A Transnational Concept of Law

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Patrick Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Western World ◽  
State Law ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
State Laws ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Western Law ◽  
Concept Of Law

Most of the legal theory of the last four centuries, in the Western world, has been state-centred. It has justified the existence of states, facilitated their expansion, conceptualized their sources and structures, sought to resolve their conflicts, and developed their law. The state has even been taken, in much of this writing, as the exclusive source of law. There are indications, however, that this theoretical preoccupation with state structures, state institutions, and state laws may now be in decline. This would be a significant development, a historical shift in emphasis in the conceptualization of Western law. It would not, however, mean the end of states or of state law, but rather their contextualization. States and state law would exist in a larger field of normativity. This would entail recognition of a wider range of sources of law and a wider range of relations between laws and between peoples. To attempt to understand these processes, and the extent of their progression, this article examines what we know, or think we know, of the relations between law and the state, before turning to current efforts to develop a transnational concept of law.

Koppelman, J., concurring.

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Keyword(s):  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
The State ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Sex Stereotypes

If April DeBoer were a man, or James Obergefell a woman, or Valeria Tanco a man, or Greg Bourke a woman, then state law would readily give them the relief they seek. But because the state laws challenged in these cases provide that only a man can marry a woman and only a woman can marry a man—or that existing marriages will be denied recognition if they do not fit this description—April and James and Valeria and Greg are being discriminated against on the basis of their gender. Such sex-based classifications constitute sex discrimination. Accordingly, they must be subjected to intermediate scrutiny. The justifications the state offers not only fail to satisfy such scrutiny. They are themselves based on the precise invidious sex stereotypes that intermediate scrutiny seeks to uncover....

A Self-Executing Amendment

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Paula A. Monopoli
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Courts ◽  
State Court ◽  
Constitutional Interpretation ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Nineteenth Amendment ◽  
Actual Impact ◽  
Constitutional Construction

Chapter 4 examines the state cases that were brought, after ratification, around the validity of voter petitions and elections in which women voted and around preconditions to voting, like poll taxes. Those cases gave state courts a forum to discuss the self-executing nature of the Nineteenth Amendment, in terms of its impact on existing state law. The general conclusion was that the Nineteenth Amendment was self-executing as to voting itself. But state differences in statutory and constitutional construction yielded mixed results, in terms of its actual impact on state laws around voter eligibility, including the requirement that women pay poll taxes. These cases demonstrate the broad discretion in state court judges regarding what was encompassed within “voting” as a matter of constitutional interpretation and statutory construction.

Tribal Justice and State Law in Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Mélisande Genat
Keyword(s):  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Tribal Areas

Literature on tribes in Iraq is scant and often falls prey to simplistic binary approaches to state-society relations. Scholars of legal pluralism provide tools to conceptualize interrelations between adjacent normative fields. Several legal specialists have talked about “a thin form of cooperation” between tribal “private orders” and the Iraqi state. By the same token, many scholars presuppose that the capacity of the tribes and the state to mediate and settle feuds covary in opposite directions and are correlated with the strength of state institutions (tribes step in to fill a vacuum during times of state weakness). However, careful examination of Iraqi penal legislation and its implementation in tribal areas invalidates this stereotypical paradigm. Already in her seminal 1973 article, Sally Moore drew the attention of scholars of legal pluralism to the idea that legal orders should be approached as partially discrete, overlapping social fields. The various arenas intersect and create meaning for each other.

scholarly journals The Definition of Bullying in Compulsory Education: From a General to a Legal Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė Margevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Compulsory Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The definition of the word ‘bullying’ diverges based on the field of practice and research, in the absence of an agreed-upon overreaching definition. The latter would allow maximum flexibility in contributing to the variations in findings of various academic studies. Some argue that the lack of comprehensive definition is a factor of inaccuracy in estimating the prevalence of bullying itself. The ‘definition’ per se [of bullying] is in general recognized by the state law of the United States as one of the key components of any policy adopted by the states and local educational agencies, and which is required to be consistent with the definitions specified in state law. This article presents an overview of the definitions of bullying beyond the legal sphere in general as well as from a legal perspective. Special focus is dedicated to the state laws of the US as the main national jurisdiction that has adopted education law that contains explicit definition of bullying, as well as some of the aspects of defining bullying within the general and legal context of Lithuanian jurisdiction.

