Assessment of the representation of non-resource export priorities in the conceptual documents of the NWFD region

The problem of dependence of the Russian economy on raw materials remains. The growth of non-primary non-energy exports was approved as one of the priorities in Russia. Updating the national project increases the importance of its institutional support in legislation. The question arises of the sufficiency of institutional reflection of non-resource exports. The purpose of the article is to generalize approaches to the priorities of non-resource exports, to develop methodological tools and to assess the representation of the topic in conceptual documents on the example of the regions of the North-Western Federal District. The research methodology is based on the content analysis of documents using the Istio service. The basis of the study was the conceptual documents of the NWFD regions with export topics. The categories of non-primary exports are highlighted. The socio-economic Development Strategy is the main document approving the region’s non-resource exports. A research program and methodological support for assessing the representation of non-primary exports in documents have been developed. The differences in the institutional support of non-primary exports are revealed. Of the 11 regions, 8 contain a target indicator of non-primary non-energy exports. Kaliningrad and Murmansk oblasts are recommended to include it in the Strategy in order to form institutional support for overcoming the problem of commodity dependence. A classification of regional documents providing institutional support for the export strategy has been developed. For the first time, the assessment contains scientific novelty and can help to understand the need to form a scientific concept of non-resource exports.

The impact of pest risk management measures on trade: the case of apples from France and Chile

In this article, we investigate how pest risk management protocols may affect trade flows of fresh apples. We apply our analysis to two major players in the international trade of fresh apples: France and Chile. These two countries have been chosen because they are among the world’s leading apple exporters and although they have similar market shares, they differ in terms of destination markets, seasonality, local conditions and export strategy. In order to assess the impact of pest risk management protocols on international trade of apples from France and Chile, we introduce in a gravity equation beside the traditional variables, a score able to measure their complexity. The results are interesting in the sense that even if the score for France and Chile by main trading partners are rather close, we found that French apples exporters would be more impacted by pest risk management protocols than their Chilean counterparts.

Export resilience – A future key success factor for Upper Austrian B2B companies?

Motivation: Seeing Upper Austrian B2B companies struggle in keeping up their export business intensity and simultaneously accelerating the usage of digital communication and export channels, creates the starting point for an Export Resilience study in Upper Austria, an export-oriented region. The main motivation for implementing a study in this particular field was the creation of a pool of current key findings, ring-fenced by clear managerial implications and recommendations, which respond to future export trends emerging out of the study. Findings: An online questionnaire was sent out to exporting B2B companies which was completed by 173 respondents. The data provides insights in triggers of export resilience, insight in future export channels and differences in the export strategy of Upper Austrian B2B companies. For example, the survey has shown that 52% of the participating businesses can be classified as being „immune” to external influences. Further insights are given according to the change of digital export tools, the form of meetings and AI based export tools. Conclusion: Consequently, the extent to which the implementation of the export resilience study stimulated the dialogue between the academic and business community led to managerial recommendations for Austrian B2B export companies.

