Constitutional and legal models of countering terrorism

Introduction. Terrorism as a socio-political phenomenon that violates the security, rights and interests of the individual, society and the state, puts forward new tasks for constitutional construction in a globalizing world. That is why the article examines the current constitutional and legal models of countering terrorism. The author analyzes various points of view of scientists and politicians on the relationship of human rights, as well as other constitutional values with measures of response to an emergency. Theoretical analysis. The study of the constitutional and legal models of countering terrorism is important not only from a theoretical, but also from a practical point of view, since the most serious and systematic abuse of exclusive powers and violations of human rights occur during countering threats to public order and national security. Empirical analysis. Considering the models for the application of exceptional measures in emergency situations, we draw attention to the following important factors within the framework in which they are implemented: whether the exceptional anti-terrorist measures are aimed at protecting the constitutional order, human rights and freedoms or when they are introduced, other goal-setting is possible; whether the state considers anti-terrorist measures to be extraordinary or proceeds from the assumption that their use is possible in the normal course of the exercise of state power; whether the transition of the state from emergency measures to the usual regime of exercising state power has been ensured in a normative way. Results. Systematizing the views of scientists on the problem of state countering terrorism, we have identified the following basic constitutional and legal models: the absolutization of human rights, non-constitutional and based on achieving a balance of public and private interests.

Constitutional law of Russia

In the textbook, in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard of higher professional education of the third generation, from the standpoint of the current state of constitutional law, the issues of the course of constitutional law of Russia, the theory and practice of constitutional construction, constitutional and legal regulation of the structure of the state, the political system, society as a whole are systematically and fully disclosed. For university students studying in the direction of training 030900 " Jurisprudence "(qualification (degree)" bachelor"," master"), graduate students and teachers of law schools, employees of state authorities and local self-government, as well as for anyone interested in constitutional law.

Constitutional evolution of Russia (review of the collection of scientific articles: 25 years of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: constitutional dialogue / ed. by V.T. Kabyshev. Saratov : Publishing house of the Saratov State Law Academy, 2019. 380 p.)

The review notes the intellectual richness of the national science of constitutional law, the creators of which, on the eve of the anniversary of the Constitution of Russia, entered into a dialogue: a dialogue of generations; a dialogue of scientific schools; a dialogue of worldviews; a dialogue of individuals gifted with talent, an inquisitive mind, the ability to set nontrivial scientific problems and brilliantly solve them, involving statesmen, public leaders, politicians, practicing lawyers in the co-creation of the legal space of Russia. The constitutional dialogue initiated by the Saratov School of Constitutional Law has become an evidence that Russian state scholars are ready for the challenges of our time. They understand the full measure of responsibility that is assigned to the rulers of scientific minds in the era of large-scale changes, the era of choosing the path of further development of civilization. Reflecting the identity of representatives of various scientific schools, the continuity in the assessment of science as a path of service to the high truth, the novelty of ways to find answers to the burning questions of the modern constitutional construction of Russia, the reviewer draws attention to the fact that it brings together different positions, makes us look for a common denominator. This is the philosophy of the constitutional worldview, constitutional ethics, which has become the basis for the existence of public.

Penafsiran terhadap Kewenangan Mengatur Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Melaksanakan Urusan Pemerintahan melalui Pembentukan Peraturan Daerah (Interpretation of the Regional Government’s Authority to Regulate in Implementing Government Affairs through the ... )