scholarly journals Fungsi Falsafah Negara Dalam Penerapan Konsep Negara Hukum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibnu Sina Chandranegara
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Basic Law

Abstract: The function of Philosophy State; The application Concept in State laws. One form of the modern state is a state law that is considered more modern and humane in comparison with ancient conception of the state power. However, not all countries have expressed and declared its country as having a basic law of the state or country state philosophy. Preferred the birth of Pancasila as the state, on the other hand the whole constitution in force ever and always include Pancasila and state law as the concept of the Indonesian state. This paper focuses on a critical analysis of the functioning of the state philosophy in the application of state law in the Indonesian context. Abstrak: Fungsi Falsafah Negara Dalam Penerapan Konsep Negara hukum. Salah satu bentuk negara modern adalah negara hukum yang dianggap lebih modern dan manusiawi dibandingkan dengan konsepsi kuno mengenai negara kekuasaan. Namun tidak semua negara yang menyatakan dan mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai negara hukum mempuntai dasar negara atau falsafah negara. Pancasila kelahirannya sudah dikehendaki sebagai dasar negara, disisi lain seluruh konstitusi yang pernah dan sedang berlaku selalu mencantumkan pancasila dan negara hukum sebagai konsep negara Indonesia. Tulisan ini menfokuskan terhadap analisis kritis tentang fungsi falsafah negara dalam penerapan negara hukum dalam konteks Indonesia. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i1.1448

Emmanuel Melissaris, Ubiquitous Law: Legal Theory and the Space for Legal Pluralism (2009) (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2009) [ISBN 978-0-7546-2542-1] [Ubiquitous Law]. All page references in parenthesis are to this book.

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Seán Patrick Donlan
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
State Law ◽  
Descriptive Theory ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Popular Control

A broad assortment of contemporary approaches to legal and normative complexity have challenged state law’s claim of dominance and exclusivity. In Ubiquitous law: Legal Theory and the Space for Legal Pluralism (2009), Emmanuel Melissaris similarly seeks to ground the ‘legal’ in what he calls ‘shared normative commitments’. As with much ‘legal pluralism’, his focus on normativity rejects long-established conventional concepts of law. Indeed, for Melissaris, state law may not even properly qualify as ‘law’. But understood as a descriptive theory of normativity, the dynamic legal-normative web he outlines has much to recommend it. It is certainly superior to the continuing narrow concentration of jurisprudes on state law and law-like regimes. Less convincing is Melissaris’ prescriptive suggestion, with ‘critical legal pluralists’, that illustrating the degree to which legal-normative reform occurs beyond the state and its laws promises liberation. Shared normative commitments do not necessarily result in popular control as existing social structures and power relationships remain. We may be ensnared rather than emancipated. On the whole, however, Melissaris has made a sophisticated and substantial contribution to our understanding of legal and normative plurality. His book deserves to be widely read.

Does Legal Theory Have a Pluralism Problem?

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-298
Author(s):  
Cormac Mac Amhlaigh
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
State Law ◽  
Weak Claim ◽  
Strong Claim

