industrial policy goes hand in hand with an activist state.

The Contribution of Foreign Direct Investment for Economic Growth of Ethiopia: Time Series Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addissie Melak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Integration Test

Economic growth of countries is one of the fundamental questions in economics. Most African countries are opening their economies for welcoming of foreign investors. As such Ethiopia, like many African countries took measures to attract and improve foreign direct investment. The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of foreign direct investment (FDI) for economic growth of Ethiopia over the period of 1981-2013. The study shows an overview of Ethiopian economy and investment environment by the help of descriptive and econometric methods of analysis to establish empirical investigation for the contribution of FDI on Ethiopian economy. OLS method of time series analysis is employed to analyse the data. The stationary of the variables have been checked by using Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) Unit Root test and hence they are stationery at first difference. The co- integration test also shows that there is a long run relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Accordingly, the finding of the study shows that FDI, GDP per capita, exchange rate, total investment as percentage of GDP, inflow of FDI stock, trade as percentage of GDP, annual growth rate of GDP and liberalization of the economy have positive impact on Ethiopian GDP. Whereas Gross fixed domestic investment, inflows of FDI and Gross capital formation influence economic growth of Ethiopia negatively. This finding suggests that there should be better policy framework to attract and improve the volume of FDI through creating conducive environment for investment.

Ummah’s Rights or Human Rights? Universalism, Individualism, and Islamic Ethics in the Twenty-first Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Luisa Frick
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Against the background of the trend of Islamizing human rights on the one hand, as well as increasing skepticism about the compatibility of Islam and human rights on the other, I intend to analyze the potential of Islamic ethics to meet the requirements for vitalizing the idea of human rights. I will argue that the compatibility of Islam and human rights cannot be determined merely on the basis of comparing the specific content of the Islamic moral code(s) with the rights stipulated in the International Bill of Rights, but by scanning (different conceptions of) Islamic ethics for the two indispensable formal prerequisites of any human rights conception: the principle of universalism (i.e., normative equality) and individualism (i.e., the individual enjoyment of rights). In contrast to many contemporary (political) attempts to reconcile Islam and human rights due to urgent (global) societal needs, this contribution is solely committed to philosophical reasoning. Its guiding questions are “What are the conditions for deriving both universalism and individualism from Islamic ethics?” and “What axiological axioms have to be faded out or reorganized hierarchically in return?”

Of Promise and Peril: Doctoral Study in Public Administration in the 21st Century

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
John R Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Faculty Member ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Recent Graduate

The author, a recent graduate of the Doctor in Public Administration program, shares his thoughts about what it means to study public administration in the twenty-first century. He hopes his insights, born out of more than a forty year-long career in the field—decades of work in colleges and universities as a faculty member, dean, provost, vicepresident, and acting president, as well as his extensive experience in teaching public administration at the graduate and undergraduate levels—will help doctoral students in their academic pursuits. More specifically, he hopes that his remarks will make Ph.D. students think more deeply about the promise of their endeavors and, on the other hand, give them advance warning about perils of the process and ways to avoid them.

Empire after Liberalism: The Transatlantic Right and Identitarian War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHER VIALS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
American Studies ◽  
White Male ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphic Novel ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The One

American studies has developed excellent critiques of post-1945 imperial modes that are grounded in human rights and Enlightenment liberalism. But to fully gauge US violence in the twenty-first century, we also need to more closely consider antiliberal cultural logics. This essay traces an emergent mode of white nationalist militarism that it calls Identitarian war. It consists, on the one hand, of a formal ideology informed by Identitarian ethno-pluralism and Carl Schmitt, and, on the other, an openly violent white male “structure of feeling” embodied by the film and graphic novel 300, a key source text for the transatlantic far right.

Industrial Policy and Local Economic Transformation: Evidence From the U.S. Rust Belt

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124242110228
Author(s):  
Ben Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
State And Local

State and local governments frequently invest in policies aimed at stimulating the growth of new industries, but studies of industrial policy and related economic development initiatives cast doubt on their effectiveness. This article examines the role of state-level industrial policies in contributing to the different economic trajectories of two U.S. metro areas—Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio—as they adapted to the decline of their legacy industries. Comparative case studies show that industrial policies in Pittsburgh, which empowered research universities as local economic leaders, contributed to the transformation of the local economy. In Cleveland, by contrast, state industrial policies invested in making incremental improvements, particularly in legacy sectors. The article concludes that by empowering new local economic actors—such as universities—industrial policies can foment political change that enables structural economic change to follow.

Stability and Governability the Benign Effects of Party Dominance in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-75
Author(s):  
Ainara Mancebo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
African National Congress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
African Countries ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Party Dominance

A tripartite alliance formed by the African National Congress, the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions has been ruling the country with wide parliamentarian majorities. The country remains more consensual and politically inclusive than any of the other African countries in the post-independence era. This article examines three performance’s aspects of the party dominance systems: legitimacy, stability and violence. As we are living in a period in which an unprecedented number of countries have completed democratic transitions, it is politically and conceptually important that we understand the specific tasks of crafting democratic consolidation.

Madness, virtue, and ecology: A classical Indian approach to psychiatric disturbance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512098224
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Psychiatric Disturbance ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Relationship

The Caraka Saṃhitā (ca. first century BCE–third century CE), the first classical Indian medical compendium, covers a wide variety of pharmacological and therapeutic treatment, while also sketching out a philosophical anthropology of the human subject who is the patient of the physicians for whom this text was composed. In this article, I outline some of the relevant aspects of this anthropology – in particular, its understanding of ‘mind’ and other elements that constitute the subject – before exploring two ways in which it approaches ‘psychiatric’ disorder: one as ‘mental illness’ ( mānasa-roga), the other as ‘madness’ ( unmāda). I focus on two aspects of this approach. One concerns the moral relationship between the virtuous and the well life, or the moral and the medical dimensions of a patient’s subjectivity. The other is about the phenomenological relationship between the patient and the ecology within which the patient’s disturbance occurs. The aetiology of and responses to such disturbances helps us think more carefully about the very contours of subjectivity, about who we are and how we should understand ourselves. I locate this interpretation within a larger programme on the interpretation of the whole human being, which I have elsewhere called ‘ecological phenomenology’.

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