Strategy to Improve Corn Production and Export in Lampung Province

<p>The population of Lampung continues to increase and the rapid development of the industry causes the need for maize in this area to continue to increase as well. This paper provides alternative steps to increase the production and export of maize in Lampung Province. Maize production can be increased by increasing the harvest area by expanding the planted area to suboptimal untapped land, such as in Mesuji, Pesisir Barat, and West Lampung districts. Another effort that can be made to increase maize production is to apply an intercropping pattern on the same land. Another strategy is to increase productivity by using hybrid maize such as varieties NK-22, P-21, and Bisi-2, providing manure, balanced fertilizers, integrated pest and disease management (IPM), and application of post-harvest technology. Efforts to increase harvested area and productivity need to be continued to increase corn production sustainably. The strategy to increase exports is to increase production and reduce the need for corn for feed and other uses (other than foodstuffs). In this case, the corn that will be used for feed and other uses can be replaced by sorghum.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Corn, production, export, strategy</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>STRATEGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN EKSPOR JAGUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG</p><p>Jumlah penduduk Lampung yang terus meningkat dan perkembangan industri yang pesat menyebabkan kebutuhan jagung di daerah ini terus pula meningkat. Tulisan ini memberikan alternatif langkah-langkah peningkatan produksi dan ekspor jagung di Provinsi Lampung. Produksi jagung dapat ditingkatkan melalui penambahan luas panen dengan memperluas areal tanam ke lahan suboptimal yang belum dimanfaatkan, seperti di Kabupaten Mesuji, Pesisir Barat, dan Lampung Barat. Upaya lain yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung adalah menerapkan pola tumpangsari pada lahan yang sama. Strategi lainnya yaitu meningkatkan produktivitas dengan penggunaan jagung hibrida seperti varietas NK-22, P-21, dan Bisi-2, pemberian pupuk kandang, pupuk berimbang, pengelolaan hama dan penyakit secara terpadu (PHT), dan penerapan teknologi pascapanen. Upaya peningkatan luas panen dan produktivitas perlu diteruskan agar produksi jagung meningkat secara berkelanjutan. Strategi peningkatan ekspor yaitu dengan meningkatkan produksi dan mengurangi kebutuhan jagung untuk pakan dan penggunaan lain (selain bahan makanan). Dalam hal ini, jagung yang akan digunakan untuk pakan dan penggunaan lain dapat digantikan oleh sorgum.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Jagung, produksi, ekspor, strategi</p>

ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY STRATEGY FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE SLOWDOWN OF GLOBALIZATION (SLOWBALIZATION)

The article investigates a transition from globalization to its more restricted model called «slow stabilization» or «slowbalization» in the context of the most decisive challenge to economic diplomacy. The authors of this study identify the problems of globalization, outline possible causes and consequences, and consider the option of returning to comprehensive protectionism as a manifestation of the economic diplomacy of national economic systems in the context of globalization and «slowbalization». The novelty of this work is in using economic diplomacy, in the unique pandemic context, as a driver to support economic recovery, helping to define national and international policies and creating a strong network where government, embassies, consulates, agencies, institutions, companies and households can come together to achieve effective cooperation. The research concludes that economic diplomacy in general, and export promotion agencies in particular, encourage export promotion and trade growth. Authors establish that the strategy of economic diplomacy is the driver of recovery and can assist in the scenario of deceleration defining a clear export strategy, creating a large network that involves all actors and network of offices abroad to spread the exports policy, and employing a wide variety of instruments, such as bilateral, regional, and multilateral agreements.

Success Factors in the Internalisation of Export Companies in Colombia

Export success is one of the key aspect of economic growth of a country because it is the principle means of specialising, developing economies of scale, accessing new technologies and attracting foreign investment. For this reason, the significance of this topic has encouraged scientists to investigate the main factors that play a part in the development and application of successful export strategies. This article analyses the export success of Colombian businesses from the behaviour of variables at the business and sectoral levels. The research aims to characterise the relevant conditions affecting the entry of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into the foreign market, which can be useful for business owners who are in the process of internationalisation; they can also be considered as an instrument for developing policies promoting exports from Colombia. A multilevel model is estimated for a sample of Colombian businesses. We examined international experience, export commitment and export strategy as business factors that positively influence export success, as well as export assistance programmes, networks, tariff legislation, sector size and innovation as sectoral factors. It was concluded that the export destination, the country’s conditions and regulations should be examined before the beginning of the export process. However, Colombian exporters usually choose international destinations without such an analysis. In addition, government support through programmes and tariff legislation leads to greater business dynamism, favours entry into new markets and helps compensate negative results of international destinations.