Legal theory has been criticized by legal pluralists on the grounds that it has a “pluralism problem.” In a nutshell, legal theory’s pluralism problem stems from the fact that it explicitly or implicitly assumes the model of state law whenever it refers to law. This is problematic both because such a state-based conception of law fails to capture myriad nonstate forms of law existing in different contexts and because it runs the risk of supporting oppression in postcolonial contexts where indigenous laws are pushed out by colonial laws which conform to the (state-based) legal theoretical paradigm. This chapter focuses on the former, analytical, limb of legal theory’s pluralism problem by breaking the problem down into three specific claims; two which pluralists argue legal theory defends: a strong claim—that all law is necessarily state law; an intermediate claim—that state law is a paradigmatic or the “best” form of law; and one made by pluralists about legal theory: a weak claim that legal theory has unwarrantedly neglected nonstate forms of law. It analyzes each claim in turn reviewing the relevant claims in legal theory. It concludes that if legal theory does have a pluralism problem, and the analysis undertaken in this chapter suggests that it might in some respects, it is not a particularly profound one. As such, much of the resources of legal theory can be adopted to capture a wide variety of both extant and new emergent forms of nonstate law.

The Nation State Law and the Arabic Language in Israel: Downgrading, Replicating or Upgrading?

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
Mohammed S Wattad
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Official Language ◽  
State Law ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
The Status

Article 4 of the Nation State Law (NSL), entitled ‘Languages’, stipulates that Hebrew is the language of the state (Article 4(a)); the Arabic language has a special status in the state and regulating the use of Arabic in or by state institutions will be set in law (Article 4(b)); and this clause does not harm the status given to the Arabic language before the law came into effect (Article 4(c), the ‘validity of laws’ clause). The question is whether, how, and to what extent these provisions hinder the present legal status of the Arabic language in Israel. The legal status of Arabic had never been determined decisively before enactment of the NSL. The High Court of Israel has always been divided on this matter, particularly between judges who perceived Arabic as an official language and judges who deemed it solely as having been granted its acknowledged ‘special legal status’. Furthermore, the judges who perceived Arabic as an official language of the state were also in dispute among themselves as to the meaning, the scope and the consequences of such recognition. Considering these circumstances, my view is that the NSL perpetuates the legal status of Arabic as prescribed in the laws and case law that already existed, and that the validity of laws clause, coupled with the special status granted to Arabic in a basic law, suggests that the door is still open for the Court to further endorse the legal status of Arabic in Israel.

scholarly journals La superación del paradigma territorial y sus efectos en el Derecho Administrativo. Bases normativas del Derecho Administrativo transnacional // The overcoming of territorial paradigm and its effects in Administrative Law. Normative Basis of Transnational Administrative Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (103) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Jorge Agudo González
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Public Power ◽  
Normative Basis