The Elucidation of the 2014 Local Government Law has divided the concurrent government affairs between the central government and local governments in detail. To carry out government affairs, local governments have the authority to stipulate regional regulation. The existence of that specific list of concurrent affairs, therefore, raises a question regarding what extent the local government can “elaborates” the government affairs that become their domain in the formulation of regional regulation. This research focuses on two questions: (1) regarding constitutional construction of local government’s authority to regulate; and (2) interpretation of the implementation of the authority to regulate in the formulation of regional regulation. This normative legal research is descriptive, evaluative, and prescriptive in nature. The results indicate alternative interpretations of the authority to regulate, namely implementation in (1) a legalistic-formal approach, through the rigid implementation of the authority and NSPK set by the Government; (2) a normative-extensive approach, by implementing the authority and NSPK, as well as paying attention to the Region’s needs; and (3) a supra-extensive approach, in which the Region goes beyond the corridors of their authority and the NSPK. For this reason, the author suggests that in the formulation of the NSPK, the accuracy of the Central Government is needed, so that can serve as a guideline for implementing flexible government affairs and can accommodate the legal needs of the community in the regions. abstrakLampiran UU Pemda 2014 telah membagi secara detail urusan pemerintahan konkuren antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintahan daerah. Untuk melaksanakan urusan pemerintahan konkuren tersebut, pemerintahan daerah memiliki kewenangan untuk menetapkan peraturan daerah. Kehadiran daftar urusan pemerintahan yang spesifik menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai sejauh mana pemerintahan daerah dapat “menjabarkan” urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi domain kewenangannya dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua permasalahan, yaitu: (1) konstruksi konstitusional kewenangan mengatur pemerintahan daerah; dan (2) penafsiran terhadap kewenangan mengatur urusan pemerintahan oleh pemerintahan daerah dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah. Penelitian hukum normatif ini dilakukan dengan mengkaji data sekunder, dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif, serta berbentuk evaluatif dan preskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya alternatif penafsiran terhadap kewenangan mengatur urusan pemerintahan dalam pembentukan peraturan daerah, yaitu: (1) pelaksanaan kewenangan mengatur secara legalistik-formal, mendasarkan kewenangan dan NSPK yang ditetapkan Pemerintah secara kaku; (2) pelaksanaan kewenangan mengatur secara normatif-ekstensif, yaitu selain mendasarkan pada kewenangan dan NSPK, Daerah juga memperhatikan kebutuhan hukum di Daerah; dan (3) pelaksanaan kewenangan mengatur secara supra-ekstensif, dimana Daerah mengatur melebihi koridor kewenangan dan NSPK. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan dalam perumusan NSPK diperlukan kecermatan Pemerintah Pusat, sehingga dapat menjadi pedoman pelaksanaan urusan pemerintahan yang luwes dan dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan hukum masyarakat di daerah.

A Self-Executing Amendment

Chapter 4 examines the state cases that were brought, after ratification, around the validity of voter petitions and elections in which women voted and around preconditions to voting, like poll taxes. Those cases gave state courts a forum to discuss the self-executing nature of the Nineteenth Amendment, in terms of its impact on existing state law. The general conclusion was that the Nineteenth Amendment was self-executing as to voting itself. But state differences in statutory and constitutional construction yielded mixed results, in terms of its actual impact on state laws around voter eligibility, including the requirement that women pay poll taxes. These cases demonstrate the broad discretion in state court judges regarding what was encompassed within “voting” as a matter of constitutional interpretation and statutory construction.

Constitutional History

This chapter explores the constitutional founding and road to independence in the post-colonial states of Malaysia and Singapore. It provides the historical context for understanding the constitution’s text and the foundations of the constitutional framework. Understanding the broader purposes that motivated the constitutional project provides us with the context necessary to interpret the constitutional text. For example, Malaysia’s constitutionalization of Islam as the state religion was part of a social contract memorialized in a constitutional bargain that also sought to protect minorities and individuals. This historical context is vital for understanding the role that religion would play in the new constitutional order. More generally, the constitutions of Malaysia and Singapore set in place an overarching framework for governance that envisaged continuing constitutional construction in these independent democracies. Rather than mandating a narrow focus on the framer’s specific expectations, as reflected by the Singapore Court of Appeal’s originalist approach, constitutional history helps reveal the foundational elements of a polity that can guide a contemporary adjudication approach. Faithfulness to the constitution calls for a deeper understanding of the foundational principles that underlie its structure and rights guarantees.