Analysis of export potential of ukraine in the context of european integration

European integration opens wide opportunities for Ukraine to cooperate with developed European countries, strengthening its position in the international arena. Export potential is the potential ability of a country to export goods or services. Exports of goods and services to EU countries in 2020 were $ 21.9 billion (37.1% of total exports), including exports of goods – $ 18.6 billion, exports of services – $ 3.3 billion. Compared to 2019, exports of goods to EU countries de- creased by $ 2.1 billion (10.3%). The export structure is dominated by agriculture products, the food industry (35%), and the metallurgical complex (16.7%). The greatest exporters of Ukrainian goods were the following EU countries: Poland ($ 3.3 billion or 6.71% of total exports of goods), Germany ($ 2.1 billion or 4.27%), Italy ($ 1.9 billion or 3, 86%), the Netherlands ($ 1.8 billion or 3.66%), Hungary ($ 1.3 billion or 2.64%), Romania ($ 1.1 billion or 2.24%). The analysis of the export potential of Ukraine shows the raw material structure of exports. Integration into the EU market as a raw material supplement is dangerous for the country because it can consolidate technological dependence on developed countries. Increasing the share of goods with a high level of processing increase the stability of export income. Promising areas of exporting activity are science-intensive industries: electronics, production of automation, technical means for non-traditional types of energy, new types of materials, biotechnology, etc. To transition Ukraine to the exporting of knowledge-intensive innovative products and successfully enter world markets, the Export Strategy of Ukraine (Roadmap for Strategic Trade Development) has been developed, which identifies the following promising sectors: information and communication technologies, software development, creative services, tourism, maintenance and repair of aircraft, production of spare parts and components for the aerospace and aviation industries, mechanical engineering, food industry. Sectors are grouped into clusters. An individual sectoral strategy is developed for each sector. Key words: export, export potential, European integration, goods, competitive advantages, market, sector.

From Manufacturing-Led Export Growth to a Twenty-First Century Inclusive Growth Strategy

Success in economic development over the past half-century was based on manufacturing-led export growth. Because the share of global employment in manufacturing is set to continue to decline, manufacturing will not play the same role in the future. The author deconstructs what enabled manufacturing to generate growth and structural transformation. The strategy proposed is multi-pronged, addressing separately, in different sectors, the challenges of learning, foreign exchange, and employment. A carefully designed, coordinated multi-sector strategy, with sectoral policies in agriculture, natural resources, manufacturing, and especially services, has the prospect of attaining the same success as the old manufacturing-led export strategy. To implement it, countries will require active industrial policies based on a new understanding of dynamic comparative advantage. The creation of a global reserve system could help provide the finance required for success. New development strategies will require greater balance among the market, state, and community—a perspective articulated in the Stockholm Statement.

WAYS FOR IMPROVING OF FISCAL-ACCOUNTING REGULATION TO THE CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS IN UKRAINE ACCORDING TO THE WORLD TRENDS

The object of research: the procedural order of fiscal and accounting regulation of revenues from export agricultural products (export receipts, the export duty). Investigated problem: obtaining stable and repetitive connection between the accounting part, the fiscal part of the regulation and exports of agricultural goods with possibility of improvement. The main scientific results: it is revealed that the first stage of fiscal-accounting regulation of exported agricultural products is transactions’ accounting on accounts. It should be noted that, after the abolition of the mandatory sale in Ukraine, there is no need to apply the distributive account in export of agricultural products. It will help to reduce the time of enrollment the currency and its using by exporters for their needs. It is determined too, that the second stage of the regulation is the export receipts and revenues from the export duty. Moreover, using economic (mathematical) modeling, based on correlation-regression analysis, it is illustrated positive effects for reducing of export duty rates on revenues from export agricultural products in Ukraine. The area of practical use of the research results: Government of Ukraine in formation of export strategy, and exporters – in the context of accounting. Innovative technological product: the regulation technology of the cyclical accounting and fiscal parts in agricultural exports with using modeling econometric analysis for determination of direction of its development. Scope of the innovative technological product: Ukraine’s Government practice in using mathematic modeling for determination of trends of agricultural exports.