Affirmative Action

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Administrative Practices ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
The Usa

Affirmative action is a term used in the USA to depict a set of laws, policies, guidelines, and government-mandated and government-sanctioned administrative practices, including those of private institutions, intended to end and correct the effects of a specific form of discrimination. It seeks to end the effects of discriminatory practices that violate the inherent equality of persons who, because they share certain attributes such as sex or skin colour, have been denied opportunities on the grounds that they are inferior or different. Affirmative action aims to reduce present discrimination against members of targeted groups such as African, Native or Hispanic Americans, women, and the handicapped, and to increase their numbers within certain occupations and professions and at universities and colleges.

Tracking non-native vertebrate species: indicator design for the United States of America

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura A. Meyerson ◽  
Richard Engeman ◽  
Robin O'Malley
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
And Control ◽  
National Environmental

Basic information on the distribution, spread and impacts of non-native species in the USA is not available to those who shape national environmental policy. Although the USA spends billions of dollars annually on introduced species research, monitoring and control efforts, only a limited number of government agencies or private institutions are able to provide definitive reports on more than a handful of these species at a national scale. Research on invasive species is only of marginal practical value if the information cannot be succinctly and effectively transmitted to those who determine the management policies, budgets and objectives. To remedy this situation, a national-scale approach for monitoring established non-native species has been developed under the auspices of the Heinz Center as part of ‘The State of the Nation’s Ecosystems’ project. This paper specifically describes the strategies for reporting on indicators for non-native vertebrate species developed through inputs by experts from academia, industry, environmental organisations and government.

Linguistic and cultural dictionary of geographical names of great Britain and the USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Сергей Гарагуля ◽  
Sergey Garagulya
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cultural Linguistics

The dictionary is built on the principles of cultural linguistics, is a collection of culturally significant place names of great Britain and the USA included in the background knowledge of native speakers of British and American linguistic cultures, and are part of their linguistic picture of the world. It aims to reveal the contents of this toponymic vocabulary. It is addressed to students and postgraduates of philological specialties, teachers of universities and colleges, as well as a wide range of readers interested in English and onomastics

‘No-Barriers’ tobacco product? Selling smokeless tobacco to women, people of colour and the LGBTQ+ community in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056178
Author(s):  
Yogi Hale Hendlin ◽  
Sarah Small ◽  
Pamela M Ling
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
White Males ◽  
Moist Snuff ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Targeted Messages ◽  
Novel Products

BackgroundIn both Sweden and the USA, smokeless tobacco (ST) is legal and used predominantly by men. Starting in the 1970s, US tobacco companies attempted to expand the ST market to women, African Americans, Hispanic Americans and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and other sexual orientation (LGBTQ+) people.DesignWe analysed industry documents from the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library triangulating findings with recent ST advertising and publicly available literature.FindingsWe found tobacco companies used design innovations such as pouched moist snuff, snus and dissolvable products to expand the market. In addition, diverse advertising campaigns targeted women, people of colour (Hispanic, African American) and LGBTQ+ communities with identity-targeted messages emphasising novelty, convenience, cleanliness and use in smoke-free environments. However, stereotypes of ST users as rural white males endured, perpetuated by continued marketing aimed at this customer base, which created cognitive dissonance and stymied marketer’s hopes that pouch products would ‘democratize’ ST.ConclusionThese failed campaigns suggest novel products such as nicotine pouch products may provide a ‘clean slate’ to similarly target women and other low-ST-using groups. Based on this history, the risk of new tobacco and nicotine products to increase health disparities should be closely monitored.

scholarly journals A frissdiplomások végzéskori elvárásainak és három éves munkaerőpiaci tapasztalatainak összehasonlítása

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
László Tamándl
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Law ◽  
Higher Educational

The higher educational institutions in the USA and some countries of Europe have already examined the careers of their alumni for more decades. This process has many positive signs: it makes the connections between the institutions and the alumni stronger, just like between the institutions and the labour market; in addition it attracts attention to the building and the possible changes. In Hungary the inauguration of the compulsory career-following-system was laid down in the Law of Higher Education in 2005 (2005/CXXXIX. act of the higher education). The career-following is very important for the Széchenyi István University, so is the utilization of its results. The inauguration of the career-following-system of the alumni (the Hungarian abbreviation, that will be used henceforth: DPR) in the higher education is voluntary. As far as the representativity is concerned, the universities and colleges have unfortunately problems in Hungary how to achieve their alumni and how to get them to cooperate. A successful institutional DPR needs live connections with the students over their study and after it as well.

scholarly journals Sustainability assurance practices: a systematic review and future research agenda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddam A. Hazaea ◽  
Jinyu Zhu ◽  
Saleh F. A. Khatib ◽  
Ayman Hassan Bazhair ◽  
Ahmed A. Elamer
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
New Research

Abstract Although firms increasingly publish sustainability reports, assuring such reports is relatively new. This study reviews the literature of sustainability assurance to evaluate the intellectual development of the field and provide recommendations for future studies. It also demonstrates the role of assurance to enhance the credibility of sustainability reports and corporate reputation. This paper systematically reviews 94 papers obtained from the Scopus database between 1993 and August 2021. Our study shows that there is an increase in the number of studies published in recent years. We also found that some countries have received limited attention, such as the USA. The scant literature examining sustainability assurance in private institutions and non-profit organisations should be reinforced. Likewise, the sustainability research also provides limited evidence on the governance debate. The vast majority of research is not based on theoretical grounds. The need for assurance of sustainability reports not only enhances the reputation but also adds more value to the organisation’s planning, monitoring, and accountability. We highlight several new research suggestions that may enhance the understanding of sustainability assurance practices.

scholarly journals Democracy and Challenges of Participation and Exclusion in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogoh Alubo
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Gender Inclusion ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Way

Democracy is cherished because of the opportunities it offers people to contribute to issues affecting their lives. This reasoning accounts for the celebration when this form of government was restored in Nigeria in 1999 after protracted military dictatorships. In 2019 there were further jubilations over 20 unbroken years of democracy, the first since independence in 1960; issues of inclusion and exclusion were not mentioned. Yet, there are widespread exclusion of ethnic minorities and women through which their participation in running for office is circumscribed by circumstances of birth. Experiences in Plateau and Benue States are used as illustrations. It is here contended that until more deliberate efforts are made to include everyone, Nigeria’s brand of democracy will continue to exclude ethnic minorities and women. The dominant mantra of ‘majority carries the vote’ only aggravates the problem, a deliberate policy to resolve exclusion is necessary. Rwanda has led the way in gender inclusion, just as the USA had also shown that through policy reforms such as universal suffrage and affirmative action, African Americans and other minorities can become part of the mainstream, even producing a President and recently, 2021, the Vice President.

scholarly journals International Students Dictionary

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Karen Johnson ◽  
Lisa Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Students ◽  
International Student ◽  
Academic Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Universities And Colleges ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University

According to Study Destination USA's website, The Ultimate International Student Dictionary for International Students Studying in the USA was created to give transferring international students help with the unique terminology used in universities and colleges in the United States. From experience, the staff at Study Destination USA understands the challenges future or current international students will experience, such as adapting to a new academic culture to understanding the nuances of the university language.

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