Resumen:El Derecho Administrativo aborda con creciente frecuencia fenómenos jurídicos que podemos denominar como «transnacionales». Esta calificación se debe a que no son susceptibles de una ordenación integral por el Derecho Administrativo estatal. En este estudio abordamos el análisis de esos fenómenos jurídicos desde la perspectiva del principio de territorialidad. El objetivo es mostrar los efectos de la incompatibilidad de fenómenos inherentes a la globalización con el paradigma de la territorialidad del Derecho Administrativo y su concepción estatutaria como Derecho del Estado. El estudio comienza con una exposición sobre la trascendencia del principio de territorialidad en la Teoría General del Estado y en la Teoría jurídica; esta parte analiza la relevancia del territorio como base y límite del poder público, y en las relaciones con otros ordenamientos. A continuación, el estudio aborda los fenómenos jurídicos alumbrados en el contexto actual de fragmentación y pluralismo jurídico, para mostrar una realidad jurídica que condiciona la capacidad explicativa del principio de territorialidad. La constatación de la superación del paradigma territorial del Derecho Administrativo provoca la necesidad de afrontar las consecuencias de ese panorama jurídico transformador. El estudio muestra cómo la desterritorialización del Derecho tiene implicaciones directas no sólo en las relaciones entre órdenes normativos, sino también en la summa divisio, al igual que en la vis autoritaria que tradicionalmente ha caracterizado al Derecho Administrativo. Estas transformaciones abren paso a un Derecho Administrativo no exclusivamente estatal, basado en relaciones interordinamentales y focalizado en relaciones jurídicas dinámicas. SummaryI. Introduction. II. The Territoriality Principle in the State General Theory and in the Legal Theory. 1. The territoriality and exclusivity principles of sovereign power. 2. State law «toward outward». 2.1. Foundations of international law. 2.2. Conflicts of laws and private international Law. III. The Loss of Centrality of the Territoriality Principle. 1. The overcoming of the exclusivity of State law. 1.1. Legal fragmentation and international (private) «norms». 1.2. Administrativelaw is international law and vice versa. 1.3. Relations between State legal orders. 2. The overcoming of the division public law versus private law. IV. Final Remarks: the «Relational Character» of the Transnational Administrative Law. 1. From the exclusivity and the completness of the State Administrative Law to the relations between legal orders and conflicts of law. 2. From an authoritarian conception centered in static legal status, to a conception ex parte civium and focused on dynamic legal relationships. Abstract:Administrative Law is increasingly tackling with legal phenomena that can be named as «transnational». This denomination is due to the fact that cannot be embraced entirely by State Administrative Law. In this paper we approach the analysis of these legal phenomena from the perspective of the territoriality principle. The objective of this paper is to show the effects of the incompatibility of a legal phenomenon inherent to globalization, with the paradigm of the territoriality of Administrative Law and its statutory conception as State law. The study begins with an exposition on the relevance of the territoriality principle in the State General Theory and in the Legal Theory; for this reason, we analyze the relevance of the territory as the basis and limit of public power, but also in the relations other legal orders. Then the study deals with the current context of fragmentation and legal pluralism to show a legal reality that undermines the explanatory capacity of the territoriality principle. The verification of the overcoming of the territorial paradigm of Administrative Law causes the need to face the consequences of this transforming legal reality. The paper shows to what extent the deterritorialization of law has direct implications not only in the relations between legal orders, but also in the «summa divisio» and in the traditional authoritarian characterization of Administrative Law. These changes open the scene to a non-statist legal regime, based on relations between legal orders and focused on dynamic legal relations.

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПАРАДИГМЫ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ю. М. Оборотов
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The State ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Law

В современной методологии юриспруденции происходит переход от изучения состо­яний ее объекта, которыми выступают право и государство, к постижению этого объек­та в его изменениях и превращениях. Две подсистемы методологии юриспруденции, подсистема обращенная к состоянию права и государства; и подсистема обращенная к изменениям права и государства, — получают свое отображение в концептуальной форме, методологических подходах, методах, специфических понятиях. Показательны перемены в содержании методологии юриспруденции, где определяю­щее значение имеют методологические подходы, определяющие стратегию исследова­тельских поисков во взаимосвязи юриспруденции с правом и государством. Среди наи­более характерных подходов антропологический, аксиологический, цивилизационный, синергетический и герменевтический — определяют плюралистичность современной методологии и свидетельствуют о становлении новой парадигмы методологии юриспру­денции.   In modern methodology of jurisprudence there is a transition from the study the states of its object to its comprehension in changes and transformations. Hence the two subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence: subsystem facing the states of the law and the state as well as their components and aspects; and subsystem facing the changes of the law and the state in general and their constituents. These subsystems of methodology of jurisprudence receive its reflection in conceptual form, methodological approaches, methods, specific concepts. Methodology of jurisprudence should not be restricted to the methodology of legal theory. In this regard, it is an important methodological question about subject of jurisprudence. It is proposed to consider the subject of jurisprudence as complex, covering both the law and the state in their specificity, interaction and integrity. Indicative changes in the content methodology of jurisprudence are the usage of decisive importance methodological approaches that govern research strategy searches in conjunction with the law and the state. Among the most characteristic of modern development approaches: anthropological, axiological, civilization, synergistic and hermeneutic. Modern methodology of jurisprudence is pluralistic in nature alleging various approaches to the law and the state. Marked approaches allow the formation of a new paradigm methodology of jurisprudence.

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