Historical-legal and linguistic analysis of constitutional construction in the Democratic people’s Republic of Korea

The article investigates the historical, technical, legal and linguistic features of the constitutional construction process in the Democratic people’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Various aspects of the creation, legal and linguistic content of North Korean Constitutions are analyzed, the reasons for constitutional changes are consi­dered. The influence of Juche ideology and authoritarian governance model on the Constitution and legislation of the DPRK is investigated.

MODERNIZATION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF RUSSIA (TO THE RESULTS OF THE DISCUSSION IN CONNECTION WITH THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY)

A quarter of a century has passed since the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by a national referendum. The jubilee gives a reason to talk about the optimality of constitutional provisions, their effectiveness, and somewhere practical expediency. The article aims to analyze the points of view expressed in this regard in the scientific press, newspaper periodicals and other media. However, the author first refers to the history of the emergence of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. It is noted that the Basic Law, on the one hand, was a result of military-political compromise between supporters of the parliamentary vision of the future structure of the country and supporters of a strong presidential power, on the other hand, allowed ultimately abolish the Soviet system and traditions. The mentioned situation and the factor of haste and hurry could not but affect the content and technical and legal quality of the document. The author has reduced the opinions expressed on the issue of modernization of the Constitution of the Russian Federation to three main positions: 1) The Constitution has not exhausted its potential and there is no reason to change its text; 2) a full-fledged constitutional reform is required, the current Constitution has exhausted its potential; 3) there is a need for precise partial changes and additions that can improve the Constitution. The article argues that the last position of the so-called precise partial changes is the most productive and allows to make the constitutional document adequate and relevant. In this regard, it is proposed to hold several round tables at the initial stage on the development of concepts for improving the constitutional foundations. One of them, the author calls promising and offers to prepare a list of proposals for the removal of ideologically and actually not confirmed in practical life provisions. These are provisions about Legal State (excluding the principle of separation of state power), Welfare State, etc. Another concept that also needs to be developed is institutional (the concept of the legal status of public authorities, their powers, checks and balances, etc.). These ideas, the author believes, should be a compromise between scientists, then become public and be implemented in the practice of constitutional construction.

Henry Friendly and the Incorporation of the Bill of Rights

This essay analyzes the response of one of America’s pre-eminent judges, Henry Friendly, to one of the most far reaching constitutional developments of his time and our time, the incorporation of the Bill of Rights into the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause. In the course of addressing the issue, Friendly raised profound concerns about constitutional construction, federalism, the rule of law, and individual liberty that continue to resonate decades later.

Conceptual and constitutional construction of social security in health and right to health/Constructo conceptual y constitucional de la seguridad social en salud y derecho a la salud

El presente documento científico es el resultado de un proceso investigativo cualitativo, documental, donde se abordaban diferentes variables en cuanto a la dimensión jurídico antropológica de la política pública en salud, tales salud, enfermedad, prestaciones asistenciales y sistema de seguridad social en salud, ello conlleva abordar y estudiar la salud cuanto a su concepto y así mismo la forma en que la Corte Constitucional la explica, emitiendo su apreciación de sistema de seguridad social en salud y derecho a la salud en un contexto de salvaguardar la constitución, garantizar y proteger la salud en un estado demócrata, pluralista y progresista. Para entrar en la dinámica del escrito se inició por la epistemes del concepto, salud, los antecedentes sociales y luego en esplendor el Tribunal Constitucional dentro de sus apreciaciones de lo jurídico y judicial pero agarrada de la doctrina científica que permite lineamientos e ilustraciones fundantes en sus fallos de tutela, elaborando o construyendo jurisprudencia y doctrina Constitucional.Es por ello que cuando se topa la Corte Constitucional con significación jurídica, conceptual e instrumental acerca de la seguridad social en salud y derecho a la salud supone cuál de las dos es mayor o tiene soporte estructural fundamental primario.